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portrays how alliances

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This caricature made in 1906, portrays the kaiser and

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-The satirical cartoon is a great representation of the Race for naval power between Germany and Britain.
-It emphasises the point that no matter what Germany put forward Britain would be able to match them or beat them, hence the poker reference "raise" or "meet"
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The cartoon shows how they treated each other warily, with Britain frantically trying to stay ahead, technologically in their arms race of having a bigger navy. It shows the Keiser being confused, and Britain looking smug

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This source demonstrates how all of major powers were increasing there spending on increasing their military power.
This is coupled with the strain placed on alliances and their complexity, which would have led to intense

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Source A explains how the economic shift in the nations wealth, triggered the start of the war. As Germany was holding on to their money, France has plenty of wealth from investments and as Russia looks toward France for alliance, Germany then begin to develop a navy which strikes attention to the opposing parties

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Source A explains how the economic shift in the nations wealth, triggered the start of the war. As Germany was holding on to their money, France has plenty of wealth from investments and as Russia looks toward France for alliance, Germany then begin to develop a navy which strikes attention to the opposing parties

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A
Shows how the different countries push to militarise can be compared to bets being raised in a card game
- Shows asdfghjkl

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Source A:
-An extract from a book called 'World War One: A Short History' written by Norman Stone.
-Austria was Germany's ally, was interested in the Balkans, but so was Russia.
-Bismarck's balance of power was under threat.
-After Russia was unsuccessful in obtaining Russian support, they would turn to France who

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Source A describes the issue of alliances and the role it had in creating tensions.

In particular it describes the conflict between Austria and Russia over the Baulkans.

- Because of this, the Russians looked to France for aid and by 1884, they were allies.

- The Austrians were allied with Germany, who, as Source A stated, was looking to create a navy to assist the Austrians.

This source describes the role that alliances plays in Europe.

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As well as this, Napoleon caused some tensions within Europe, with his French Revolution ideals of: 

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As well as this, Napoleon caused some tensions within Europe, with his French Revolution ideals of: 

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- Liberty
-Fraternity
- Equality

Fortunately, Napoleon resulted in the Congress of Vienna and helped kick start Britain's industrialisation

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Entente France•	Fought with Germany over morocco and also lost the Franco Prussian war•	Fears Germany – allies with RussiaRussia•	Borders Germany, large army•	Big brother to Serbia•	Wants access to warm water ports in the Mediterranean sea Britain•	Largest empire and navy•	Arms race with Germany for the largest navySerbia•	Angry because Austria Hungary took over Bosnia•	Bosnian Black hand are ready to fight to unite all Slavic peopleCentral PowersGermany•	Wilhelm wants to get biggerAustria Hungary•	Slavic nationalism is threatening to break apart its empire •	Took over Bosnia, wants to take over Serbia and all Slavic peopleItaly•	Defensive alliance will help Germany and Austria Hungary if attackedTurkey

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Entente France•	Fought with Germany over morocco and also lost the Franco Prussian war•	Fears Germany – allies with RussiaRussia•	Borders Germany, large army•	Big brother to Serbia•	Wants access to warm water ports in the Mediterranean sea Britain•	Largest empire and navy•	Arms race with Germany for the largest navySerbia•	Angry because Austria Hungary took over Bosnia•	Bosnian Black hand are ready to fight to unite all Slavic peopleCentral PowersGermany•	Wilhelm wants to get biggerAustria Hungary•	Slavic nationalism is threatening to break apart its empire •	Took over Bosnia, wants to take over Serbia and all Slavic peopleItaly•	Defensive alliance will help Germany and Austria Hungary if attackedTurkey

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These tensions caused slavic nationalism in paticular between austria-Hungary and serbia

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These tensions caused slavic nationalism in paticular between austria-Hungary and serbia

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Germany becomes a major industrialized nation. This begins to threaten Britain as a super power. 

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Germany becomes a major industrialized nation. This begins to threaten Britain as a super power. 

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- Bismarck played a role in this. He unified Germany and the states within Germany.

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Germany

-competing with Britain as an Empire

-fighting for a larger Navy
-they want their own "spot in the sun"

Turkey

-losing Balkan lands to Russia

-fears of Russian takeover causes alliance with Germany

Italy

-rather neutral, willing to defend Germany

-later backflips

Austria-Hungary
-Empire that wants to expand, however their empire is rather multicultural, with many Slavic cultures turning on Austria-Hungary for independence.

-has had arguments with Russia due to Pan-Slavism

-historical political ties with Germany

-after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, they were given a "black cheque" by Germany, meaning they can do whatever they want and they will be backed

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- Triple Entente = Britain, France and Russia.
- Austria and Germany threatened to take Bulgaria.
- Military, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism

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the triple alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Turkey as the central powers against the Triple Entente (the allies) who were Britain, France and Russia. France gave up 2 rich provinces to Germany when they lost the Franco-Prussian War where as the Kaiser Wilhelm II wants to haave a large, rich colonial empire with plenty of raw materials, similar to Britain. then in 1882 Italy joins the German alliance with Austria and Great Britain, France, Russia join the Triple Entente - resulting in a balance of power among the nations.

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France

-gave up Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, suffered heavy past defeats

-fought with Germany over Morocco

Russia

-"sleeping giant" with a large army

-belief in Pan-Slavism (Slavic countries should be united)

-wanted a warm water port in the Balkans on the Mediterranean Sea

Britain

-largest Empire, largest Navy

-Germany is a trade competitor, "Arms race"

Serbia

-Angry over A-H taking over Bosnia

-Black Hand, ready to fight for all Slavic people

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Slavic nations - some wanted to split, some wanted to stay united, control over them would mean control of Europe.

Austria Hungary

·       Slavic nationalism is threatening to break apart its empire

·       Took over Bosnia, wants to take over Serbia and all Slavic people

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·     Nationalism: feelings of national pride (Austria, the powder keg)-form independent areas, cultural identity, language, traditions

·       Imperialism: competition for colonies in Africa/Asia led many European nations into direct conflict (the Boer War, between England and Holland=first time concentration camps were used), countries form empires to take over colonies for more raw materials, markets for trade, more land

·       Militarism: war is glorious, valid means of foreign policy (there hadn’t been a serious war in 100 years) 1918: improvement in army, better at killing people= 2.2 million soldiers Austria 810,000 people, big to help and protect their colonies around the world, also resulting in getting land, rubber

·       Alliance system: in secret, pulled outside countries (Germany knows what Russians do, as some of them understand the Russian language), very confusing, countries supporting other countries=united for military protection

·       Major players: France, Britain, Russia (triple entente)-Allies

·       France: gave up 2 rich provinces when losing the Franco Prussia war. Fought with Germany over Morroco

·       Russia: “the sleeping giant”, surrounding Germany, Pan slavism: big brother to Serbia

·       Britain: Largest Nave, “arms race”, competition to Germany

·       Serbia: angry that Austria took over Bosnia, “Black Hand” tried to unite the Slavic people

·   Central Powers: Germany, Italy, Hungary, Turkey

·    Germany: alliance with Austria

·    Austria: they hate Russia, Slavic is slowly going down, but they don’t want this to happen through their nationalism

·    Ultimatum: Austria to Serbia, Serbia agrees. Tsar Nicholas gives a blank cheque to Serbia

·     Italy: defensive allies

·     Austria-Hungary asks Germany for advice and Germany gives them a Blank Cheque – this means that they will support Austria even if it means war.

·   Serbia agrees to only parts of the        ultimatum, so Austria Hungary

·     declares war on Serbia

· Russia’s leader Tsar Nicholas II,gives Serbia a blank cheque (full support) and prepares for war against Austria Hungary

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The main cause for tensions at the turn of the century were the alliances, in paticular the triple entant 

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The main cause for tensions at the turn of the century were the alliances, in paticular the triple entant 

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-Because Britain had a powerful naval they controlled the sees and once Germany challenged this they felt threatened and would go to lengths to maintain their power.
-France was already frustrated at losing the Franco-Prussian war to Germany in 1871 and therefore building tensions between France and Germany. France wanted revenge or to get back at them.

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The assassination•	June 28 1914•	Arch duke Ferdinand assassinated with his wife•	By the Black Hand - Austria Hungary asks Germany for advice •	Germany gives them a blank check•	They will support them in anything, even war 

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The assassination•	June 28 1914•	Arch duke Ferdinand assassinated with his wife•	By the Black Hand - Austria Hungary asks Germany for advice •	Germany gives them a blank check•	They will support them in anything, even war 

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- Large countries undergoing massive military growth.
- France is angry at Germany for war result.
- The idea that all Slavic nations should be united.
- MILITARISM  - The policy of building a strong force
- People in many countries looked at war as a glorious adventure
-  Using war to get more power such as colonies, land, raw materials
Alliances

- United group for military protection.

- Countries in Europe looked for friends to help in times of war.

-          Secret alliances pulled outside counties into the war

-          England, France, Russia

-          Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey

-          A group of countries unite for military protection

-          Countries in Europe looked for friends for support if a war started

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tensions in Europe were rising and so was the level of technology, in specific, Germany and their naval fleet. Germany began to go crazy with their development of their navy and this put Great Britain on edge as they were the naval superpower at the time. the most alarming thing was that Germany aimed to build the most advanced and largest war ship of the time, surpassing that of GB which rang more alarm bells.

countries began to form alliances as they throughout something was going to erupt. some of these alliances were the triple alliance and the triple entente. this put countries once again on edge and caused them to get into an alliance so safeguard themselves. this whole alliance thing made the tensions rise slowly in europe until war broke out and the tension bubble popped.

panslavism - all the slavic countries wanted to break apart and have their own

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-Bismarck constituted a balance of power during his time as Prime Minister.
-Bismarck did not want a two-front war, especially against France and Russia, as that will result in trouble for a united Germany.

Triple Entente: France, Russia, Britain.
Central Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (Ottoman

Germany:
-One of the largest industrialisation nations of steel, coal, chemicals and electricity, almost tied with Britain.
-Kaiser wanted to construct powerful navy that could compete against the British navy.

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- World War One: Political Alliances with other nations can cause other countries to turn against each other

- For example: Britain and Belgium. Britain only joined the war because of the plan of the Germans to attack the French by going through Belgium.

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How tensions that existed in Europe at the turn of the century resulted in war

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How tensions that existed in Europe at the turn of the century resulted in war

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- The alliances systems of the triple entente and the triple alliance were factors which heightened tension between European countries resulting in war.

Triple Entente
- France
- Russia
- Great Britain

Triple Alliance
- Germany
- Austria Hungary
- Italy

- Germany's advancements in their naval fleet heavily insulted the British due to their "arms race"

Source Analysis
Source A
Extract from the book 'World War One: A Short History,'  written by Norman Stone.
Demonstrate how major powers were increasing spending

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Source A:An extract from 'World War One: A Short History,' by Norman Stone, Penguin, 2007.Austria, Germany’s ally, had powerful interests in the Balkans, and so too did Russia: there were Austro-Russian clashes, and Bismarck’s balancing act became strained. Frustrated in their search for German support, the Russians looked to France, which anyway had money to spare for investments abroad, whereas German money stayed at home. By 1884, France and Russia were formally in alliance. Matters then became much more complicated when Germany bid for world power and constructed a navy.

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Source A:An extract from 'World War One: A Short History,' by Norman Stone, Penguin, 2007.Austria, Germany’s ally, had powerful interests in the Balkans, and so too did Russia: there were Austro-Russian clashes, and Bismarck’s balancing act became strained. Frustrated in their search for German support, the Russians looked to France, which anyway had money to spare for investments abroad, whereas German money stayed at home. By 1884, France and Russia were formally in alliance. Matters then became much more complicated when Germany bid for world power and constructed a navy.