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vague. need to ATQ + recognise that Truman Doctrine REFLECTS crystallisation of CW tensions.
- since you already argue Truman Doctrine MARKS the START of OCW, what is the sig of events that come AFTER Truman Doctrine?

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contradictory-- but you kept downplaying events that created these ideo diff.
- In fact, you gave higher rating to events that are arguably NOT categorised as "ideo factors" resulting in OCW.

Also didn't show/justify how ideo diff > other factors, just asserted a claim instead.

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so how does this affect your weighing about the factors that led to OCW?

after all, reasons that led up to OCW cannot just be seen as indiv events, need to be categorised into various factors

currently many assertions/claims about the sig of events, not proven or justified

Understanding B3/B2

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wait so how do bottom 2 sig contribute to OCW?

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Main bottleneck for many attempts at causal sig

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Main bottleneck for many attempts at causal sig

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1. Scope [OCW ITO] explicitly, and then make causal links more explicit.

2. Also need to understand that 1947 Truman Doctrine arguably MARKS the START of OCW.

3. Once you scoped [OCW ITO], keep asking yourself "so..? how did it result in OCW?"

Qn requirements + Quality B3/B4

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6
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact contributed to the tensions between USA and USSR, but not directly. This is because there were no direct conflicts that stemmed from the Nazi-Soviet Pact. The only issue USA had with USSR over the Nazi-Soviet Pact is the allowance of USSR to have a sphere of influence over Eastern Europe, which was the precursor of Sovietisation.

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- Allowed USSR to establish a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe

- Increased USA’s suspicions of USSR’s intentions in Europe as USSR was willing to work with Hitler to fulfil its aims

- Showed that USSR was able to put aside ideological beliefs (Stalin was a firm communist whereas Hitler detested communism) to fulfil strategic interests

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Geopolitical concern

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The most important reason for the manifestation of Cold War tensions was ideological differences. Ideological differences was the main driving force behind the foreign policies that USA and USSR had towards each other, and consequently, the main reason why they had conflicts against each other. Ideological differences created and heightened tensions between the two superpowers.

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Second stage: More and more evidence of tensions

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Second stage: More and more evidence of tensions

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First stage: Setting the stage for conflict

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First stage: Setting the stage for conflict

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4
Red Scare had a slightly higher rating than that of the Bolshevik Revolution because through the Red Scare, the misunderstanding and fear of communism can be seen, which will eventually erupt into ideological tensions between capitalism and communism.

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- Shows that the US is terrified of communism, by using violent means as a reaction, which would later influence USA’s foreign policy towards the USSR, which caused tensions between USA and USSR

- First evidence of ideological divide in the US

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Ideological divide

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3
Although the Bolshevik Revolution established USSR as a communist power, it did not show significant tensions between US and USSR, and hence did not contribute greatly towards the outbreak of the Cold War.

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- Set the stage for ideological division with the US, as the US couldn’t agree with USSR’s communist ideology

- Challenges USA’s capitalist world order

- Established the Soviet Union as a superpower rival for the USA

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Ideological divide

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8
The Berlin Blockade and Airlift highlighted how different USA and USSR are, and cemented the ideological divide between them. There was direct conflict as a result of tensions, which is why the rating for the Berlin Blockade and Airlift is high.

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8
The National Security Act caused direct conflict between USA and the USSR, in the sense that is provocation in the military sense for the USSR. This cemented the rift between USA and USSR, causing it to be an important reason for the manifestation of tensions between USA and USSR.

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8
The Marshall Plan was an important reason for the manifestation of the Cold War, as it deepened tensions between USA and USSR. USSR viewed the Marshall Plan as a sign of USA’s imperialism and hence created its own Comecon. The Marshall Plan also led to the establishment of NATO, which cemented the divide between USA and USSR.

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9
The Truman Doctrine was also one of the direct causes of the outbreak of the Cold War, and also one of the most important manifestation of tensions in the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine was one of the first instances of the USA’s application of the policy of containment, and henceforth increased USSR’s animosity towards the USA.

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8
The Long Telegram was one of the direct causes that led to the outbreak of the Cold War. This is because the Long Telegram was used primarily as a justification by the USA in their foreign policy of containment towards the USSR, which played a significant role in the outbreak of the Cold War. The Long Telegram was one of the most important manifestation of tensions in the Cold War because it showed that the USA had solidified their stance towards USSR.

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7
Yalta Conference had a slightly higher rating than the Manhattan Project and the Delay of the opening of the Second Front, because the Yalta Conference showed that there were ideological differences and tensions between the USA and the USSR in a more clear manner. It is quite evident that in the Yalta Conference, the USA and the USSR differ in thought and find it hard to agree with each other, hence heightening tensions. The issue on Germany would also cause further conflict between USA and USSR.

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5
The delay of the opening of the Second Front widened tensions as compared to the Bolshevik Revolution and the first Red Scare, but did not contribute directly to the outbreak of the Cold War like the events in the Third Stage. The delay of the opening of the Second Front contributed to the paranoia and distrust that the USSR had against USA, and also showed USA’s distrust of the USSR due to misunderstandings, henceforth showing tensions.

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5
Manhattan Project contributed slightly more to the tensions between USA and USSR, as it caused the arms race, which contributed to the outbreak of the Cold War. Moreover, the Manhattan Project also changed USA’s foreign policy towards the Soviet Union, and this also caused the USSR to distrust and fear the USA, which prompted them to use aggressive means, thus exacerbating tensions.

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Red: Long-term cause
Yellow: Short-term cause

Rating of importance of the event in the outbreak of the Cold War, with 1 being the least important and 10 being the most important

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- Direct challenge of Western interests in Europe
- Highlighted ideological divide between communism and capitalism
- Significant development in the policy of containment

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- Represented a shift in American foreign policy to a more interventionist approach

- Increased focus on national security and intelligence gathering was seen as an aggressive move to the Soviet Union, which responded by increasing its own military and intelligence capabilities

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- USSR saw USA as a threat to its own global ambitions, leading to an escalation of the arms race, proxy wars, and geopolitical competition between the superpowers.
- Seen as a direct challenge to Soviet influence in Eastern Europe
- Led to further division of the European continent along ideological lines

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- Marked a turning point in US-USSR relations
- Truman Doctrine’s commitment to contain the spread of communism is seen as a direct challenge to Soviet influence
- Set the stage for Marshall Plan
- Challenged Soviet influence in Eastern Europe

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- Provided intellectual foundation for the policy of containment
- Ultimately shaped USA’s foreign policy towards the Soviets

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Ideological divide

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- Anglo-America and USSR had different notions of what to do with Germany after WW2
- Their different notions showed their ideological differences, thus increasing tensions

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- Caused tensions to increase between Anglo-America and Soviet Union, because USSR perceived the delay as Anglo-America’s desire for USSR to suffer and destroy itself in the process while fighting in WW2

- Convinced the USSR that they should protect themselves by maintaining a strong military and to establish a buffer zone between themselves and Western Europe

- Increased Soviet paranoia regarding the USA

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- Ensured USA has atomic superiority, which the USA can use in diplomatic missions to the USSR as an advantage and a pawn

- This contributed to tensions between USA and USSR, as USSR saw this move as aggressive to them

- Contributed to the Arms Race (another conflict between USA and USSR) which was a significant part of the Cold War and greatly escalated and prolonged the Cold War, which also caused more tensions

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift (June 1948 to 1949)

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift (June 1948 to 1949)

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Security concern

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Delay of the opening of the Second Front

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Delay of the opening of the Second Front

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Mutual misunderstanding

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Geopolitical concern

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Geopolitical concern

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Security concern

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Security concern

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Economic difference

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What was the most important reason for the manifestation of Cold War tensions?

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What was the most important reason for the manifestation of Cold War tensions?

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attempt to categorise i.e. weigh
understanding of causation B3