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Assignment 1 - Investigating Graphic File Formats & Applications Task 1: File Formats - Unit 54 (P1 Part 1)

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Assignment 1 - Investigating Graphic File Formats & Applications Task 1: File Formats - Unit 54 (P1 Part 1)

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JPEG is a compressed image file format, it got it's name from the committee that developed the format. JPEG can be opened by most imagine editing software from Microsoft Paint to Adobe Photoshop and is often used on the World Wide Wed. JPEG images are not limited to a certain amount of colour (where as GIF images are) so the JPEG format is the best kind of format for compressing photographic images.

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A PNG is an extensible file format for the portable and well-compressed storage of raster images, that supports lossless data compression. This is a type of data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be reconstructed perfectly from the compressed data. PNG is designed to work well in online viewing applications such as the World Wide Web. It is suitable for a number of things including icons, areas of colour, logos and transparent of semitransparent images. Some of the supporting softwares are Digital Image Pro, Fireworks, Paint Shop Pro and also Photoshop.

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TIFF files are a common file format for images, specifically i,mages that are used in graphic design. The good thing about TIFF files is that they can be saved without being compressed to a lower size file. They are commonly used in print designs and desktop publishing softwares because they are able to store a large amount of high quality images such as photos. Photoshop, InDesign, Publisher and Irfanview are all programmes that are compatible with TIFF files, but you can also open TIFF files in any Word, PageMaker or QuarkXPress and print out the files.

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BMP format is a commonly used raster graphic format for saving image files. Although it was introduced by Windows it is now compatible on many programs on both Macs and PCs. This particular format can store colour data for every pixel in the image without any compression. On Windows BMP is compatible with a number of programs, some being; Photoshop, Adboe Illustrator, PaintShop Pro, Graphics Suite, Microsoft Windows Photo Viewer and many others. On Mac BMP is compatible with Apple Preview, ACD Systems, Photoshop, Adboe Illustrator, Roxio Toast and a few others.

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GID images are used for creating very low resolution files, they are a lossless format for image files that supports both animated and static images. They support transparency, which allows you to place your gif over any colour background without seeing a border. Using GIF for photos is not recommended as they a limited to 256 colours, or in some cases even less than that. You would mainly use a GIF file format for logos and graphics that have solid areas of colour. They can also be created on a number of different graphic applications, they are commonly used for website animations since the images within a GIF file can be animated.

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A file that has a PSD extension is an Adobe Photoshop Document file. PSD files can be opened and also edited in Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Photoshop Elements and PaintShop Pro. You can also view the PSD files in Apple's QuickTime Picture Viewer however you are not able to edit this. As some people don't have the money to buy Photoshop to view their PSD files there are some ways around this; Paint.NET PSD Plugin allows you to edit and view these type of files.

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EPS is a standard format for importing and exporting PostScript language files, normally a single page PostScript program that describes an illustration, it is often used for transferring files between various graphic applications. PostScript code is used for storing font and vector image information, vector images tend to be drawings that are created in programs such as Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW. Compatible with many programmes across MAc, Windows and Linux; Adobe Illustrator CC, Apple Preview, Photoshop, Microsoft Word, InDesign, PaintShop Pro, QuarkXPress, XnWiewMP, Scribus and lots more.

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PDF is an open standard for electronic document exchange, so when you convert a document to PDF it will look just like it would if they were to be printed. Unlike printable document PDF files can contain clickable links and buttons as well as audio and video. Commonly used for e-mail attachments or even for saving publications if a viewing format for multiple computers. This format can work on a number of different programmes; Apple Preview, Adobe Reader, Skim, Google Chrome, LULU Soda, Foxit Reader and any web browser with an Adobe REader plug-in.

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AI is a type of file extension used for vector graphic files that is used in an Adobe Illustrator drawing. This format is extremely limited, highly simplified subset of EPS (Encapsulated PostScript). There are many different types of programs that support AI files, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe After Effect, Cinema 4D, DrawPlus, Inkscape, Photoshop and many more.

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A DXF is another file extension used for graphic imaging, normally used with AutoCAD (Computer Assisted Drafting) software. It is a two-dimensional graphics file that was developed by Autodesk for permitting data interoperability between AutoCAD and other programmes. Like many other file formats this is also compatible with many programmes on MAc and Windows some of which are; Autodesk AutoCAAD, IMSI TurboCAD, Microsoft DWG Viewer, Adobe Illustrator CC, Autodesk DWG, Adobe Illustrator, Serif DrawPlus and many others.

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SCG files store two-dimensional graphics and is based on the XML markup language. What this means is that even thought he file contains an image the file is actually stored in a text-based format. These type of files can be compressed, but one compressed the file will contain the .svgz extension. The SCG file format was created by the World Wide Web Consortium as a standard way in which to display vector graphics on the internet. Compatible with Adobe Illustrator, Flash Player, Flash Professional, InDesign, Microsoft Visio, Serif DrawPlus GIMP and many more across Mac's Windows' and Linux.

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This file format is most commonly associated with CGM 2D graphic files, this format is a vector graphics format that allows uses to send 2D vector graphics across a variety of platforms. The CGM file format is mainly used for technical applications such as engineering. Can be compatible in programmes such as IMSI TurboCAD, AppleWorks, Adobe Illustrator, ACD Systems Canvas, Paint Shop Pro IrfanView and other across Mac and Windows.

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WMF files contain a series of drawing operations that are used to create vector images and raster graphics. It was initially created in the 90's but this particular image format has been widely replaced by more recent and also versatile image file formats that include JPG and GIF. WMF contains a series of drawing operations that include commands for drawing lines, circles and rectangles. Some programmes that open WMF files are Adobe Illustrator, IMSI TurboCAD, CorelDRAW, Microsoft Windows Photo Viewer, Microsoft Picture It, Inkscape, GIMP and more.

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EMF is a spool (simultaneous peripheral operations online) file format that is used in printing by the Windows operating system. This type of format is device independent, so the dimensions of a graphic are maintained on the printed copy regardless of the resolution in "dots per inch" of the printer. Some of the programmes these files are compatible on are; Microsoft Office, Adobe Illustrator, Echo One File Juicer, PaintShop Pro, Microsoft Windows Picture and Fax Viewer, Apache OpenOffice and more across Linux, Windows and Mac.

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CGI is a set of rules for running scripts or programmes on a web server. It specifies what information can be transmitted once it has been communicated between the web server and clients' web browsers. These files are typically stored in the "cgi-bin" folder within a websites directory and can only be edited if it is not pre-compiled. They are often used for running basic web scripts, like e-mails from a web form and rotating advertisements within a website. Compatible with programmes such as Bare Bones, MacroMAtes TextMate, Microsoft Notepad and any other text editor.

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A DOC file is a digital document file that has been created by earlier versions of Microsoft Word. From 2007 and onwards if you create a document in word the extensions tends to be .DOCX format. The DOC format is one of the most popular formats for a computer-created word-processing document as these files can contains text, pictures, graphs and charts. Compatible with Mac and Windows on Microsoft Word.

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A WMV file is a compressed video format that was developed for Internet streaming applications by Microsoft. A lot of videos that you find on the internet use the WMV format, this is because this type of file allows for large files to be converted into smaller files but it still protects the quality of the video within the file. Some of the compatible programmes are Eltima Elmedia Player, QuickTime Player, Microsoft Windows Player, Windows Media Player, CyberLink, Roxio, Macca Studios WMV Player, Applian Replay Converter and more.

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This type of format is often used to save movie files and other video clips to your hard drive or an external media device. It is used by QuickTime media software that is distributed by apple, when the files are saved they are compressed which makes it easier to download and stream the videos from the internet to your computer. Majority of the movies and videos that are available on the internet tend to be distributed in a MOV format. Some of the supporting programmes of this format are Eltima Elmedia Player, Roxio Popcorn, Microsoft Windows Media, CyberLink, MIKSOFT Mobile Media Converter and some more.

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A ZIP file is a "zipped" or compressed file, this tends to happen when you want to download or sent a large amount of data, it will compress it and "zip" it together into a smaller archive. ZIP files take up less hard drive space and takes less time to transfer to another computer, this is why most windows files that you find on the internet are compressed files. Compatible with many programmes; Corel WinZip, Smith Micro Stufflt, Dare to be Creative Archiver, PeaZip, WinRAR, funzip, unzip, File Roller and more.

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WAV is an audio format used to store sound and data, though it is similar to the AIFF format, this one is based on the RIFF format. Each WAV file contains one or more chunks to which they store audio data or other information. It allows audio recordings to be saved with different sampling rates and bitrates. This type of format is compatible with many programmes on Mac, Windows and Linux some of the programmes are iTunes, QuickTime Player, Adobe Audition, Clementine, Microsoft Windows Music, Microsoft Windows Media Player, Real Player, XMMS and any other music player.

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HTML is the language in which web pages are written, web pages must conform to the rules of the HTML code in order to be properly formatted in a web page. Because HTM files are saved as a standard text format, they can be opened in any basic text editor to be edited. Other programmes that can open HTML files are Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe ColdFusion Builder, Microsoft Visual Web Developer, Notepad ++, Scream and some other programmes on Mac Windows, Linux and iOS.

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File that contain the TXT extension are files that store unformatted generic text contents. This means that these files can be created by any text editing or word processing application - the only downfall is that this format does not support features or functions (tables, graphics, bolding or italics). This format is compatible with Mac, Windows, Linux, iOS and even Android, some of the programmes include TextEdit, Bare Bones, Microsoft Word, Microsoft NOtepad, Microsoft WordPad, Leafpad, KWrite, MobiSystems OfficeSuit and many many more.

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MPEG's are compressed movies that can contain audio and video. Many trailers you see on the internet use the format MPEG as when you compress the video it doesn't ruin the quality in the uncompressed video. Compatible with Mac and Windows in the following programmes; Microsoft Windows Media Player, QuickTime Player, iTunes, Roxio Creator NXT, Roxio Popcorn, Roxio Toast and any other movie player.

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Assignment 1 - Investigating Graphic File Formats & Applications Task 2: Applications (P1, M1, D1)

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Assignment 1 - Investigating Graphic File Formats & Applications Task 2: Applications (P1, M1, D1)

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Most of the images that you see on your computer screen are raster graphics. Raster graphics are made up of a grid of pixels, which are mostly referred to as bitmap - this is why when you enlarge a picture it sometimes goes pixelated. The larger the image is the more disk space it will take up, for example a image that is 640 x 480 will need 307,200 pixels of storage however it is possible to scale down the graphic without losing any quality. Typically the file extensions used for raster graphics are .BMP, .TIF, .GIF and .JPG, and are printed in HI-RES at 300dpi (dots per inch). An advantage of this type of graphic are the way the data analysis is easy to programme and quick to perform too. A disadvantage of the raster graphics most of the grid-cell systems don't have the high-quality that the graphic needs. Can be used in the following programmes: CinePaint, GIMP, KolourPaint, Shutter, Picasa, XPaint and some others.

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Vector files store graphics as objects, this is why when you zoom in on vector images it is clearer than a Raster. Vector graphics tend to be used for logos, charts, icons, typefaces or any other hard edged graphic. The file extensions used are .AI, .EPS, .PDF, .SVG and can be printed at a SOURCE file. An advantage of this is since most data e.g. hard copy maps, are in vector form there is no need to convert the file. A disadvantage of this is continuous data can not effectively be represented in vector form. Can be used in programmes such as Inkscape, Skencil, KToon, Potrace, Corel Draw, Geist and many more.

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Metafile is a term for a file format in which can store multiple types of data, this includes graphic file formats which can contain raster, vector and type data. A common use for these type of files is to provide support for computer graphics operating systems; windows uses Meta file and Mac uses PDF. A vector image that contains an object which has a bitmap pattern applied as a fill would be classified as a metafile. Metafile formats include WMF, EMF and CGM.

There are two different type of metafiles, the first type is a file that describes the contents of a file, this type of metafile tends to contain metadata. The second type of meta file is most often used in computer graphics these files define objects and images using a list of coordinates. Typically used for vector images such as Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW, EPS files and can include raster images as well. An advantage of this is the CGM metafile will function on any type of operating system. A disadvantage of this file format is they are very limited in their machine-independence. Changing the printer format might change the outcome of the image, especially if you use fonts that are not installed in another computer.