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Person Centered Therapy and Reality Therapy: How will I integrate these theories in my practice?

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Person Centered Therapy and Reality Therapy: How will I integrate these theories in my practice?

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How I will integrate these theories in my practice is how I help my students solve problems. I want to be an elementary school counselor. I currently work with elementary kids now for work. A lot of the time during work I feel that I am always telling kids to worry about themselves or asking them what they did when an issue is going on. I feel that I will integrate both theories by having children realize that they are only capable of controlling their own emotions and actions. I feel that both Reality Therapy and Person Centered Therapy are great in having people and children realize their own emotions and behaviors result in how situations are handled. I also feel that I will use Reality Therapy and Person Centered Therapy as a school counselor in the situation of dealing with issues in the present. Although I will not ignore if a student would like to talk about something that happened in the past, I feel that I will use both of these theories to help bring the client in the present and help them come up with ideas on how they can solve the issue in the future.

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Client-centered therapy | Definition and facts. (n.d.). Retrieved May 02, 2017, from https://www.addiction.com/a-z/client-centered-therapy/

Corey, G. (2017). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Reality Therapy. (n.d.). Retrieved May 02, 2017, from http://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/reality-therapy

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Person Centered Therapy and Reality Therapy: How do the theories conflict with one another?

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Person Centered Therapy and Reality Therapy: How do the theories conflict with one another?

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Person Centered Therapy and Reality Therapy is the behavior of the therapist. Person Centered Therapy tries to avoid giving clients advice, Reality Therapy is more open about giving advice or suggesting ideas for clients. A Person Centered therapist are more emotionally connected to their client, while a Reality therapist is more focused on reframing for the client.

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Person Centered Therapy and Reality Therapy: How are they similar? 

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Person Centered Therapy and Reality Therapy: How are they similar? 

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Both of the theories do not believe in diagnosing clients in regards to pathology.

Both of the theories believe in self-evaluation and self-assessment.

Both of these theories believe that people are in control of their own behavior and actions.

These theories teaches clients how to achieve their wants and needs in a successful way.

Both theories focus on the present and do not focus on the past.

Both theories use a client's self assessment to determine the progress that they have made

Both theories do not focus on clients symptoms.

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Natalie Rogers using Expressive Art Therapy

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Natalie Rogers using Expressive Art Therapy

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Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression Video

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Expressive Arts Therapy Video with Natalie Rogers Video

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Expressive arts therapist, Natalie Rogers (daughter of famed humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers), demonstrates the power of moving beyond words and into the realm of art with a client struggling with feeling trapped in her tedious job, and unable to overcome her negative thinking.

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Person Centered Therapy: Role of the Therapist

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Person Centered Therapy: Role of the Therapist

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The role of the therapist is embedded in their ways of who they are and their attitudes, not techniques to get the client to accomplish a goal.

Attitude of the therapist change personalities of their clients.

The attitude and inner beliefs of the inner resources of the client creates growth for the climate.

Therapist must be present and accessible.

Person Centered therapist must be congruent accepting, empathic, caring, respectful, supportive, and understanding.

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Natalie Rogers expanded on her father's, Carl Rogers, by using expressive arts to enhance personal growth. The expressive arts include movement, painting, sculpting, music, writing, and improvisation. Natalie Rogers developed the concept of Creative Connection. Creative connection is a process where the client is encouraged to access their inner feelings through art.

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Person Centered Therapy: What is missing from this theory?

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Person Centered Therapy: What is missing from this theory?

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This theory is missing structure to the counseling sessions.

This theory is missing how a therapist should go about being supportive to a client.

This theory is missing how to help clients who come from a culture who may not value independence from their family.

This theory is missing how to apply the core values of this therapy in person.

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Person Centered Therapy: Therapeutic Process and Techniques 

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Person Centered Therapy: Therapeutic Process and Techniques 

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There are no techniques that are required of this therapy. Therapists are not prohibited from using the following listed techniques, but how they use them are crucial to the clients. It is all dependent on how the client would best work. It is also believed that therapist should cater their techniques and styles according to the client.

Assessment- Often viewed as a prerequisite. Therapist's don't use the usual assessment. Instead, they use the clients self-assessment since they are the best source of knowledge about themselves.

Immediacy- Addressing what is going on between the client and therapist. This is used to suite different clients.

Therapist's presence- Being completely attentive to the client in the session. This would include listening, accepting, respecting, understanding, and responding to the client.

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Person Centered Therapy: Role of Therapist

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Person Centered Therapy: Role of Therapist

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Person Centered Therapy: Therapeutic Objectives 

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Person Centered Therapy: Therapeutic Objectives 

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Rogers didn't believe in the goal of solving problems through therapy.

The goal of Person Centered Therapy is to help clients achieve their independence and integration so they can help solve their problems when they identify them.

Clients must move past their "mask", or identity they use to socialize.

Therapist does not choose goals for their clients.

Person Centered therapist are in agreement that they do not help clients set goals, yet they differ on how to best help their clients achieve these goals.

Increase in self-awareness.

Improve a client's ability to make their own choices.

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Person Centered Therapy: Function of Symptoms

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Person Centered Therapy: Function of Symptoms

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Person Centered therapist do not focus on client's symptoms.

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Person Centered Therapy: View of Pathology

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Person Centered Therapy: View of Pathology

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The view on pathology is that it is just an excuse for clients to not accept their behaviors or how they mishandle situations. Person Centered therapists do not diagnose anything in pathology.

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Person Centered Therapy: Therapeutic Frame of Reference

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Person Centered Therapy: Therapeutic Frame of Reference

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Person Centered therapists do not focus on past behaviors to focus on behaviors that occur in the present. These therapist tend to avoid behaviors that are in the past. They believe that present needs are what need to be worked on since they are relevant in the clients life and can not satisfy past needs.

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Rogers believed that three attitudes create a change in clients in where they can grow. The three attitudes are:

1. Congruence

2. Unconditional positive regard

3. Accurate empathic understanding

If a therapist portrays these attitudes, a client is more likely to be open and not be defensive. The person centered therapy encourages clients to engage in their abilities to use resources and be successful in the world.

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Carl Rogers assumption are that people are essentially trustworthy. He believed that people had the potential to understand themselves and how to solve their own problems without a lot of help from the counselor. Rogers also believes that people are capable of self-directed growth if they are in the counseling relationship. He did not complete his theory and he expected his model to evolve and be open to changes.

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Carl Rogers (1902-1987) remembered his family atmosphere with close and warm relationships but with strict religious standards. He pursued scholarships instead of social relationships, and graduated college with clinical psychology. Rogers worked in schools, social work, counseling, psychotherapy, group therapy. He is known for his recognition for developing the humanistic movement in psychotherapy. Rogers was the first to study the counseling process in depth and the first to formulate a comprehensive theory of personality and psychotherapy.

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Great description of this approach to counselling by Lisa Roundy

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Action Centered Reality Therapy by Robert Wubbolding, EdD

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Recorded live at a workshop in Cincinnati, Ohio, in April of 2011, Dr. Wubbolding addresses clients with a wide range of diagnoses who often display an inability or unwillingness to deal with the reality of their situations, and choose ineffective or destructive methods of coping instead.

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Reality Therapy: What is missing from this theory?

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Reality Therapy: What is missing from this theory?

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This theory does not include external forces that may be interfering with a client's life or issues.

This therapy does not look at problems that a client could have experienced before they started to come to therapy.

This therapy does not define what is "responsible" behavior. It does not consider that people are different and responsibilities can be different for people.

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Reality Therapy: Therapeutic Process & Techniques

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Reality Therapy: Therapeutic Process & Techniques

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Therapists operate on the assumption that the clients are motivated to make a change.
First session is for the therapist to define the wants of the client.
Therapist looks for a key unsatisfying present relationship.
When clients begin to understand that they are only in control of their own behavior, therapists can start therapy.
WDEP System is used for exploring wants, possible things they can do, self evaluation, and designing plans.

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The symptoms and complaints that the therapist hears is viewed as ways that the client is refusing to take responsibility for their actions and behaviors. The symptoms are ways the client chooses how to deal with current relationships.

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Reality Therapy rejects the traditional notion that people with problematic physical and psychological symptoms are mental ill.

Wubbolding uses the DSM-5 in creative ways.

Glasser criticized people for relying heavily on the DSM-5 for diagnosis and treatment.

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Reality Therapy: Therapeutic Frame of Reference

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Reality Therapy: Therapeutic Frame of Reference

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Reality therapy keeps the therapy in the present.

Glasser believes that mistakes that were made in the past are not relevant now.

Although a reality therapist does not ignore what happened in the past if the client is discussing good relationships or successes.

Reality therapist may say "What has happened is over; it can't be changed. The more time we spend looking back, the more we avoid looking forward."

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Our brain functions as a control as a control system.

Choice theory explains that all we do from birth to death is behave.

People are responsible for their own behavior and choices.

People are in control of their own happiness.

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Reality therapists believe that clients mostly have the problem with an unsatisfactory relationship or lack of what could even be called a relationship. Clients do not understand that their problem of unhappiness is a result from the way they are choosing to behave and the actions they are making. Reality therapists are aware that clients choose their behaviors as a way to deal with the unsatisfactory relationships. Reality therapy is based on choice theory. Choice theory explains why we function and how we choose to function. Reality therapy helps clients take more control of their lives.

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             Reality Therapy: Figurehead #2

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             Reality Therapy: Figurehead #2

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Robert E. Wubbolding was a professor at Xavier University as well as a faculty associate of John Hopkins University. He worked as a high school and elementary school counselor and is a well known and respected counselor from Ohio. Wubbolding founded that reality therapy best suited his interests in working with people. He attended training workshops conducted by William Glasser, who eventually appointed him director of training for the Glasser Institute. In Reality Therapy, Wubbolding developed the WDEP system which stands for wants, direction, evaluation, and planning.

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William Glasser (1925-2013) Received his MA in Clinical Psychology in 1948. He also attended school for his MD in psychiatry in 1952 and became board certified in psychiatry in 1961. From early on Glasser rejected the Freudian model because he believed that people should be held responsible for their own behavior. He began his career as a psychiatrist at Ventura School. During this career, Glasser learned that his training was limited in being able to counsel the group of young people he was working with. He wanted to talk to the sane part of the clients. Glasser put together ideas for his therapy where clients accepted the responsibility for their behavior. In 1962 he created and presented "reality psychiatry" to public lectures, which became Reality therapy after he realized his audience consisted mainly of educators, counselors, and social workers.

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Reality Therapy: Therapeutic Objectives 

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Reality Therapy: Therapeutic Objectives 

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Help clients reconnect with people that they believe put quality into their lives.

Fulfill need for love and belonging.

Teach clients better ways to achieve their needs, power, control, freedom, and fun.

Therapist helps clients make more responsible choices to get their wants and needs.

Therapist making a connection with a client who may be reluctant to coming into therapy.

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Reality Therapy: Questions Therapists may ask

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Reality Therapy: Questions Therapists may ask

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Here are questions that Reality therapists tend to ask their clients.

Is what you are choosing to do getting you what you want and need?

How would you most like to change your life?

What do you want in your life that you are not getting?

What would you have in your life if you were to change?

What do you have to do now to make the changes happen?

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Can start working with client when they are ready to make change

Reality therapists teach clients how to engage in self evaluation.

Reality therapist are not supposed to make evaluations for their clients.

Reality therapists challenge their clients to reflect their actions and behaviors.

Reality therapists help clients evaluate themselves on their behavioral direction, actions, wants, perceptions, commitments, and action plans.

Reality therapists acts as an advocate no matter how bad things can be for the client and should always display hope for the client.

Interactive role

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Dr. Glasser Reality Therapy & Choice Theory

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A look into Reality Therapy & Choice Theory.