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Name: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States

Year Adopted: 1917

Circumstances: Adopted during the Mexican Revolution to establish a new political order and address social pressure.

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Type: Federal republic

Nature: Democratic

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Ethnic: Predominantly Mestizo (60%), the Indigenous population is mistreated often

Social: Income inequality and regional disparities between the North and South

Regional: Differences between urban and rural areas with development and services

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Branch Name: Executive Branch

Current Executive: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

Powers: Executes laws and oversees government operations

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Branch Name: National Congress
Type: Bicameral (Senate and Chamber of Deputies)
Powers: Passes laws, impose taxes, and ratifies treaties

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Branch Name: Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
Powers: Interprets the constitution and laws, and ensures justice.

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GDP: Approximately $2.873 trillion (as of 2023)
GDP Per Capita: $22,400 (2023 est.)
Top Industries: Automobiles, crops, petroleum, and tourism

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Name: Mexican-American War
Sides: Mexico vs. the United States
Causes: Problems over the annexation of Texas and territorial expansion
Consequences: Mexico ceded large territories to the US and ended up losing the war

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Current Crisis: Violence and drug cartel-related crime.
Resolution Efforts: Increased law enforcement attention and military force

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Name: Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Year Adopted: 1979
Circumstances: Adopted following the Iranian Revolution. It was aimed to replace the monarchy with a more representative system.

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Type: Theocratic republic
Nature: Authoritarian

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Ethnic: Predominantly Persian, with many minorities

Religious: Shia Muslim majority with Sunni Muslim

Regional: Differences between more developed and undeveloped areas

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Branch Name: Executive Branch
Current Executive: Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei

President - Masoud Pezeshkian

Powers: Signing treaties with countries, administer national planning, command over armed forces

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Branch Name: Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis)
Type: Unicameral
Powers: Passes legislation, approves budgets, and ratification of treaties

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Branch Name: Judiciary
Powers: Interprets and applies the law, with significant influence from the Supreme Leader and the Guardian Council

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GDP: Approximately $1.44 trillion (as of 2023)
GDP Per Capita: Around $16,200
Top Industries: Crude oil and natural gas

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Name: Iran-Iraq War
Sides: Iran vs. Iraq
Causes: Disputes over borders and political dominance
Consequences: Great economic damage and many lives lost; Neither country won significantly.

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Current Crisis: Economic challenges and international sanctions.

Resolution Efforts: Discussions with international powers to ease sanctions, efforts to boost production at home to rely less on oil exports

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Name: There is no single written constitution; the foundational constitutional text is the Magna Carta and other texts.
Year Adopted: Not adopted in a single year, it evolved over centuries.
Circumstances: Developed through a combination of historical documents, such as the Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights (1689), and others.

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Type: Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy
Nature: Democratic

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Ethnic: Predominantly White British, with a significant South Asian, and Black minority

Regional: Differences between England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland

Social: Variations in socioeconomic status and class

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Branch Name: Executive Branch
Current Executive: Keir Starmer (Prime Minister)
Powers: Implements laws, manages the government, national security

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Branch Name: Parliament
Type: Bicameral (House of Commons and House of Lords)
Powers: Create legislation and approve of budget. The House of Commons holds most legislative power.

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Branch Name: Judiciary
Powers: Interprets and applies the law, resolves civil disputes

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GDP: Approximately $3.7 trillion (as of 2023)
GDP Per Capita: Around $54,100
Top Industries: Construction, banking, and healthcare

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Name: Falklands War (1982)
Sides: United Kingdom vs. Argentina
Causes: Dispute over the power of the Falkland Islands
Consequences: The UK regained control of the Falkland Islands; The UK won the war.

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Current Crisis: Economic hardship like inflation and cost of living

Resolutions Efforts: The government manipulates economic policies, making sure to contain inflation and increase support in the issues of the cost of living

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Name: US Constitution

Year Adopted: 1787

Circumstances: Adopted during the Philadelphia Convention and was created to respond to the need for a stronger federal government

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Type: Constitutional Federal Republic

Nature: Democratic

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Partisan Divide

Urban vs. Rural

Economic Class

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Branch Name: Executive Branch

Current Executive: Joe Biden

Powers: Enforce law, command military, conduct foreign policy, veto legislation

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Branch Name: Congress

Type: Bicameral

Powers: Makes laws, controls federal spending, approves treaties

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Branch Name: Supreme Court (SCOTUS) and smaller federal courts

Powers: Interprets laws and the constitution, and resolves disputes under federal law

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GDP: $24,662 trillion (2023)

GDP Per Capita: $73,600 (2023)

Top Industries: Real estate, healthcare, finance

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Name: Afghanistan War

Sides: USA vs. Afghanistan

Causes: Began in response to 9/11 terrorist attacks

Consequences: Overthrow of the Taliban government, major economic costs. The USA did not win as the Taliban returned to power

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Current Crisis: Immigration and border security issues

Resolution Efforts: Legislative actions, executive orders, humanitarian support

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Name: Constitution of the People's Republic of China

Year Adopted: 1982

Circumstances: Adopted during the era of economic reform and opening up under Deng Xiaoping

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Type: One-party Socialist State

Nature: Authoritarian

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Ethnic - Geographic Cleages

Urban-rural Cleavages

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Branch Name: The Executive Branch of the Peoples Republic of China

Current Executive: Xi Jinping

Powers: Command of armed forces, policy implementation

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Branch Name: National People's Congress (NPC)

Type: Unicameral

Powers: Lawmaking, budget approval

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Branch Name: The Judiciary of the People's Republic of China

Powers: Interpretation of laws, judicial review, dispute resolution

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GDP: $31.227 trillion (2023)

GDP Per Capita: $22,100 (2023)

Top Industries: Manufacturing, Technology, Telecommunications

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Name: Sino-Vietnamese War

Sides: China vs. Vietnam

Causes: China's heavy opposition to Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia

Consequences: The war led to many casualties and had an economic impact. Both sides claimed victory and didn't alter the balance of power by much

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Current Crisis: Covid-19

Resolution Efforts: Health measures, economic stimulus, international relations

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Name: Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

Year adopted: 1999

Circumstances: Adopted following the end of military rule and the transition to democratic governance

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Type: Federal Republic

Nature: Democratic

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Military is the only real national institution

250-400 different ethnicities

Major divisions between elites and rural/urban

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Branch Name: The Executive Branch of Nigeria

Current Executive: Bola Ahmed Tinubu

Powers: Enforcement of laws, command of armed forces, budget proposal

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Branch Name: The National Assembly of Nigeria

Type: Bicameral (HoR and senate)

Powers: Law making, budget approval, impeachment

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Branch Name: The Judiciary of Nigeria

Powers: Interpretation of laws, judicial review, dispute resolution

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GDP: $1.275 trillion (2023)

GDP Per Capita: $5,700 (2023)

Top Industries: Crude oil, Coal, Tin

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Name: Nigerian Civil War

Sides: Federal Government of Nigeria vs. Biafra

Causes: The war was triggered by the secession of the eastern region of Nigeria, which became Biafra.

Consequences: Widespread destruction, impact on politics and ethnic landscape, the federal government of Nigeria had won.

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Current Crisis: Insurgency by Boko Haram and other armed groups

Resolution Efforts: Military Operations, humanitarian aid, rehab programs

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Name: Constitution of the Russian Federation

Year Adopted: 1993

Circumstances: After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Soviet era.

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Type: Federal Semi-Presidential Republic

Nature: Authoritarian

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Religion: Eastern Orthodox

Chechnya: Mainly Muslim which is causing problems with the government

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Branch Name: The Executive Branch of Russia

Current Executive: Vladimir Putin

Powers: Command of armed forces, legislative influence

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Branch Name: Federal Assembly of Russia

Type: Bicameral (State Duma and Federation council)

Powers: Law making, approval of appointments

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Branch name: The Judiciary of Russia

Powers include: Interpretation of laws, judicial review, dispute resolution

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GDP: $5.816 trillion (2023)

GDP Per Capita: $39800 (2023)

Top Industries: Oil and gas extraction

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Name: Russian-Ukrainian War (2014-ongoing)

Sides: Russia vs. Ukraine

Causes: Tensions over Ukraine alignment with the West and joining international organizations

Outcome: Still unresolved, many deaths and huge economic cost

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Current Crisis: Penalties and challenges

Russia faced economic problems imposed by western countries due to its actions in Ukraine.

Resolution Efforts: Economic Diversification, internal reforms