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Thank you for making such a wonderful poster. I really like your design and layout of these modules. In addition, this text is also very interesting. I paused many times while watching it, and trying to understand the meaning of each "mate" the hero said. Fortunately, your analysis is also very detailed, which provided me with great help in understanding this concept.

Question 1:
There are many address terms like "mate" in Chinese culture, one of which I find very interesting is "家人们".
According to the information I have learned, the anchors are the group that used this address term earlier, and they often call their fans this way. With the rapid development of the live broadcast industry, the application of this address term has gradually become widespread.
If it is directly translated into English, that should be "family members", which can be used in a very wide range. For example, in the screenshot I put above, it can be used in the context of "complaining". Besides, before asking the other one for help, in order to close the relationship between each other, you can also use this term.

Question 2:
Yes.
When I get along with good friends of the same gender, I often use "亲爱的" which means "honey" or "darling" in English to call each other (friends of the opposite gender are generally not called this way). But one of my good friends is a lesbian and has a very beautiful and gentle girlfriend.
The first time I saw her girlfriend was in a party, she suddenly said "Honey", and then her girlfriend and I answered "what?" at the same time.
Everyone was quiet and looked at me in confusion, I could even feel that the air was full of embarrassment, and then I realized that she was calling her girlfriend but not me! I promise that if I have enough money, I have now already immigrated to another planet where no one on earth knows me and knows my embarrassing experience.

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Zijing Wang 1135122
Jiaxuan Du  1121394
Yuhan Li      1150218
Bing Lu        1143173

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Rendle-Short, J. (2009). The Address Term Mate in Australian English: Is It Still a Masculine Term? 

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4.2.2#Identity-Identity difference influences the use of 'mate'

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4.2.2#Identity-Identity difference influences the use of 'mate'

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There is another interesting part. During the interview with a female reporter, we found that she used ‘mate’ only once and it was still used to repeat. This may be because she has two identities, one is a female, the other is a reporter.

According to the survey results of Rendle-Short (2009), it is found that Australian women use ‘mate’ less frequently than men. Moreover, out of professionalism and formality of the occasion, a reporter will consciously avoid using oral and casual expressions like 'mate'.

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The word “mate” in this sentence, combined with the context and the other components of the sentence, means to agree, to approve.

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In this sentence, the main role of “mate” becomes an exclamation. There is no specific object or role to be addressed, but only to express exclamation and seek approval of the situation.

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The word "mate" in this sentence means a close, friendly friend, with the idea of helping each other and getting along well.

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The mate in this phrase is what "the bloke" called the man in the video when he warned him. Clayman (2012) argued that the address term is completely redundant in a two-person interaction. Therefore its function lies primarily in interpersonal relations. Combined with the other components of the sentence, it is clear that “mate” in this type of sentence carries a warning, a threatening connotation.

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Spencer-Oatey (2010) used rapport management to describe the management of interpersonal relationships in society. In the illocutionary domain, the most important thing is what speech acts are expressed.  According to statistics, the speech acts expressed by the "mate" in the video can be broadly classified into the following categories.

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4.2.1#Identity-Different identities lead to various meanings of 'mate'

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4.2.1#Identity-Different identities lead to various meanings of 'mate'

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According to Bowe et al. (2014), a certain identity is constructed by the fixed expectations of society, and the specific way of speaking in the interaction is an important channel for constructing social identity. Therefore, different identities lead to various meanings of 'mate' in this video.

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Chinese marveled at the frequency with which the Australian used "mate" as a address term in the video, because in Chinese culture, it is hard to find a address that can be used in such a wide range of ways and with such a variety of meanings. Therefore, this padlet uses the following video as a reference to analyze the background of the occurrence of "mate" as an address term , and the different ways and meanings of its use in conversations.

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Historically,the term has been identified with attitudes of equality, solidarity, camaraderie and friendship (e.g. Turner 1972; Ward 1966; Wierzbicka 1997) frequently used by diggers and troops in the late-eighteenth and early-twentieth century (Ward 1966; Wilkes1993). As such, it was typically identified as a masculine term used by males and for males, particularly when partaking in ‘some corporate activity’

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"if a word had to be nominated as a key word in Traditional Australian culture, few would hesitate to nominate “mate”... It is the key to the Australian spirit, the Australian national character."

----Wierzbicka(1997:101)

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3. Main Text - Interview with Daniel McConnell

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3. Main Text - Interview with Daniel McConnell

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Aussie hero Daniel McConnell recounts how he helped police catch a vandal in nothing but his jocks.

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Aussiest. Interview. Ever. What a legend!

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4.1 #Indexicality-Different use of ‘mate’ in different situation 

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4.1 #Indexicality-Different use of ‘mate’ in different situation 

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Higginbotham (2019) stated that an indexical expression is a word or phrase that is associated with different meanings on different contexts.

Direct Indexicality, Mate

Direct indexicality is a meaning relationship that holds directly between language and the stance, act, activity, or identity indexed (Mey, 1998). An illustration of this process can be seen in the Australia-English address term mate.

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The definition of mate used as a term has changed dramatically.

In the First (1933) and second (1989) editions of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), “mate” as a term of address is defined as a form of address used by a sailor, labourer, etc .

In the Oxford English Dictionary's third Edition (2006), the words sailor and labourer have completely disappeared, and “mate” is defined as "a form of address to a person, especially a man, regarded as an equal".

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'Mate' can be as a term of reference, as in 'She is my best mate'. It is almost like a term of endearment, particularly useful for addressing their friends, male or female, of a similar age.

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'Mate' as an address term shows its function in this comment. It is a pronoun to call everyone without concerning gender at present.

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In this comment, words that typically indicate friendliness, such as 'friendly' and 'neighborhood', are associated with 'mate', reflecting the role of mate in the rapport management that expresses intimacy.