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The Supreme Court's ruling in this case held that African Americans, regardless of their status as enslaved or free individuals, were not considered American citizens and thus were ineligible to bring lawsuits in federal courts. Furthermore, the decision declared the Missouri Compromise as unconstitutional, thereby sanctioning the expansion of slavery into territories governed by the federal government.

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In 1957, the Little Rock Nine became symbols of the civil rights movement when they bravely attended the previously all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. This event was a direct result of the Brown v. Board of Education decision and highlighted the federal government's role in enforcing school desegregation. It was a significant step towards ending racial segregation in schools.

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The amendment ratified after the Civil War abolished slavery throughout the United States, representing an important step in civil rights in the nation's narrative. While the amendment caused controversy it is arguably the most important.

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The 14th amendment extended citizenship to individuals born or naturalized within the United States, encompassing formerly enslaved individuals, and ensured that all citizens received equal protection under the law. This constitutional provision is a hallmark of governmental efforts to promote equality and inclusivity within the nation.

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The 15th Amendment barred both federal and state authorities from depriving citizens of their voting rights on the basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude," thus establishing a fundamental protection against discriminatory voting practices. This constitutional provision signifies a pivotal stride towards ensuring broader suffrage and equal participation in the democratic process.

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In this landmark case, the Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of state laws mandating racial segregation in public facilities, citing the "separate but equal" doctrine, which effectively allowed for racial segregation to persist for nearly six decades. This ruling solidified legal precedent endorsing segregationist policies and profoundly impacted societal norms and civil rights activism during the period.

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In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court declared the racial segregation of children in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson and representing a significant triumph in the battle against school segregation. This ruling signaled a pivotal moment in the advancement of civil rights and underscored the imperative of equality within the education system.

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This landmark piece of civil rights legislation outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It also ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace, and by facilities that served the general public.

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This act effectively outlawed racial discrimination in voting, dismantling legal obstacles at both state and local levels that hindered African Americans from exercising their voting rights as protected by the 15th Amendment. It stands as a landmark legislation in the ongoing struggle for equitable access to the ballot box.

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The Stonewall Riots marked the beginning of the gay rights movement in the United States. After a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City, protests erupted in a fight for LGBTQ+ rights. These events led to the annual Gay Pride celebrations and significantly influenced the fight for LGBTQ+ rights.

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This landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion without excessive government restriction.

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1975: Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act

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1975: Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act

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This Act marked a pivotal change in the relationship between the federal government and Native Americans of the Act in subsequent years expanded tribal control over education, healthcare, and law enforcement, thereby restoring a measure of sovereignty to Native American tribes and acknowledging their rights.

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The Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial quotas in its admissions process was unconstitutional but also declared that affirmative action programs could be constitutional in some circumstances. This event connects as a precendant for afrimative action which is still being debated today.

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These were state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. Named after a black minstrel show character, the laws—which were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries—mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederacy, under the doctrine of 'separate but equal.'

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The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, marked a watershed moment in American history by enshrining the right of women to participate in the electoral process. Its adoption followed decades of tireless advocacy and grassroots activism, catalyzing a transformative shift toward gender equality within the nation's democratic framework.

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A form of segregation resulting from economic, social conditions, or personal choice, rather than by law. It's often found in housing patterns and school systems and remains a substantial barrier to racial equality in the United States.

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Segregation by law, this ensured racial separation and inequality was maintained through statues, ordinances, and government-sanctioned practices. It includes aspects such as school segregation laws and the Jim Crow system.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. The ADA is a landmark event that extended civil rights protections to include disability, further broadening the scope of civil rights in the United States.

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Initiatives aimed at increasing access to education and employment for individuals in groups that are known to have been previously subjected to discrimination. The Supreme Court has upheld and struck down various aspects of affirmative action policies over the years.