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David Buckingham believes young people uses the media to help make sense of their experiences. He believes due to the changes in media, it also changes identities, especially in young people. In relation to the genre of romance, David Buckingham believes the media portrays relationships mostly in a bad way which then would affect individual young people into taking it forward and applying it into their lives.

An example would be the film 'Mean Girls', this film is targeted towards young people, mainly female audiences and is quite popular amongst the girls. This film enforces Buckingham's theory as most of the scenes and script consists of things which the girls think is right and wrong to do in high school, there are a lot of 'slang' words which the characters say such as 'Grool' - When u like a guy and 'fraitors' - friends who secretly hate you. Young people who hear these words are influenced as they may then pick up the words and use it in their daily lives. This follows Buckingham's theory as young people are still immature and won't know what is right and wrong,  therefore easily manipulated by media.

The film mean girls is a popular film amongst girls and teenagers who are born in the 20th century, this film is still re-watched by young people as it is amusing and entertaining to watch. Other than picking up bad terminology and sayings from the characters, the film does challenge Buckingham's theory, as this film doesn't only teach young people bad things in life but also good things, an example would be a dialogue from a character "You all have got to stop calling yourselves sluts and whores...", this dialogue is quite self explanatory and teaches viewers of a young age to not call themselves these weak subjective names, as it shows there isn't female empowerment in the community, if females perceive themselves as these names, guys will also take advantage of that and interpret females as just 'sluts' and 'whores' as well, males will then look down on females.

Overall, I think media can affect young people in both bad and good aspects of life, and I do agree to Buckingham's theory that young people are easily manipulated from media which changes their identities, this is because young people are still at the age where they are still developing, growing and learning new things in life, because of this there will be good and bad things which they will pick up from the media.

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The last identified need is Information and education, this allows the audience to find out and learn about the events happening around the world.

A romance film which is based on a real life event is the film 'A beautiful mind'. This film is based a talent mathematician and noble prize winner, John Nash, who suffered schizophrenia. The film shows the love life of John Nash and how he battled his illness and difficulties in life whilst being able to hold a public figure and achieve amazing achievements in life. Those who are a fan of Nash will watch this film, by watching this film they are educated and given information of Nash's life from a first persons perspective.
Other films in the genre of romance who informs and educates the audience are films such as, The invisible women, Walk the line, The new world, Eat Pray Love and so on.

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The identified needs of personal identity allows the audience to compare their lives with the audience and situations within the media text.

For the genre of romance it is often easy for the audience to compare their lives with the characters as the narratives of romance films are mostly based on real life experiences and feelings, romance films with the sub genre of drama enforces this.

A romance film which the audience may be able to compare to is the film 'Before we go'. This film is based on the journey of two strangers, they start off as convenient acquaintances and the two soon grow into each other and trust in one another. They go through events where they help each other confront their fears and take control of their lives. The narrative of this film allows the audience to compare their life with the characters and situations in the plot when it comes to overcoming your personal fears. Everyone has fears in life and due to this the audience will be able to relate to the characters and feel the same as them. The audience will result in comparing their own fears with the fears shown within the characters, when the narrative shows where the characters are confronting their fears, the audience will also think of ways in which they can possibly confront the fears they have, this most likely happens to films with the genre of romance drama. As the narrative and daily lives of the characters will be realistic to the audience.

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Before We Go Official Trailer #1 (2015) - Chris Evans Romance Movie HD

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The audience may use the media to fulfil their need for companionship, and to create relationships with others who may share the same interest and morals.They then become part of a social group they fit in with.

The audience may share the same interest and morals as others when it comes to watching
films of the genre of romance drama. There are various of different romantic films which teaches the audience about relationships and that some relationships won't always work out like the typical romance and happily ever after film. The genre romance is very broad, lots of sub categories can come under it, therefore many people may watch the same film for the same reason due to a specific plot that may interest them. A film the audience may watch with their close friends is 'My best friend's wedding', friends are most likely to watch this together as they are able to relate to the relationship between the two main characters. The narrative of this film is about two best friends, they make a pact where is they are both still single at the age of 28, they will marry each other, however one of them ends up marrying and moving on. This news made the other friend realise she loved him all along.

Audiences who like to watch a film they can relate to may watch the film together due to the shared interest. Watching a film with a person who shares the same interest makes the film more fun to watch. It encourages people to communicate with one another and share their opinions, therefore improving relationships.

Those who watch the film may share the same moral of letting go when relationships don't end up they way they want it to. The audience may also feel that if you let go it will leave a room for you to start a new beginning and search for a new happiness, as it is not the end of the world. These shared morals are learnt from the film and those who don't agree to these morals are likely to not watch the film as it clashes with what the audience think is right and wrong, therefore those who watch similar films have similar opinions and views of relationships, or else they wouldn't be able to emphasise with the characters. which is the aim for most romantic films.

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my best friends wedding Trailer (HD - Best Quality)

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http://TheTrailerSite.com for more HD trailers My Best Friend's Wedding (tristar) Director: P.J. Hogan Cast: Julia Roberts, Dermot Mulroney, Cameron Diaz, Rupert Everett, Philip Bosco Plot: When a woman's long-time friend says he's engaged, she realizes she loves him herself... and sets out to get him, with only days before the wedding.

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The Uses and Gratification theory uses the media to fulfil needs and motivation for the audience, it spilt into 4 categories:
- Entertainment and Diversion
-  Personal Relationships/social interaction
- Personal identity
- Information and Education

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An example of entertainment and diversion is the film, Love actually. This film has a sub genre of comedy, with its main genre being romance. It is a film showing the different relationships in peoples lives, this may be relationships with your partner, family members and friends. It portrays these relationships in a funny way where they are shown in absurd situations. The film is based in a seasonal time of the year, Christmas is known as a happy and at ease celebration therefore leaving the same impact for the audience when they watch the film. This film conforms to the identified needs of entertainment and diversion as it is a film which does not require much thinking, it is a relaxing film which entertains the audience with aspects of silly scenes. It gives the audience escapism, allowing the them to do something.

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Christmas is coming ;) A więc (;p) nadchodzą święta i można sobie przypomnieć świąteczną komedię z dobrymi aktorami ;)

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This genre may not appeal to passive audiences as they may be obsessed with the idea of love and their fantasies, romance films with an incomplete love will make the audience feel depressed that they may also have an unrequited relationship and struggle to find love. Therefore the audience will not be passive when the ending is tragic and sad.

An example of a romance film would be The fault in our stars, this film has a sub genre of drama which shows the possible outcome of people with an illness, the main male character dies and a supporting character is eternally blind. This is an unlikely ending but reality for people with cancer. The audience does not wish for a sad ending in their lives, therefore will not seek their partner to pass away and for this reason the audience  question themselves if this tragic ending will happen to themselves, but they will not believe in it as they think it is unlikely to happen.

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The Fault In Our Stars | Official Trailer [HD] | 20th Century FOX

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The hypodermic needle model considers the that the audiences opinion is not relevant as society is made up of isolated individuals who are easily manipulated by media texts, therefore accepting what the media tells them without questioning.

Looking at this theory, the genre of romance would sometimes make the audience passive. In particularly, females, as society has manipulated that females can be seen as weak, therefore crying is acceptable for females, however for men society has brought up males hearing the phrase 'boys don't cry' as they are seen as weak if they do. This made it unacceptable for males to express their emotions as freely as females are able to. Therefore, females are able to be happy and content with accepting the various relationships between characters. It makes the female audiences think they are also able to be in a relationship like the couples in the films and have their own love story. This causes them to do things which are shown in romance films which is perceiving what is the ideal couple. An example would be the film, The wedding date. This film is based on a female who is looking for a man as she does not want to stay single forever, she then so happens to meet a guy who teaches her various things and lets her experience what a couple would do and feel in their day to day lives. The audience will be passive when it comes to romance films similar to this narrative as not only does the male character teaches the female character about relationships but it also puts the audience into perspective and teaches the audience as well. Due to this it makes the audience believe what in whatever the male character says and puts themselves in the perspective of the female character without questioning.

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The Wedding Date Official Trailer #1 - Dermot Mulroney Movie (2005) HD

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Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Subscribe to CLASSIC TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u43jDe Like us on FACEBOOK: http://goo.gl/dHs73 Follow us on TWITTER: http://bit.ly/1ghOWmt The Wedding Date Trailer - Directed by Clare Kilner and starring Dermot Mulroney, Jack Davenport, Jeremy Sheffield, Peter Egan, Jolyon James.

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The genre of romance, does not always follow the theory of Richard Dyer, some films do not conform to 'Utopian Solutions', resulting in the film to have a sad or bad ending. Some examples would be The reader, Miss you already, Titanic and The promise etc.

Titanic is a well known film with an unhappy ending, it was released in 1997 and is still re-watched in the 21st century by all ages. Towards the end of the film the ship sinks, Jack and Rose are then put into a critical condition whilst soaking in the cold ocean water, Jack dies first, followed by Rose. This is a tragic ending because both the main characters die and are unable to live happily together, continuing on their love. The effect of challenging Richard Dyer's theory leaves a massive impact on the audience, it left the audience feeling empathetic towards the characters, causing them to cry and feel sad due to the tragic ending. Titanic is still a famous romance film around the world, it is well known for a tragic storyline and this was due to challenging the 'Utopian Solutions'.

Both happy and sad endings leaves some sort of emotional impact on the audience, therefore making the audience being able to remember it after a few years. However, in my opinion, films with a sad ending are much more effective to the audience as compared to happy endings, although happy endings do satisfy the audience and complete the audiences fantasies, sad endings leaves a much bigger impact on the audience as sad endings are unexpected and can be mind blowing.

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The theorist, Richard Dyer believes the audience wants media products that offer them "Utopian Solutions" to their problems, this offers the image of 'something better' which sets against the realities of day to day existence. It is seen as a fantasy escape from reality.
The genre of romance offers 'Utopian Solutions'. An example would be the film 'A Cinderella Story', the film ends with the main male and female characters living happily ever after, which is very much similar to the folk story, Cinderella, as this film was based off a famous fairy tale. At the start of the film there is an equilibrium, showing the day to day life of Sam, the disequilibrium of the film then appears where she is shown treated poorly by her step mother and step sisters. The character is stuck in this reality as they are her family members . The 'Utopian Solution' appears when she meets Austin , who is in search for Sam to return the phone back to her. It ends with a happy ending when Austin and Sam supports each other in their daily problems, they go to prom together and end up moving together. Sam also quits the dining, leaving her step mother and sisters.

The use of 'Utopian Solutions' in the genre of romance, pleases the audience for what they expect the ending of the film to end with, which is the 'perfect and ideal world', in other words a happy ending. The audience would not want to see a film which is much similar to their day to day activities, they would want to see a film with a twist in the narrative and a hero to save the poor girl from reality. The audience fantasises for a happy ending in their own lives, so they would want to see a romance film interpreting their fantasies.

Other examples enforcing the theory of Richard Dyer includes, Ella enchanted, 16 wishes, The wedding planner etc.

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A Cinderella Story (2004) Official Trailer - Hilary Duff, Jennifer Coolidge Movie HD