# data[].attributes.body
- aid sputum expulsion
- breathing control
- deep breathing exercises
- forced expiratory techniques

# data[].attributes.body
- 30mins to 2hrs full prone, right-side lying, propped-up sitting, left-side lying,
- 24hrs position rotation
- if prone not tolerated = extended semi-sitting position
- in severe and critical patients that are sedated, 12-16 hrs of prone position is recommended
**aids in improving SPO2, delay or reduce the need for intubation and intensive care**

# data[].attributes.body
- improved forced vital capacity and arterial oxygenation
- muscle dysfunction
- improved patients' joint integrity, ROM, and muscle strength
- bed mobility, sitting balance, STS, weight-bearing on one leg, walking
- ROM exercises: shoulder shrugs and ankle circles

# data[].attributes.body
- HNFO
- high oxygenation
- easy to apply
- allows eating and drinking
- humidified air = airway clearance

# data[].attributes.body
1) X-RAY
2) CT scan
3) Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab
4) Wash PCR

# data[].attributes.body
1) Auscultation
- Abnormal breath sounds such as bronchial breathing, stridor, wheeze, rhonchi, crackles, and raspy (Huang et al., 2020)
- Breathing difficulty (Sharma et al., 2020)

2) Sputum production (Weng et al., 2021)
- Distinct yellow colour
- Sticky quality

3) Assessing cough
- Dry (Wang et al., 2020)

4) Vital signs
- Pulse
- Blood pressure (Ran et al., 2020)
- SPO2 (Marques et al., 2006)
- Temperature (Huang et al., 2020)

# data[].attributes.body
- Persistent dry cough for >5 days (Gautier & Ravussin, 2020)
- Shortness of breath (Gautier & Ravussin, 2020)
- Fever (Gautier & Ravussin, 2020)
- Dyspnoea for >5 days = health deterioration (Thomas et al., 2020)
- Loss of smell and taste (Ciofalo et al., 2022)
- Headaches, 34% (Weng et al., 2021)
- Sore throat, 47% (Weng et al., 2021)
- Fatigue (Zhou et al., 2020)
- Myalgia, 61% (Weng et al., 2021)
- Comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020)
- Overseas travel (Adekunle et al., 2020)
- Family health history
- Occupation
- Smoking history
- Aboriginal and Torres Island background (Yashadhana et al., 2020)

# data[].attributes.headline
Impaired Airway Clearance (internal), Cough** (external)  

# data[].attributes.subject
Impaired Airway Clearance (internal), Cough** (external)  

# data[].attributes.body
S protein binds to ACE2 receptor → virus enters and replicates → increases expression of neutrophils → increases sputum production (sticky)→ impaired airway clearance

S protein binds to ACE2 receptor → virus enters and replicates →  causes an inflammatory response → releases prostaglandins and interleukins → fever, dry cough

# data[].attributes.headline
Low Lung Volume (internal), Shortness of Breath** (external)

# data[].attributes.subject
Low Lung Volume (internal), Shortness of Breath** (external)

# data[].attributes.body
S protein binds to ACE2 receptor → virus enters and replicates →  increases neutrophils expression → increases release of by-products that damages surrounding tissues → decreases surfactant → alveolar collapse → low lung volume → shortness of breath

# data[].attributes.headline
Impaired Gas Exchange (internal), Dyspnoea** (external)

# data[].attributes.subject
Impaired Gas Exchange (internal), Dyspnoea** (external)

# data[].attributes.body
S protein binds to ACE2 receptor → virus enters and replicates → increases vascular permeability → pulmonary oedema → increases thickness of membrane → decreases gas exchange rate → oxygen level reduced (hypoxemia) → shortness of breath

# data[].attributes.body
bats → humans via wild animals sold at the Huanan seafood market → human-to-human transmission via contact, droplets, and fomites from an infected person

# data[].attributes.body
- single-stranded RNA β-coronavirus
- virus targets and affects the respiratory system
- shares 88% sequence identity with SARS-CoV and MERS
- spikes glycoproteins and ACE2 receptors