# data[].attributes.body
Amin (2013) claims that it creates better learning environment by modernizing ways of learning

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By using technology as the teaching tools for teacher, it can improve students’ interest and motivation in learning. As we know, students nowadays are techno-native. They were born when technology are developed. We can’t resist the fact that students are definitely will keep up with the things around them, and technology is one of them. By using technology in classroom, it does not mean that teachers do not take a part in teaching and learning. However, according to Ghavifekr, Rosdy (2015), computer and technology does not acts as a replacing tools for quality teachers, but instead, they are considered as an add-on supplements needed for the better teaching and learning. By using technology, the teachers were not use one way communication anymore like in traditional class, instead, teachers can use videos and pictures to catch students’ interest. Considering two of young learners’ characteristics that are imaginative and have short attention span, teachers need to be aware of the way they teach the students. The younger the students, the higher their expectation are on ICT integration in classroom (Ghavifekr, Rosdy, 2015). Teachers can use Microsoft PowerPoint be used to present the topic in a very innovative and creative way that will lead into discussion and exchanging ideas and thoughts. It also helps teachers to design their lesson plans in an, creative and interesting approach that would result in students’ active learning (Ghavifekr, Rosdy, 2015)

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105224.pdf

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4.) What are the suggestions for further research? (Dita, Nitya, Siska)

# data[].attributes.subject
4.) What are the suggestions for further research? (Dita, Nitya, Siska)

# data[].attributes.body
Since this study has proven the effectiveness of the ICT to teaching and learning in the secondary school. The writer suggests that the teacher should be more confident when teach the students by using ICT effectively in lessons.

https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/istl/WP032.pdf

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3.) Were there any weaknesses in the study? (Dita, Nitya, Siska)

# data[].attributes.subject
3.) Were there any weaknesses in the study? (Dita, Nitya, Siska)

# data[].attributes.body
The weakness in this study is that the students will have less interaction with their teacher. They tend to work individually and also the students are less experienced in drawing, writing by hand.

https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/istl/WP032.pdf

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1.) How did ICT assist the teaching/learning? (Dita, Nitya, Fransiska)

# data[].attributes.subject
1.) How did ICT assist the teaching/learning? (Dita, Nitya, Fransiska)

# data[].attributes.body
Nowadays, ICT is the effective one to assist the teaching and learning process.  ICT can help for teacher and students because it helps a lot and make it easier. Media ICT also for improving the quality of education because it can encourage the students to learn and the teachers can improve their teaching (make it more interesting). From the teachers, they can get attention from the students because that I mentioned before the learning process more interesting and introducing something new. By using the technology the students can get a lot of information and they can make a new product like video, games, and etc. ICT provide extra support for students with special needs, with features such as; simplified screen and instructions, consistent placement of menus and control features, graphics combine with text, audio feedback, ability to set pace and level of difficulty, appropriate and unambiguous feedback, and easy error correction. According to Moseley & Higgins (as cited in Mumtaz, 2000, p. 328) studied the attitudes of a small sample of teachers. They found that teachers who successfully made use of ICT had the following characteristics:

A positive rather than negative attitude towards ICT. Teachers who have positive attitudes towards ICT itself will be positively disposed towards using it in the classroom.

Pupil choice rather than teacher direction. Teachers who preferred directive styles of teaching tended to rate their own competence as low and made use of helpers with ICT.

Pupil empowerment as learners rather than pupils receiving instruction.

A preference for individual study rather than pupils receiving instruction.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14759390000200096#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzE0NzU5MzkwMDAwMjAwMDk2P25lZWRBY2Nlc3M9dHJ1ZUBAQDA=

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2. Did the research yield positive result? (Dita, Nitya, Siska)

# data[].attributes.subject
2. Did the research yield positive result? (Dita, Nitya, Siska)

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Yes, they did. The research yield positive result because there are a lot of factors that ICT has positve effect, based on the journal that we read “pupils associated ICT use with raised interest and increased motivation on their part”.

https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/istl/WP032.pdf

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4.  What are the suggestions for further research? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

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4.  What are the suggestions for further research? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

# data[].attributes.body
Consideration of ICT is not only about theory, but it is a tool in teaching activity. Because of that, using questionnaire is not enough to measure how effective this tool in real situation. Therefore, it is important for researcher to experience it by himself. We expect the researcher to do field experiment to examine an intervention in the real world rather than only by point of view.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-method.html

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3. Were there any weakness in this study? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

# data[].attributes.subject
3. Were there any weakness in this study? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

# data[].attributes.body
Since this study only used questionnaire as its instrument, we think that it would be better if the researcher do the field experiment to make the result stronger. Another benefit of using field experiment is the researcher can also experience it, not only from teachers’ point of view.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-method.html

# data[].attributes.headline
2. Did the research yield positive result? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

# data[].attributes.subject
2. Did the research yield positive result? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, it did. The result in this study leads to the fact that ICT integration has a great effectiveness for both teacher and students. Compare to the traditional class, technology-based teaching is way more effective and interesting. Most of teachers in this study agree that ICT helps to improve classroom management as students are well-behaved and more focused. Moreover, this study proved that students learn more effectively with the use of ICT as lesson designed are more engaging and interesting. Accordingly, the participants agreed that integrating ICT can foster students’ learning.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105224.pdf

# data[].attributes.headline
1. How did ICT assist the teaching/learning? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

# data[].attributes.subject
1. How did ICT assist the teaching/learning? (Martha, Siva, Sari)

# data[].attributes.body
By using technology as the teaching tools for teacher, it can improve students’ interest and motivation in learning. As we know, students nowadays are techno-native. They were born when technology are developed. We can’t resist the fact that students are definitely will keep up with the things around them, and technology is one of them. By using technology in classroom, it does not mean that teachers do not take a part in teaching and learning. However, according to Ghavifekr, Rosdy (2015), computer and technology does not acts as a replacing tools for quality teachers, but instead, they are considered as an add-on supplements needed for the better teaching and learning. By using technology, the teachers were not use one way communication anymore like in traditional class, instead, teachers can use videos and pictures to catch students’ interest. Considering two of young learners’ characteristics that are imaginative and have short attention span, teachers need to be aware of the way they teach the students. The younger the students, the higher their expectation are on ICT integration in classroom (Ghavifekr, Rosdy, 2015). Teachers can use Microsoft PowerPoint be used to present the topic in a very innovative and creative way that will lead into discussion and exchanging ideas and thoughts. It also helps teachers to design their lesson plans in an, creative and interesting approach that would result in students’ active learning (Ghavifekr, Rosdy, 2015)

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105224.pdf

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3. Were there any weaknesses in the study? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

# data[].attributes.subject
3. Were there any weaknesses in the study? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

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a) Limited accessibility and network connection

b) School  with limited technical support

c) Lack of effective training

d) Limited time

e) Lack of teachers’ competency

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1096028.pdf

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2. Did the research yield positive result? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

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2. Did the research yield positive result? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

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Yes. It was stated in the study that the average scores from the questionnaires were quite high and were spread evenly across the three domains (see Table 5). Therefore, we can affirm that teachers have a high expectation level with respect to ICT and a positive estimation of its impact on learning: most of the teachers that took part contended that the use of ICT in classrooms benefits some teaching and learning processes. Teachers have pointed out that using ICT at school helps to improve students’ attention (x = 4.09) and perception skills (x = 3.97). If we consider attention as a basic requirement for learning (Pozo 2000), we could suppose that ICT is facilitating learning because it helps create better learning conditions by raising and promoting students’ attention skills. Moreover, increasing perception skills could be favourable to learning because students will be in a better condition to process and translate the stimuli that allow them to build new thinking and action schemes.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687769.2010.529108?needAccess=true

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4. What are the suggestions for further research? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

# data[].attributes.subject
4. What are the suggestions for further research? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

# data[].attributes.body
In future studies more focus should be given on management strategies and policies to address the barriers faced by teachers in using ICT tools in teaching and learning. If the barriers faced by teachers can be overcome, it is a step forward to enhance our students’ learning outcome.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1096028.pdf

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1). How did ICT assist the teaching/learning?
Answer :
Bottino (2003) and Sharma (2003) mention that the use of ICT can improve performance, teaching, administration, and develop relevant skills in the disadvantaged communities. It also improves the quality of education by facilitating learning by doing, real time conversation, delayed time conversation, directed instruction, self-learning, problem solving, information seeking and analysis, and critical thinking, as well as the ability to communicate, collaborate and learn (Yuen et al, 2003).

http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/waoe/amins.pdf

2). Did the research yield positive result?
Answer :
The adoption and use of ICTs in education have a positive impact on teaching, learning, and research. ICT can affect the delivery of education and enable wider access to the same. In addition, it will increase flexibility so that learners can access the education regardless of time and geographical barriers. It can influence the way students are taught and how they learn. It would provide the rich environment and motivation for teaching learning process which seems to have a profound impact on the process of learning in education by offering new possibilities for learners and teachers.

http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/waoe/amins.pdf

3).  Were there any weaknesses in the study?
Answer :
Major disadvantage of the use of the ICT in formal educational settings were found. Students' cheating, extracurricular activities, technical problems and biased/unreliable information. Sharples et al (2008) maintain that cheating is a risk that the use of the Internet in the school poses to young people. They state further that children might not regard copy-pasting, which they 36 are empowered to do, as cheating (74). All five teachers in the current study think that the fact that students might cheat is a drawback with the use of the Internet in the school. They all confirm how easy it is for students to just copy from online texts and paste it into their own texts.

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:438827/FULLTEXT01.pdf

4). What are the suggestions for further research?
Answer :
ICT can have an impact on student performance and achievement. Similarly wider availability of best practices and best course material in education, which can be shared by means of ICT, can foster better teaching and improved academic achievement of students. The overall literature suggests that successful ICT integration in education.

http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/waoe/amins.pdf

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Source: http://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/waoe/amins.pdf
1. ICT could motivate/encourage the students’ interest to enrich and deepen their skills to help them relate school experiences to practices through an interaction to each other also with the teacher so they are able to access. extend, transform and share their ideas and information through multi-modal communication styles.
2. Yes, it showed positive result by saying that
3. The weakness is that  most teachers do not make use of the  potential  of  ICT  to  contribute  to  the  quality  of  learning  environments, although  they  value this  potential  quite  significantly
4. It suggests that wider availability of best practices and best course material in education, which  can  be  shared  by  means  of  ICT,  can  foster  better  teaching  and  improved  academic achievement  of  students.The  overall  literature  suggests  that  successful  ICT  integration  in education.

Source: MOJET (Malayasian Online Journal of Educational Technology). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1096028.pdf
1. ICT gives students opportunities to learn effectively and apply 21 century skills in the classroom.
2. The research yield positive result based on the questionnare that answered by the students about their perception towards the use of ICT
3. The weakness in the study teachers have lack of training, management strategies, and policies to collaborate ICT in the classroom
4. Suggestions for further research: future studies should focus on management strategies and policies to overcome barriers that teachers faced in using ICT in teaching and learning.

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What are the suggestions for further research? (Santi Kusuma)

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What are the suggestions for further research? (Santi Kusuma)

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Implications for further research and teachers’ training

The four school levels considered in this study represent a continuum in which different phases can be identified: from the level of infrastructure and equipment available, to the integration of ICT as a resource and, finally, its consideration as a strategic element for the innovation and the improvement of teaching and learning processes. To get to Level 4 implies that a school not only has to modernise the technological tools, but also has to change the teaching models: the teacher’s role, issues regarding classroom organisation, the teaching and learning processes, the interaction mechanisms, and so forth.

Some conditions need to be in place to allow most of the schools to move forward along the lines of this model:

The consideration of ICT as a tool that can contribute to continuous educational innovation in the centres should be introduced in the school strategic plans and, even more, in each year’s teaching plan. The cases studied in which this was so achieved better outcomes. Further research should focus on the need for a new and different form of classroom organisation when integrating ICT, where staff roles and equipment should be organised differently.

The teaching staff has a fundamental role in determining what to teach and how to teach it (and what the students are going to learn) using ICT. It is therefore extremely important that they make their beliefs explicit and take them into account when designing teaching processes, in order to better observe and understand innovative uses of technology for high educational level purposes (Cox 2008 Cox M.J. Researching IT in education International handbook of information technology in primary and secondary education Voogt J. Knezek G. Springer Berlin 2008 965 81 [Google Scholar]). These issues will have to be considered when drawing up training proposals, developing them in order to enable teachers and schools to integrate ICT appropriately in the teaching and learning processes. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687769.2010.529108

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Did the research yield positive result? (Santi Kusuma)

# data[].attributes.subject
Did the research yield positive result? (Santi Kusuma)

# data[].attributes.body
The purpose of this study is to analyse what is happening at schools regarding the integration and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and to examine teachers’ perceptions about what teaching and learning processes can be improved through the use of ICT. A multiple-case-study research methodology was applied. From a previous exploratory research, four different types of schools were determined. Data show there is a widespread view that ICT in teaching favours several teaching and learning processes. In particular, it shows that the contribution of ICT to the improvement of teaching and learning processes is higher in the schools that have integrated ICT as an innovation factor. To attain this highest level implies that a school not only has to modernise the technological tools, but also has to change the teaching models: the teacher’s role, issues regarding classroom organisational, the teaching and learning processes, and the interaction mechanisms.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687769.2010.529108

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1. How did ICT assist the teaching/learning? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

# data[].attributes.subject
1. How did ICT assist the teaching/learning? - Chrisia, Sienny, Pinkan, Riska

# data[].attributes.body
ICT can be used in various ways where it helps both teachers and students to learn about their respective subject areas. Internet as a learning tool has been categorized into three broad areas: as a tool to develop training activities at schools in the form of a complementary activity, as a way to facilitate personal contact and therefore interaction among people, and as a resource to widen access to content and services (Sangrà 2001).  A technology- based teaching and learning offers various interesting ways which includes educational videos, stimulation, storage of data, the usage of databases, mind-mapping, guided discovery, brainstorming, music, World Wide Web (www) that will make the learning process more fulfilling and meaningful (Finger & Trinidad, 2002). On the other hand, students will benefit from ICT integration where they are not bounded to the limited curriculum and resources, instead hands-on activities in a technology-based course is designed to help them to stimulate their understanding about the subject. It also helps teachers to design their lesson plans in an effective, creative and interesting approach that would result in students’ active learning. Previous researches proved that use of ICT in teaching will enhance the learning process and maximizes the students’ abilities in active learning (Finger & Trinidad, 2002; Jorge et al., 2003; Young, 2003; Jamieson-Procter et al., 2013).
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687769.2010.529108?needAccess=true
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105224.pdf

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Were there any weaknesses in the study? 

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Were there any weaknesses in the study? 

# data[].attributes.body
a school not only has to modernise the technological tools, but also has to change the teaching models: the teacher’s role, issues regarding classroom organisational, the teaching and learning processes, and the interaction mechanisms. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687769.2010.529108

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How did ICT assist the teaching/learning?

# data[].attributes.subject
How did ICT assist the teaching/learning?

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Information and communication technologies are currently being used in education to assist students to learn more effectively by providing teachers with access to a wide range of new pedagogy. These technologies are also being used to enable teachers to do administrative tasks more efficiently. This paper outlines a new use for information and communication technologies that offers something different. This new use enables students to show teachers how to improve teaching and, in doing this, it enables students to have more informed and more profitable access to teachers' knowledge and skills. The paper suggests that, although problematic in application, this approach may represent a 'quantum leap' in educational effectiveness. http://srhe.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13558000210161061?journalCode=riie20#.WoTiQTWGSng