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Native Americans and 2200 B.C. - 1607: Period Characterizes 

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Native Americans and 2200 B.C. - 1607: Period Characterizes 

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1. Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.

2. Use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.

3. Deep respect for nature and animals.

4. Cyclical worldview.

5. Figurative language/parallelism.

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No Known Authors

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Native Americans: They spoke 300+ languages

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Native Americans: They spoke 300+ languages

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Native American: There are 574 federally recognized tribes in the USA

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Native American: There are 574 federally recognized tribes in the USA

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1507: Early Settlement of the first American colonies - Jamestown

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1507: Early Settlement of the first American colonies - Jamestown

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800

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1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.
5. Used a plain style of writing.

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1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" 

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1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" 

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies

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William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies: Fact #1

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies: Fact #1

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Puritanism believes in Calvinism. They believe that God elected certain people to go to heaven and live godly lives and that we don't get a choice in the matter.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Puritanism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Puritanism. Accessed 14 October 2024.

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies : Fact #2

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies : Fact #2

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Puritan colonies jointly adopted the Cambridge Platform, establishing a congregational form of church government.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Puritanism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Puritanism. Accessed 14 October 2024.

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment" 1607 - 1783

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment" 1607 - 1783

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1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment"

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment"

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Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment": Fact #1

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment": Fact #1

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Francis Bacon (born in 1561 and died in 1626) was one of six people who contributed to the scientific revolution of this time. (One of those other 6 people was Isaac Newton.)

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "The Enlightenment Key Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/summary/The-Enlightenment-Key-Facts. Accessed 25 October 2024.

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment": Fact #2

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Rationalism "The Age of Reason" "The Enlightenment": Fact #2

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In 1776, the Declaration of Independence is signed.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "The Enlightenment Key Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/summary/The-Enlightenment-Key-Facts. Accessed 25 October 2024.

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During this time period, 25 innocent men, women, and children were executed. Most were hung, some died in prison, and one guy died from stones on his chest.

“The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 - Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, MA.” Pem.Org, www.pem.org/the-salem-witch-trials-of-1692. Accessed 8 Feb. 2025.

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Authors during the American Renaissance Period (1830s)

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Authors during the American Renaissance Period (1830s)

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

Henry David Thoreau

Walt Whitman

Herman Melville

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Edgar Allan Poe

Emily Dickinson.

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Transcendentalism, "The American Renaissance,"  1840-1860

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Transcendentalism, "The American Renaissance,"  1840-1860

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1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

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Transcendentalism

"The American Renaissance"

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Transcendentalism

"The American Renaissance"

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

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Henry David Thoreau American essayist, poet, and Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Transcendentalism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Oct. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Transcendentalism-American-movement. Accessed 26 November 2024.

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"Transcendentalism is a 19th-century movement of writers and philosophers in New England who were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of humanity, and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. German transcendentalism (especially as it was refracted by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Thomas Carlyle), Platonism and Neoplatonism, the Indian and Chinese scriptures, and the writings of such mystics as Emanuel Swedenborg and Jakob Böhme were sources to which the New England Transcendentalists turned in their search for a liberating philosophy." [Brittanica]

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Transcendentalism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Oct. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Transcendentalism-American-movement. Accessed 26 November 2024.

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Born July 4th, 1809, died May 19th, 1864.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Nathaniel Hawthorne". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nathaniel-Hawthorne. Accessed 30 December 2024.

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. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

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3 Facts about Walt Whitman

1. He was born in Long Island, NY, and was raised in Brooklyn, NY.

2. He kept a pretty strong bond with his mother all his life.

3. Whitman was the second of nine children so he left school at the age of 11 to help take care of the family.

Tearle, Dr. Oliver. “11 Important and Interesting Facts about Walt Whitman.” Interesting Literature, 19 Mar. 2023, interestingliterature.com/2023/04/walt-whitman-facts/.

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3 fun facts about Gewndolyn Brooks:

1. She was born in Topeka, Kanasas, on June 7, 1917. And passed away on December 3rd, 2000.

2. Her father was a janitor and her mother was a school teacher and trained pianist.

3. Her third collection was called The Bean Eaters.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Gwendolyn Brooks". Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Nov. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gwendolyn-Brooks. Accessed 8 February 2025.

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Edgar Allen Poe. No one knows for sure how he died, but he died at the young age of 40 on October 7th, 1849.

The possible causes of his death consist of: Alcholism, suicide, cooping, tuberculousis, and hypoglycemia.

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3 fun facts about John Ashbery.

1. He was born in Rochester, NY, on July 28th, 1927.

2. Ashbery got his masters degree at Harvard in 1949

3. He published his first book in 1953 called Turandot and Other Poems.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "John Ashbery". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Aug. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Ashbery. Accessed 8 February 2025.

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Dedicated day to the victims of the Salem Witch trials 1992

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Dedicated day to the victims of the Salem Witch trials 1992

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In 1992, on August 5, holocaust survivor Ellie Wiesel dedicated that day to the vivtims of the Salam Witch Trials.

History.com Editors. “Salem Witch Trials: Events, Facts, & Victims.” History.Com, A&E Television Networks, 4 Nov. 2011, www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials.

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1. Feelings of disillusionment.
2. Common subjects: slums of rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farmlands, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians.
3. Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible (Regionalism).
4. Sought to explain behavior (psychologically/socially).

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Mark Twain
-Huckleberry Finn

Jack London
-Call of the Wild
-"To Build a Fire"

Stephen Crane
-"The Open Boat"

Ambrose Bierce
-"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"

Kate Chopin
-"Story of an Hour"
-The Awakening

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The Republican Party was founded in Ripon, WI, on February 28, 1854.

Bureau, US Census. “Facts by Decade.” Census.Gov, 31 Oct. 2023, www.census.gov/about/history/historical-censuses-and-surveys/decade-facts.1850.html.

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What put an end to the California goldrush? Well, in 1859, siliver was discovered in Nevada.

At the peak of the goldrush, about 80 million dollars worth of gold was found each year, which is a little over 3 billion dollars now.

“Major ‘Strikes’ in the California Gold Rush.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/goldrush-major-strikes-california-gold-rush/#:~:text=The%20discovery%20of%20silver%20on,the%20Comstock%20Lode%20was%20discovered. Accessed 12 Dec. 2024.

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1861-1865

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"The National Weather Service issued its first weather forecast on November 1, 1870. The forecast warns of a windy day in Chicago, IL."

Bureau, US Census. “Facts by Decade.” Census.Gov, 31 Oct. 2023, www.census.gov/about/history/historical-censuses-and-surveys/decade-facts.1870.html#list-tab-2036066290.

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1865-1877

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1. Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the "American Dream": the independent, self-reliant, individual will triumph.
2. Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional.
3. Interest in the inner workings of the human mind (ex. Stream of consciousness).

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In 1916 only about 12% of households had electricity in their homes but in 1927 it increased to about 63% of households having electricity.

Cunningham, John M.. "Roaring Twenties". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Mar. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roaring-Twenties. Accessed 28 March 2025.

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The author of the Great Gatsby, F Scott Fitzgerald was the one that popularized the Jazz Age.

Cunningham, John M.. "Roaring Twenties". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Mar. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roaring-Twenties. Accessed 28 March 2025.

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Harlem Renaissance "The Jazz Age, The Roaring 20s" 1920–1940

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Harlem Renaissance "The Jazz Age, The Roaring 20s" 1920–1940

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1.Black cultural movement in Harlem, New York
2.Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz, lyrics on the blues, and diction from the street talk of the ghettos
3. Other poetry used conventional lyrical forms

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In the 1950's you could find ads for tobacco everywhere. It was considered cool to smoke tobacco back in the day.

Riang, Ryan. “The 1950s American Dream.” Adobe Slate, express.adobe.com/page/l5MV4/. Accessed 10 Apr. 2025.

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In the 50's there was an american baby born every 7 seconds. They call this the baby boom generation.

“The American Dream in the Fifties.” Mtsd.K12.Nj.Us, www.mtsd.k12.nj.us/cms/lib/NJ01000127/Centricity/Domain/270/Ch_27_2_The_American_Dream_of_the_Fifties.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr. 2025.

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On July 2nd, 1964, President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Law. It was a little more vibrant version of what Kennedy had proposed before he was assassinated.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-the-american-civil-rights-movement. Accessed 25 April 2025.

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On the night of April 4th, 1968, on the second-floor balcony of a motel in Memphis, Tennessee, Martin Luther King Jr. was sniped and killed.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-the-american-civil-rights-movement. Accessed 25 April 2025.

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Mt. Saint Helens erupted in 1980. 57 people died

Hunter-Grah, Alina. “Seattle Decades: The 1980s.” 6AM, 6AM - SEAtoday, 3 Oct. 2024, seatoday.6amcity.com/city/seattle-decades-the-1980s#:~:text=This%20decade%20brought%20Seattle%20the,%2Dever%20Costco%2C%20and%20Nirvana.&text=It%20seems%20that%20Seattle%20was,an%20umbrella%20in%20the%201980s.&text=The%201980s%20were%20the%20decade,and%20lots%20of%20big%20hairstyles.

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In 1983 in Seattle, WA, the first EVER costco opened!

Hunter-Grah, Alina. “Seattle Decades: The 1980s.” 6AM, 6AM - SEAtoday, 3 Oct. 2024, seatoday.6amcity.com/city/seattle-decades-the-1980s#:~:text=This%20decade%20brought%20Seattle%20the,%2Dever%20Costco%2C%20and%20Nirvana.&text=It%20seems%20that%20Seattle%20was,an%20umbrella%20in%20the%201980s.&text=The%201980s%20were%20the%20decade,and%20lots%20of%20big%20hairstyles.

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In the 90s, technology was rapidly changing, faster then in any other era Noahpinion says it this way: "the world is improving at a rapid rate; we often expect it to continue doing so."

Smith, Noah. “The Dream of the 90s.” The Dream of the 90s, 16 Feb. 2016, noahpinionblog.blogspot.com/2016/02/the-dream-of-90s.html.

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The first version of D.R.E.A.M (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) was introduced in 2001

Bod, Eva. "The Evolution of the American Dream" TheCollector.com, May 9, 2022, https://www.thecollector.com/american-dream-evolution/

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Lorraine Hansberry
-A Raisin in the Sun

F. Scott Fitzgerald
-The Great Gatsby

William Faulkner
-"A Rose for Emily"

Eudora Welty
-"A Worn Path"

Robert Frost
-poetry

T. S. Eliot
-The Waste Land
-"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

John Steinbeck
-Of Mice and Men
-The Grapes of Wrath

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She lived to be 99 years and 11 months old!

She was the wife of a painter and mother of 5!

She was born in Masachhusets!

“Anne Porter.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/anne-porter. Accessed 13 Mar. 2025.

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When Alice was growing up, she was blinded in one eye so her mother allowed her to type on a typewriter instead of doing chores.

Alice attended Spelman college but graduated from Sarah Lawrence College.

Alice was married for 10 years before getting a divorce.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Alice Walker". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Feb. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alice-Walker. Accessed 14 March 2025.

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In this sermon I read He talks about taking a stand against abortion. That picture above is a human life. The pastor said this in his sermon: "I will never forget the first time I saw my daughter. It was not in the birthing room of the hospital but in a doctor's office via an ultrasound. I can attest that what I was viewing was not a black spot or a mass of tissue but a living, developing person."

A man who used to own an abortion clinic changed to pro-life after watching an abortion happen on an ultrasound. He stopped what he was doing that was wrong and started standing up for what was right.

Ezell, Rick. “Sermon: Taking a Stand for Life - Proverbs 24.” Lifeway, 1 Jan. 2014, www.lifeway.com/en/articles/sermon-taking-a-stand-for-life-proverbs-24.

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"Rescue those being taken off to death, and save those stumbling toward slaughter" (Proverbs 24:11).

We have to take a stand, standing up for the unborn, the little lives that haven't had a chance to live. We can take a stand by doing the following (which I got from the cited website):

Make your home available to unwed mothers.

Write letters to and contact governmental leaders.

Participate in demonstrations of your personal preference. This is not for everyone, but it is for many.

Practice in your private life what you claim to believe publicly. Model moral purity. Abstain from premarital and extramarital sexual involvement.

Consider adopting a child.

Pray, pray, and pray. Pray for those on the front lines of the battle. Pray for the politicians, the physicians, the ministers, and the pro-life leaders. Pray for the mothers-to-be that more and more will be courageous and choose against abortion.

Volunteer your time, energy, and financial resources to pro-life organizations.

Ezell, Rick. “Sermon: Taking a Stand for Life - Proverbs 24.” Lifeway, 1 Jan. 2014, www.lifeway.com/en/articles/sermon-taking-a-stand-for-life-proverbs-24.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Ignites World War I

“Essential Events between 1900 and 1945.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, 21 Oct. 2021, education.cfr.org/learn/timeline/essential-events-between-1900-and-1945.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Ignites World War I

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World War I Influences Suffrage Movement Successes

“Essential Events between 1900 and 1945.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, 21 Oct. 2021, education.cfr.org/learn/timeline/essential-events-between-1900-and-1945.

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World War I Influences Suffrage Movement Successes

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James Weldon Johnson

Claude McKay

Countee Cullen

Langston Hughes (poetry)

Zora Neale Hurston

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During this time the Blacks made it a point to take control over their culture and how it was presented.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Harlem Renaissance Key Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Sep. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Harlem-Renaissance-Key-Facts. Accessed 15 April 2025.

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Claude McKay is considered the first major poet of the Harlem Renaissance.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Harlem Renaissance Key Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Sep. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Harlem-Renaissance-Key-Facts. Accessed 15 April 2025.

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1. Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology.
2. Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates itself.
3. New literary forms and techniques: works composed of only dialogue, or combining fiction and nonfiction, experimenting with physical appearance of their work.

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Alice Walker

Wallace Stevens

e.e. cummings

Maya Angelou

Anne Sexton

James Baldwin

Richard Wright

Sandra Cisneros

Amy Tan

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Postmodernism is 20th-century philosophy consisting of broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism.

Duignan, Brian. "postmodernism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Apr. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/postmodernism-philosophy. Accessed 6 June 2025.

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Postmodern writers converted to irony and self-awareness.

Duignan, Brian. "postmodernism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Apr. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/postmodernism-philosophy. Accessed 6 June 2025.

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1954-1975

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THis book is about a woman who doesn't remember anything about her past—who she is, anything. She is met by a man who invites her to his garden and she for some odd reason, accepts. She starts to think that she may be the queen of the Underworld.

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Read 205 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. A woman with no past. A man who seems to know her. And a monstrous garden that could be th...

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This has definitely been fun. I liked how easy it was and the opportunities for me to be creative. Tuesday was always a day I would look forward to.