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In the book, Men Who Hate Women, author Laura Bates goes in depth about the effects of normalized misogyny. She explains the 'manosphere', which is an interconnected web of different extremist communities of men that are rooted in sexism and a shared hatred of women. The manosphere encompasses incels, pick-up artists, MGTOW, and Men's Rights Activists.

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"At its simplest, the argument goes like this: if women's sexual autonomy has given them wicked and tyrannical control over men's lives, then women's liberation is at the root of all male suffering" (28).

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"At its simplest, the argument goes like this: if women's sexual autonomy has given them wicked and tyrannical control over men's lives, then women's liberation is at the root of all male suffering" (28).

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Incels, short for involuntary celibates, are a prominent section of the manosphere. Incels believe that men are the true victims in society and women hold all the power by giving and withholding sex from men. They think that because of a woman's sexual autonomy, they purposefully try to make men's lives worse. Because of this ideology, incels are one of the most violent groups within the manosphere, carrying out the targeted rape and murder of women. They are an intense, growing, and prevalent community of men, and yet barely anyone has heard about them.  Elliott Rodgers- responsible for the Isla Vista killings, for example- was an incel.  More recently, Brian Kohberger- the murderer for the four University of Idaho students- was an incel. Incels target and hate-crime women specifically, simply for being women.

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"Men in the PUA community are repeatedly programmed to think of women as objects for pleasure, problems to be solved, children to be wrestled into obedience, or dogs to be trained" (67).

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"Men in the PUA community are repeatedly programmed to think of women as objects for pleasure, problems to be solved, children to be wrestled into obedience, or dogs to be trained" (67).

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Pick-up artists (PUAs) are also a prevalent community within the manosphere, differing from incels in being well-known for their tactics. These men believe that a woman is only good for sex, and so they rely on trickery and manipulation to sleep with a woman. Like incels, they resort to rape in many instances. They view women as objects and treat them as such. PUAs are common in society, from books being written giving tips about how to seduce a woman to TV shows like How I Met Your Mother that consistently normalize picking up women, sleeping with them, and reducing them to a tally mark afterwards.

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"The majority of MGTOW discussions online tend to centre more on classic manosphere complaints, like the various evils of women and 'misandry'.... Most of all, they discuss the dangers inherent in interacting with women- dangers apparently so great that the only possible means of self-preservation is total isolation" (97).

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"The majority of MGTOW discussions online tend to centre more on classic manosphere complaints, like the various evils of women and 'misandry'.... Most of all, they discuss the dangers inherent in interacting with women- dangers apparently so great that the only possible means of self-preservation is total isolation" (97).

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Another little know but prevalent community in the manosphere is called MGTOW, abbreviated for 'Men Going Their Own Way'. Like the other groups, they are anti-feminist and deeply misogynistic. However, unlike the other groups, these men avoid women at all costs. They follow rules and steps required to distance themselves from a society that has been corrupted by feminism: their end goal is complete disassociation. One of their main worries is that women always lie about rape to get their own way and purposefully try to ruin the lives of men. They avoid any interaction with women in fear of this, which is detrimental in many ways, one being stemming a woman's progress in the workplace. These men often rely on false statistics, such as false rape statistics, to advance their agenda and effectively exclude women from their worlds.

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"The movement began opposing feminists and their efforts, arguing that men were the real oppressed gender, and focusing on issues it claimed revealed systemic anti-male bias" (120).

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"The movement began opposing feminists and their efforts, arguing that men were the real oppressed gender, and focusing on issues it claimed revealed systemic anti-male bias" (120).

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The movement mentioned in this quote refers to the Men's Rights Movement (MRM). The Men's Rights Movement is probably one of the most common and influential community within the manosphere with millions of members worldwide, varying websites, and protests. Men's rights activists believe that the narrative is flipped and men are the real victims, much like incels. They believe that feminist movements only exist to create superiority over men, not create equality. They focus on issues such as male suicide, masculinity structures, and domestic violence against men. The patriarchy affects everyone, and these are all completely valid issues to be fought for and realized, but men's rights activists only bring up these issues with a goal of targeting women, instead of working with women to dismantle the patriarchy. They believe women are everything that's wrong with society and sex is their only empowerment (a recurring theme within the manosphere). Their goal is backwards and hate-filled, and they often always get in their own way.

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Jennings, Rebecca. “Incels Categorize Women by Personal Style and Attractiveness.” Vox, Vox, 28 Apr. 2018, https://www.vox.com/2018/4/28/17290256/incel-chad-sta

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Kostakis, Adam. “What Is Feminism?” A Voice for Men, 1 Mar. 2023, https://avoiceformen.com/featured/what-is-feminism-3/.

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Segall, Laurie. “Red Pill: A Search for Dating Advice Turns into Radicalization.” YouTube, CNN, 30 Oct. 2017, https://youtu.be/CEhW3YxwXSo.

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Srivastava, Kalpana, et al. “Misogyny, Feminism, and Sexual Harassment.” Industrial Psychiatry Journal, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058438/.

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“The 'Manosphere'.” ISD, 29 Sept. 2022, https://www.isdglobal.org/explainers/the-manosphere-explainer/#:~:text=The%20'manosphere'%20is%20an%20umbrella,involuntary%20celibates%E2%80%9D%20(incels).

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This video from CNN, a credible and popular news source, dives into the manosphere that Bates writes about. Laurie Segall interviews an ex- PUA and men's rights activist about manoshpere rhetoric. They talk about red pills and the anonymous interviewee's own experience in the community. He states that he used to believe women had too much power and men would become slaves if their power grew. He compares it to a gateway drug to the alt-right and white supremacy. Segall interviews other people in the video as well, trying to figure out what might drive a hopeless man to become so radicalized.

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Red Pill: A search for dating advice turns into radicalization

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This article focuses on the manosphere specifically. It explains what it is and how it's associated with far-right white supremacist values. It goes on to explain each community in detail, including terminology specific to each one, for example 'red and blue pills'. It references certain prominent individuals within each group and depicts who they are and their effect outside the manosphere. This source is credible because it's information comes from many sources, one of them including Men Who Hate Women. It includes further reading for people who are interested in more information.

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This research paper comes from the National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library operated by the United States government. The credible article focuses on misogyny, feminism, and sexual harassment within society. It begins with a history of misogyny, including its presence in mythology and explaining how it has evolved over time. It goes on to explain the modern feminist movement and categorizing it into waves. It also includes a works cited page where one can find the information used in the paper.

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Misogyny, feminism, and sexual harassment - PMC

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Wilmes, John. “The Twisted, Stolen Legacy of the 'Matrix' Red Pill.” The Ringer, The Ringer, 21 Dec. 2021, https://www.theringer.com/movies/2021/12/21/22847157/

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This is an article from the website AVFM, short for A Voice for Men, arguably the most prominent men's rights movement websites. The website's layout is similar to any other news websites, with anyone able to upload an article- most of them being opinion pieces. This radical article titled, What is Feminsim? by Adam Kostakis explains the perspective of men's rights activists on modern feminism. It heavily references manosphere ideology throughout, mistaking feminism for misandrism. Kostakis is a member of the men's rights movment but I couldn't find much information about him, and the articles I tried to access with his name in them- like a Reddit forum-  were blocked by the school (which can't mean anything good). His extremist views are shared by many men and anyone on the internet has access to them- a scary thought when thinking about the potential indoctrination of young boys online.

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Segall, Laurie. “Red Pill: A Search for Dating Advice Turns into Radicalization.” YouTube, CNN, 30 Oct. 2017, https://youtu.be/CEhW3YxwXSo.

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Wilmes, John. “The Twisted, Stolen Legacy of the 'Matrix' Red Pill.” The Ringer, The Ringer, 21 Dec. 2021, https://www.theringer.com/movies/2021/12/21/22847157/

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Laura Bates writes in her book, "Men who have not yet opened their eyes to the manosphere are described as 'blue pilled'" (97). In the popular movie The Matrix, there's this idea of red and blue pills. If Neo chooses to take the blue pill, he will remain ignorant and live his previous life. If Neo takes the red pill, he will become enlightened, able to see the matrix. The red pill and blue pill represent a choice between the willingness to learn a potentially unsettling or life-changing truth by taking the red pill or remaining in the contented experience of ordinary reality with the blue pill. The manosphere uses this analogy to compare current society with the enlightened (extreme misogynist) society. Once a man has been 'red-pilled', he has chosen to become a member and see women and feminism for "what they really are".

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Jennings, Rebecca. “Incels Categorize Women by Personal Style and Attractiveness.” Vox, Vox, 28 Apr. 2018, https://www.vox.com/2018/4/28/17290256/incel-chad-sta

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The manosphere commonly uses its own specific terminology that distinguishes them. This image depicts one of the common terminologies used by incels: Beckys and Stacys. Bates summarizes some of this terminology in her book: "These groups resort to railing violently against the unfairness of non-incel society (people they call 'normies'), the selfishness of the most attractive men ('Chads'), the superficiality of beautiful women ('Stacys'), and the promiscuity of less attractive women who are still able to attract sexual partners ('Beckys')" (27). The source is credible since all of the information in it lines up with Men Who Hate Women.