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While this law is not directly associated with EBs, it is a pivotal moment in history. The ruling of this case opened the door to EBs and was the starting point of limiting discrimination. Through this case the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. Due to separating children by race became unconstitutional the ruling therefore opened the door or future litigation on the ideas of what is considered discriminatory practices against students. This event was important for bilingual education today because of it prosperous stepping stone for all those who are not white individuals, and those who are 'different'.

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Brown v. Board of Education, Second Round (Published 2006)

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Did the 1954 ruling require integration or colorblind policies or both?

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Title VII Bilingual Education Act, an amendment to ESEA: 1968

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Title VII Bilingual Education Act, an amendment to ESEA: 1968

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In 1968 this was the first United States federal legislation that recognized the needs of limited English speaking ability students. Through this legislation funding/ grants were provided to school districts for the purpose of establishing educational programs specifically designed for EBs, Bilingual education was also included in this legislation (Mahoney 2023).

This is important to bilingual education today because without the funding for specific educational programs for these students there would be no way schools would be able to support the idea of teaching students who speak different languages. It is also important to bilingual education because it emphasizes the strictly transitional nature of native language instruction while also expanding the eligibility of success to students who are limited in their English Proficiency.

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No Child Left Behind (NCLB) becomes law: 2001

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No Child Left Behind (NCLB) becomes law: 2001

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In 2001 No Child Left Behind (NCLB) became the main law for K-12 general education in the United States from 2001-201∞. The laws main purpose was to hold schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved. However, through trying to make sure 'no child was left behind' the reality of it all was that some children were. This is because the concept of NCLB made sure that educators knew that a good education meant high test scores on standardized tests in English and mathematics. While on the outside this may seem fair it was not equally achievable by EBs.

This event is important to bilingual education because it created a space to see that good education isn't always measured by a simple test score. This also allowed educators to see that while these test may be beneficial for general education students the results don't always transfer over for EBs. This is because there is a gap of English proficiency EBs have and what general education students have. That being said while it is known that this concept was not helpful towards the whole student population in the United States it is a great example of what should not happen in the years to come for bilingual education.

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In 2015 the NCLB Act was replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). This act was signed by Barack Obama and it's main purpose was to "lighten up the federal government involvement in public schools and send much of the authority back to states and local districts" (Mahoney 2023). In other words this act allowed states, districts and schools the chance to gather and respond to information that is meaningfully connected to student opportunity and success. However, the ESSA was still had a focus on the accountability on testing as the "answer to school improvement instead of crediting the importance of classroom assessments and how they can improve schools" (Mahoney 2023).

According to history I believe this was a much better focus on EBs as a whole because it allowed educators more freedom in setting goals. Prior to this it was strictly stated that good grades equaled good performance and now the focus was more on the individualized students or the break up demographics of students. Therefore this model looked at what didn't work and tried to make it a better opportunity and all children including EBs to succeed in a school setting.

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ELPA21 (English Language Proficiency for the 21st Century) is born: 2016

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ELPA21 (English Language Proficiency for the 21st Century) is born: 2016

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The English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century (ELPA21), is a test of English language proficiency. The test is based on the English language proficiency standards and addresses the language demands needed to reach college and career readiness. The ELPA21 allowed states to chose WIDA, ELPA21 or create their own ELP standards for ELLs (that meet the federal criteria).

This is an important part of the timeline of bilingual education because of now much more students centered the thinking of academia is versus it being performance centered. Prior to this, laws and acts were created for the general public of students however, this allows states to choose the standards in which they need to focus on based on the population of students they are servicing.