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Conclusion - spend roughly 10 minutes on your conclusion, summarising your overall arguments and answering the question as a whole of how language has changed over time.

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Paragraphs - spend roughly 15-20 minutes on each paragraph, giving yourself enough time to go into detail on each chosen feature. Don't forget to mention theories!

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Intro - spend roughly 5 minutes on the introduction. Keep it brief, mentioning MAFF.

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Annotations - spend roughly 10-20 minutes annotating both texts either at the very start of the exam, or one at a time.

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Throughout Text C, the doctor uses pointing. '...soon an yow will: taking it in a manner following,' This is a method that was done before standardisation in 1755; writers would use a colon as opposed to a comma to break down there sentences. The doctor uses this 4 times throughout his letter, whereas, in text D which is a modern text, it is not used at all. This is because Text D, follows the grammar rules that Robert Lowth created. The doctor that wrote the letter, starts 3 of his paragraphs and multiple sentences with connectives, particularly the lexis 'and'. He wrote 'But because your body...' to open his first paragraph', his 2nd paragraph starts with 'And, the day after that'. This questions prescriptivism, because prescriptivists say that language used to be better, than it is now but this letter disproves that, because using a connectives to start sentences is not seen as good english writing. The lexis choices in Text D are much better as this was written way after standardisation. The doctor uses complex sentences the majority of the time in his letter, these are sentences that are broken up by grammar which would not make sense on there own. This shows the doctor is well educated with language, although they lack knowledge of standardisation. He uses a range of sentence types along side complex

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Throughout Text C, the doctor uses pointing. '...soon an yow will: taking it in a manner following,' This is a method that was done before standardisation in 1755; writers would use a colon as opposed to a comma to break down there sentences. The doctor uses this 4 times throughout his letter, whereas, in text D which is a modern text, it is not used at all. This is because Text D, follows the grammar rules that Robert Lowth created. The doctor that wrote the letter, starts 3 of his paragraphs and multiple sentences with connectives, particularly the lexis 'and'. He wrote 'But because your body...' to open his first paragraph', his 2nd paragraph starts with 'And, the day after that'. This questions prescriptivism, because prescriptivists say that language used to be better, than it is now but this letter disproves that, because using a connectives to start sentences is not seen as good english writing. The lexis choices in Text D are much better as this was written way after standardisation. The doctor uses complex sentences the majority of the time in his letter, these are sentences that are broken up by grammar which would not make sense on there own. This shows the doctor is well educated with language, although they lack knowledge of standardisation. He uses a range of sentence types along side complex

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The language in text C is very formal as it’s a letter from a doctor to a patient. These lexical choices show the formality of the subject. The doctor stays relevant with the semantic field of illness and helping the patient. He uses nouns and adjectives such as ‘Physick’ (medicine), ‘possetale’ (a medical drink) and ‘bounde’ (constipated). These terms show the formality of this letter and how it is an impersonal relationship.  Also, these nouns are no longer part of the English Language or medical terms, this shows how language has adapted and changed over time.
Similarly, text D stays relevant again to the subject of health. They include likewise the semantic field around health with terms such as ‘diet’, ‘medical needs’ and ‘well balanced’. These more modern nouns use persuasive lexis, encouraging the reader to be more conscious about their health.  Within 'well balanced', 'well' is also pre-modification for 'balanced'.
From the comparison of the two texts lexical choices, we can support the crumbling castle theory that some word we no longer use and have been replaced as the English language develops.

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Both the texts follow varying discourse features, dependent on the mode of the text. Text C is a letter, following the opening discourse feature of 'For Mrs Bridges', addressing the letter to a specific person. Opposing this, a usual letter would end with wording similar to 'Yours Sincerely, *name*', though this one finishes with an inspirational sentence; 'you must endeavour to be cheerefull'. The letter is separated into paragraphs, which is to be expected from a doctor, who would have knowledge of writing formally. The printing press, by William Caxton, had been invented in 1476, though because it is a personal letter and not a public text such as a newspaper, it is most likely handwritten. The topic of conversation of the letter shifts from medicine taking, ('when yow come home yow may begin with the Physick') to suggested diet ('be carefull in your diet'), which is managed well, therefore proving it supports Grice's Maxim of Relevance. This is because it is always kept relevant to what is meant to be talked about between the doctor and the patient. Pointing is clearly used in this text, including mostly ':', which replaces conjunctions as a way of connecting the senteces. Using pointing usually means there is a topic change, without having to end the sentence and start a new one ('or fruites : But for sallets'). It uses capitalisation which implies it starts a new sentence. Text D has different discourse features, this is most likely because it is from a booklet rather than in the form of a letter. Text D shows pictures, titles and subtitles which links in the standard layout of an information booklet. The typeface used shares the same font, but is represented in different sizes and some are in bold. This could be an example of language change and standardisation, which links in with the Descriptivist view that there is nothing wrong with language change. This opposes the Crumbling Castle View by Jean Aitchison which is shown in Text C that language should be preserved and to not allow change. Another discourse feature would be bullet points and lists to include a range of examples, such as '-plenty of fruits and vegetables'. No pointing is used at all in this text, showing that language has evidently standardised.

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Text D clearly shows how much language has changed from text C. At this point all spelling is standardised. For example the concrete noun “meat” is mentioned. In text C it is spelt “meatte”, previously having an extra ‘te’ on the end. This could have resulted in a different pronunciation of the noun as well, as sometimes adding extra letters can completely change a word, such as with the word ‘knight’. We don’t pronounce the ‘k’ in the word, so the saying of the word is completely different to the spelling. This shows how far language has progressed over the last 400 odd years, as the way we spell it now is much simpler and is also spelt the same by everyone who writes English. Prescriptivists would go against this as they believe that language should be the same as the golden age of language, as it was the era, which they think was the perfect time. The language changing supports the crumbling castle theory as it is crumbling away from what is once was, changing the way we speak in modern times. Descriptivist’s on the other hand would encourage this change, as it is evolving with the change in time, so that language effectively doesn’t sound odd and out of place in the modern times. 

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Text D clearly shows how much language has changed from text C. At this point all spelling is standardised. For example the concrete noun “meat” is mentioned. In text C it is spelt “meatte”, previously having an extra ‘te’ on the end. This could have resulted in a different pronunciation of the noun as well, as sometimes adding extra letters can completely change a word, such as with the word ‘knight’. We don’t pronounce the ‘k’ in the word, so the saying of the word is completely different to the spelling. This shows how far language has progressed over the last 400 odd years, as the way we spell it now is much simpler and is also spelt the same by everyone who writes English. Prescriptivists would go against this as they believe that language should be the same as the golden age of language, as it was the era, which they think was the perfect time. The language changing supports the crumbling castle theory as it is crumbling away from what is once was, changing the way we speak in modern times. Descriptivist’s on the other hand would encourage this change, as it is evolving with the change in time, so that language effectively doesn’t sound odd and out of place in the modern times. 

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Text C is a written letter from a doctor to his patient, Mrs Bridges, his purpose being to inform and instruct her on her health. Text D is a extract from a healthy eating booklet published by Public Health England, with a purpose of informing and persuading their readers to lead a healthier lifestyle. The field for both texts involves health advice.