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1) http://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/
I chose this website because it talks about how influential and heartbreaking it is for someone to lose their love ones. Several families shared their experience during the national gatherings. It makes me think that despite the imposed measures to fix this problem, the government is still not taking this issue seriously.

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http://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/aboriginal-women-girls-targets-for-human-trafficking-says-new-report-1.2771631
I chose this website because it explains the different ways that aboriginal women are used which one of them is human trafficking. This subject stood out to me because of how cruel the world can be to the point of selling innocent people.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwk1kHren68
I chose this video because I think it shows the importance of the work we have to do to fix this issue and that we have to make a change right away. The words anger, disgust and confidence problem were all mentioned. The description of the situation and the women who were interviewed show the intensity of the whole problem.

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https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2011001/article/11439-eng.htm
I chose this website because the statistics that are shown made me realize how badly aboriginal women are treated compared to non-aboriginal women in our society.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN_PhDsbu30&t=321s

I picked this documentary because I find it incredibly interesting that they ask help from a former serial killer to aide the investigation, you get to see the mentality of a the criminally insane and get answers to questions that you would have never thought of. For example, why serial killers do what they do, how they choose their victims, how the way the killer killed and disposed of the people links to whether the killer is local or experienced. This incite helps to puzzle the clues of the investigation because you can narrow down the people, you start to understand how their mind works, how they can disassociate themselves from society and how they often blame the victim; “its like the baby zebras fault for walking in front of the lion”.

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http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/open-door-montreal-shelter-1.4038966
This shows the lack of effort that the police is providing towards these cases.  Here is an example that also brings this to peoples attention:
"'Would it be faster if I took a hammer and went across the street and smashed a window on the neighbour's SUV? Would that get a car here more quickly?' And the operator said to me, 'Yes it would,'" Chapman said.
This man is creating a comparison between a woman's life and a car window. Yet the car window got the operator's help.

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http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/sexual-assault-among-biggest-issues-indigenous-women-face-in-montreal-community-leaders-say-1.4544306
I chose this link because the article explains how hard it is for Indigenous women to get help and to feel secure in their environment. It also has quotes of past experiences. For example, "In the last year, 10 Indigenous women said they were raped or sexually assaulted…[Of] the 10, only three were willing to make a report to police."

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https://globalnews.ca/video/3762432/edmonton-police-reviewing-cold-cases-ahead-of-missing-and-murdered-women-inquiry
This video is interesting because it shows that some work is being done however, it leads us to realize that it is not nearly enough. As a country, Canada needs to act. It must make all aboriginal communities feel safe and trust us. We must work for there forgiveness.

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http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/indigenous-affairs-minister-hears-familiar-story-about-police-response-from-murdered-womens-families
I think that this video makes a very good point, police tend to put off the cases for the future or classify them as something they are obviously not such as overdose or suicide. It is covering the fire, not putting it out. They need to act and stop acting as if aboriginal communities are not important because they are. Not only did they get put on reserves and robbed of their territory, they got taken away their rights. It is something we must all take knowledge of.

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https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/19/canada-police-fail-indigenous-women-saskatchewan
Just by reading the headline, you understand how essential a solution to this issue is. I find it interesting because it shows how neglected these women are. We need to stand up for them and help them gain our trust to be able to obtain their forgiveness. By acting as if they do not even exist is not going to do that. It is making things worse and worse.

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-CBC
-Global News
-Calgary News
-Youtube

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"I felt really degraded, I felt humiliated, I felt cheap."
-Wanda Ducharme
Her bra was stripped off by male officers.
Male officers are no longer allowed to body search women, except in extreme cases.

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- 4% of the Canadian population is made up of Aboriginal people
- 51.2% of that 4% is made up of women and girls.

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​Aboriginal women today face many issues stemming from the circumstances and events of the colonial history of Canada and the imposition of a European patriarchal system on Indigenous societies.

Aboriginal women tod ay face many issues stemming from the circumstances an d events of the colonial history of Canada and the imposition of a European patriarchal system on Indigenous societies. Not the least of these issues is the division of Aboriginal women created by legal categories imposed by the government of Canada's , which serves to compound ancestral or national distinctions already in existence. The different groups of Aboriginal women include First Nations, Métis and Inuit.

Common Concerns

Despite differences, Aboriginal women have some common concerns with the Aboriginal population as a whole, many of which stem from European colonization. In addition to the loss of their land in the 19th century, Aboriginal people also lost their traditional livelihood and self-sufficiency. Moreover, social, economic and political marginalization, as well as racial stereotyping, discrimination, and the loss of culture, language and often pride, left Aboriginal people in Canada with little social or political power and contributed to economic inequality and even abject poverty. Urban and rural Aboriginal communities continue to struggle with a lack of education, employment, skills, opportunities and income equity. ( See Aboriginal People, Economic Conditions; Aboriginal People, Social Conditions.)

Demographic Characteristics

Aboriginal people comprise roughly four per cent of the total population of Canada, with women making up 51.2 per cent of the Aboriginal population. The Aboriginal population is growing rapidly, with a 45 per cent increase between 1996 and 2006. By 2011, the population had increased another 20 per cent.

Although mortality rates have improved over the last two decades, life expectancy for Aboriginal people is five years less than that of the overall Canadian population. Aboriginal peoples also continue to suffer a higher infant mortality rate. Aboriginal mortality and fertility rates show a slow trend toward convergence with the Canadian rates. ( See Aboriginal People, Demography.)

More young Aboriginal women migrate to urban centres than do men, especially from small northern communities. This migration may be caused by the lack of opportunities for advancement on reserves and in rural areas as well as the perceived abundance of opportunities, particularly education, in urban centres. ( See Aboriginal People, Urban Migration.) Studies also show that many of these young women are single parents.

Poverty, single parenthood, unemployment and poor housing continue to affect Aboriginal women in Canada. These concerns are often more acute in the North, where rural, isolated communities of Inuit, Métis and First Nations people generally suffer higher rates of illness and have fewer services for the well-being and protection of women and children. ( See Aboriginal People, Health.)

Aboriginal Women and the Indian Act

An issue which grabbed international attention through the 1970s and 1980s concerned legal discrimination against Aboriginal women and the loss of their treaty and Aboriginal rights should they marry a partner without status. The Canadian government's Indian Act discriminated against Aboriginal women in this fashion from 1869 until 1985, when Bill C-31 amended the Indian Act to remove the discrimination and bring the Act in line with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

The 1985 amendment allows women who "married out" - and those who by other means lost their Indian status and accompanying rights and benefits - to apply for the restoration of their status and rights, and also allows their children to apply for registration as Status Indians. The Act no longer requires or allows women to follow their husbands into or out of status, and it allows women to pass status on to their children just as men always have.

Since the implementation of the amendments to the Indian Act in 1985, the number of registered Indians has more than doubled, from approximately 360,000 in 1985 to more than 778,000 in 2007. The increase is a result of more births over deaths as well as through "reinstated" Indian status.

However, while the amendment addressed much of the former discrimination against women, it also created some problems. By placing these women, and often their children, onto First Nations band membership lists, the government stretched already limited lands and funds to serve more people, and this has at times incited resentment and backlash toward these "Bill C-31s" by First Nations members.

Further, the inclusion of a "Second-Generation Cut-Off" rule potentially means a great reduction in the number of people entitled to be registered as Status Indians under the Indian Act. According to Bill C-31, there are two categories of Indian registration. The first, known as sub-section 6(1), applies when both parents are or were entitled to registration. The second, known as sub-section 6(2), applies when one parent is entitled to registration under 6(1). Status cannot be transferred, however, if that one parent is registered under sub-section 6(2). In short, after two generations of intermarriage with non-status partners, children would no longer be eligible for status. Moreover, in order for a child to be registered, both the mother's and father's names must be included on the birth certificate. If the father's name is not included, he is assumed to be non-status. In such situations, children born to women registered under sub-section 6(2) are not eligible for status. The amendment therefore significantly limits the ability to transfer status to one's children.

Stereotypes, Violence and the Justice System

Aboriginal women have confronted unique problems stemming from stereotypes of them perpetuated by non-Aboriginal men since contact. The image of the "Indian princess" gave way to that of the promiscuous "squaw" which rendered Indigenous women vulnerable to violence and mistreatment. Early observations and oral history indicate that widespread violence accompanied the colonization of North America. The removal of Aboriginal people from their land, their placement on reserves and the loss of the traditional male roles of hunter-provider have caused role conflicts, frustration and anger which often finds its outlet in violence against women.

The cycle of violence, combined with the poverty and deprivation facing many Aboriginal people in Canada, is connected to a higher rate of incidents involving the law than the general population. Simple failure to pay fines accounts for many incarcerations. Lack of resources and few choices often result in limited recourse for Aboriginal women. ( See Aboriginal People, Law.)

High rates of domestic violence afflict Aboriginal women throughout North America. The Aboriginal Justice Inquiry of Manitoba (1990) noted that one in three Aboriginal women suffered abuse at the hands of her partner. The findings from the Canadian Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (1996) supported the view that the constant challenges to the culture and collective identity of Aboriginal people weakened the communities and contributed to group and individual alienation that led some to self-destruction and anti-social behaviour.

In 2009, 13 per cent of all Aboriginal women aged 15 and older living in the provinces stated that they had been violently victimized, almost three times the rate for non-Aboriginal women.

Missing or Murdered Aboriginal Women

Although Aboriginal women comprise approximately 4.3 per cent of the female Canadian population, they are significantly overrepresented among missing and murdered women.

The issue gained increased awareness and attention after Amnesty International published Stolen Sisters: A Human Rights Response to Violence and Discrimination against Indigenous Women in Canada (2004) and No More Stolen Sisters (2009). Research conducted by the Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC) established a database of missing and murdered Aboriginal women and girls. In 2011, the NWAC database included 582 known cases, most of which had occurred between 1990 and 2010.

To help address the problem, in 2010 the federal government committed $10 million (over two years) to improve the safety of Aboriginal women and to ensure that the justice system and law enforcement agencies would improve their response to cases of missing and murdered women.

In 2013, the RCMP launched an investigation into the problem of missing and murdered Aboriginal women in Canada. The report (published in 2014) revealed that from 1980 to 2012, a total of 1,181 Aboriginal women were murdered or were considered missing. As of September 2013, 164 Aboriginal women were considered missing, 11.3 per cent of all missing women in Canada. As Aboriginal women comprise 4.3 per cent of the entire female population in Canada, this number is disproportionately high. More striking was the revelation that 1,017 Aboriginal women had been murdered in this period - 16 per cent of the total for all women homicides in Canada.

In the wake of the RCMP report, calls for a national inquiry into the problem increased. The most vocal calls for this investigation came from the Native Women's Association of Canada, as well as other Aboriginal organizations. In 2014, provincial and territorial leaders as well as opposition federal parties (NDP and Liberal Party) added their support for an inquiry. However, the federal government under Conservative leader Stephen Harper rejected this approach, and several experts have maintained that an inquiry would be cumbersome and would not yield any new answers.

Since 2006, the Sisters in Spirit vigils have been held annually on 4 October to recognize missing and murdered Aboriginal women in Canada. Citizens across the country hold events including rallies, candlelight vigils, workshops and a moment of silence to bring awareness to the issue of violence against Aboriginal women.

Aboriginal Women and Politics

While many Aboriginal women share goals for the advancement of their people, their voices are often ignored by the Aboriginal leadership and male-dominated political organizations. During the Canadian Constitution talks of 1992, the independent national Native Women's Association of Canada was not granted a seat to take part in the talks with the federal government, provincial premiers and the four major Aboriginal organizations.

Other Aboriginal women's organizations formed as dependent adjuncts to the national and regional bodies including the Métis National Council of Women (now Women of the Métis Nation) and the Saskatchewan Indian Women's Association (now the Saskatchewan First Nations' Women's Commission). There are many small grassroots-oriented regional and local women's groups which receive little funding and therefore have difficulty operating in and serving Aboriginal communities.

In 2012, there were 111 women chiefs out of 633 First Nations across Canada. Although the percentage of female Aboriginal chiefs in 2012 was only 17.5 per cent, this was slightly higher than the percentage of female mayors of Canadian cities. A growing number of Aboriginal women hold leadership roles in regional and national political organizations. Rosemarie Kuptana, president of the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada, Mary Simon of the Inuit Circumpolar Council, and Wendy Grant-John, the first woman to be elected Assembly of First Nations Regional Chief for British Columbia, were three of the earliest high-profile Aboriginal women.

Nellie Cournoyea, a Northwest Territories MLA, became the first female premier of a Canadian territory (1991-95), and Ethel Blondin-Andrew was a Member of Parliament until 2006. Elected as a Conservative MP for Nunavut in 2008, Leona Aglukkaq became the first Inuk to be sworn into the Federal Cabinet when she was appointed Minister of Health. Aglukkaq stepped down from that post in 2012 to become the Chair of the (eight-nation) Arctic Council. Since July 2013, she has served as Minister of the Environment, Minister of the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency and Minister for the Arctic Council. Shelly Glover, a Manitoba Métis, was first elected in 2008 to represent Saint Boniface, MB, as an MP, and is the first policewoman in Canadian Parliamentary history. In 2013, she was appointed Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages.

Healing

In the political arena, Aboriginal women may be underrepresented, but many are leading the way in the area of healing the wounds of colonization. In small, informal circles and large healing conferences attended by thousands, women are grappling with the issues of residential schools, missing and murdered women, abuse and violence, and drug, alcohol and other addictions.

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​Aboriginal women today face many issues stemming from the circumstances and events of the colonial history of Canada and the imposition of a European patriarchal system on Indigenous societies. Aboriginal women tod ay face many issues stemming from the circumstances an d events of the colonial history of Canada and the imposition of a European patriarchal system on Indigenous societies.

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1- https://youtu.be/c9YMNIlPRl8
This video is about how Trudeau realizes the gravity of the problem and how he makes a promise to  reconcile with the Aboriginal people. It also shows the reality of what happened to them in the years that they were being mistreated.

2- https://youtu.be/vdR9HcmiXLA
I chose this video because it's very shocking and it's content really captures the story from the aboriginal people's point of view. Kids that went to the residential schools, now all grown up, share their horrible experience with us.

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2)http://www.cbc.ca/missingandmurdered/
I chose this website because it shows a list of the murdered and missing aboriginal women and there are more than 250. Some of them are still very young. I felt very sad and touched by looking at their pictures. Also, some of the murder cases are still unsolved, which has to be heartbreaking for her family and friends. The website also shows a statistic of all the murdered and missing aborigibal women since 1960, and the number of people continues to increase, which shows the importance of this issue.

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3)http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/indigenous-missing-women-police-data-1.4449073
The title of this website is called Still no way to tell how many indigenous women go missing each year, which is exactly the reality of the situation. I read that even after 53.8$ of investment by the government to fix this problem, the situation is still not getting better, which shows the gravity of this issue. In addition to that, a lot of the reasons behind those murder and missing cases are still unknown, which really had me questioning and think about those reasons. They must feel extremely desperate to commit murder or to go missing. Also, i was really touched that some of the families were able to reunite with their loved ones.

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4)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqpsoEuQEjU
I chose this video because i was really touched by it. In the video, a mother talks about how devastating and heart breaking it is to lose her daughter, murdered 13 years ago and still no idea on the murderer. She talks about how she is disappointed with the police because they don't take the case seriously enough. Her case is only one of the 200 unsolved murder cases about indigenous women, which clearly shows how little the effort the government takes to solve this situation, which really piss me off

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http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/06/19/aboriginal-art-canada_n_7539490.html

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explain what it is, shows different artists and their story

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explain what it is, shows different artists and their story

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http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/contemporary-aboriginal-art-in-canada/

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http://papunyatula.com.au/marking-the-infinite-contemporary-women-artists-from-aboriginal-australia/

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''Lerat is now 50 years old, and her story, while horrific, is not particularly unique. Between 2001 and 2012 the Aboriginal women inmate population increased by 109 percent. It continues to be the fastest growing inmate population in the country.'' -Vice (https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/5gj8vb/why-indigenous-women-are-canadas-fastest-growing-prison-population)

Women of aboriginal descent now make up more than 35 per cent of the female prison population -CBC (http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/aboriginal-women-now-make-up-one-third-of-canadian-female-prison-population-1.3089050)

(https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/for-indigenous-women-prisons-are-the-adult-version-of-residential-schools/article29388499/)

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"I was at home and the babysitter got on top of me," she said. "He told me if I didn't let him, he'd bother my sister."

She grew up being taught that you take care of your siblings no matter the cost, even the abuse. Lerat said she just "got used to it and shut down."

I picked these quotes since they don't shy away from the real issues. As i keep reading one thing keeps coming back, to the justice system aboriginal women are simply little Indian girls who run away from home and have no self-control (prostitution). They don't dare ask these women about their past or their troubles.

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https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1424878959521/1446129894865
I chose this website because I was reassured that some people do take action like the Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada who take care of aboriginal family'seducation, safety, etc.

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https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/prime-targets-serial-killers-and-indigenous-women/article27435090/

https://www.ccnsa-nccah.ca/444/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder_(PTSD),_anxiety_and_depression_among_Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada.nccah

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Dawn Harvard, president of the Native Women’s Association of Canada, says that the justice system lacks the understanding of aboriginal women, that racism, poverty and the confinement in a territory are the leading factors of the number of aboriginal women in prison.

''young indigenous women are winding up with criminal records for attempting to protect their children in child welfare disputes.''

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''For indigenous women, prisons are the adult version of residential schools''