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Aquí tenéis una presentación de Google en formato PDF en la que explico cómo utilizar el Padlet y qué tipo de herramientas y recursos vais a tener disponibles.

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¿Cómo usar el repositorio_ Guía de uso (Jesus Á. Extramiana, San José-Carmelitas, Santurtzi).pdf

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Let's see some interesting data about important women who changed history!

¡Veamos algunos datos interesantes sobre mujeres importantes que cambiaron la historia!

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There's still a long way to go until full equality between men and women is achieved. So says the latest Global Gender Gap Report published by the World Economic Forum. This study concludes that, at the current rate of progress, it will take 132 years to close the global gender gap. However, significant progress has been made, particularly in the last two centuries, partly because of the mark left by some important women in history. Here's a small selection of the women who, in their time and with their courage, broke down barriers and helped to change the world. With their achievements they all contributed to paving the way towards parity.

Cleopatra (69 BC - 30 BC)

The last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt wasn't a man but a woman. Educated, cultured and polyglot, Cleopatra achieved great success in politics. She signed alliances with the most powerful leaders of the time, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, and she ruled shrewdly to ensure the stability and financial solvency of her country by means of various economic initiatives. Although the films featuring her suggest a seductive image, some authors describe her as a scientist, a philosopher and an alchemist.

Hypatia (between 355 and 370-415)

Unknown to most people until Alejandro Amenábar popularised her story in the film titled Agora, Hypatia of Alexandria, she's regarded as the first female mathematician. She was the daughter of a prominent Greek astronomer and mathematician named Theon and, educated by her father, she also excelled in philosophy and astronomy and devoted her life to learning and teaching these subjects to others. Her contributions to science were ignored in her time, but they influenced Newton, Leibnitz and Descartes. A proponent of Neoplatonism, she was lynched and burnt to death by Christian fanatics for her pagan beliefs.

Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)

Another important woman in history due to her work is the Englishwoman Ada Lovelace. Daughter of the poet Lord Byron and the scientist and mathematician Anne Isabella Milbanke, she was a distinguished mathematician, writer and musician, but she's most renowned for her contribution to the development of computing and she's regarded as the first computer programmer. The work of this forerunner of modern programming on the analytical engine inspired Alan Turing when he designed the first electronic computer.

Marie Curie (1867-1934)

She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to receive one twice (in Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911), and she's still the only scientist to have won two Nobel Prizes. As a leading researcher, her work paved the way for the advancement of modern physics. Despite the discrimination of the time, she achieved her goal of studying and developing her talent and she subsequently promoted women's access to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) degrees. "I was taught that the road to progress was neither quick nor easy" is one of her most famous quotes.

Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)

In a male-dominated society, the brilliant writer criticised the lack of equality and the obstacles for women when it came to developing the careers and becoming independent. In her works Woolf recounted her outrage at discrimination and the inferior position of the female gender. She was ahead of her time. Although over a century has gone by since her works were published, the ideas of this pioneer of the feminist movement still live on and her legacy continues to influence modern culture today.

Clara Campoamor (1888-1972)

This Spanish lawyer, writer and politician (she was one of the first female deputies in Spain) fought for equality between men and women and, above all, women's suffrage in the country. Due to her tenacity she achieved a historic milestone; the 1931 Constitution recognised the right of women to vote and they went to the polls for the first time in the 1933 elections.

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)

French philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir challenged and criticised the dominant patriarchy of her time. Her book titled The Second Sex has become a "bible" of modern Western feminism. In her writings she laid the foundations for legal abortion and birth control in France and she launched a new women's liberation movement. To the extent that she symbolises what's known as the second wave of feminism in the 1970s.

Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

Her arrest in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger contributed to the end of racial segregation. This incident made her a symbol of the fight against racism in the United States. She's recognised as the founder of the civil rights movement due to her fight for equality.

Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)

She studied chemical physics at Cambridge and she was instrumental in the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. Using a technique called X-ray crystallography, she captured an image of the same image (known as Photograph 51) with which James Watson and Francis Crick identified and understood the structure of DNA. For this work, published in Nature, the two scientists won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1962, eclipsing the role of the researcher in this scientific breakthrough that paved the way for life-saving drugs.

Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007)

Benazir Bhutto is one of the most important women in history, as she was the first elected female Muslim prime minister of an Islamic country, Pakistan (from 1988 to 1990 and 1993 to 1996). As prime minister she led the way towards equality for Muslim women in the country. Her murder in 2007 shocked the world.

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Meet these 10 women who shone in their respective fields. As pioneers they paved the way to a better world for all. Don't miss them.

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Let's practise some interactive multiple choice exercises!

¡Vamos a practicar unos ejercicios de elección múltiple interactivos!

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Past simple regular

We often add -ed to verbs (regular verbs) to make the past simple.

Spelling of regular verbs

When do we double the consonant?

We double the consonant when the verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant. This is always true when the verb is one syllable.

When the verb is two syllables, we only double the consonant when the STRESS is in the last syllable.

reFER ⇒ referred, preFER ⇒ preferred, reGRET ⇒ regretted

But we do NOT double the consonant when the STRESS is NOT in the last syllable.

VIsit ⇒ visited, ANswer ⇒ answered.

Past simple irregular

Some verb are irregular and they don't add -ed to make the past simple. Some very common irregular verbs are:

Past simple - use

Past finished actions or states

We can use the past simple to talk about past finished actions or states. We know and we often mention when these actions happened with a past time expression: yesterday, yesterday morning, last night, last week, two days ago, five years ago, etc.

Past repeated actions

We can use the past simple to talk about habits or repeated actions that happened in the past but don't happen in the present. We often use adverbs or expressions of frequency ( often, always, every day, etc.).

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Past simple – regular/irregular verbs - Test-English

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Past simple regular/irregular. We add ‘-ed’ to verbs to make the past simple, but some verbs are irregular. A1 – Elementary English grammar and exercises.

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Through this webpage you will get some interesting ideas on the most important women in our world!

¡A través de esta página web obtendrás ideas interesantes sobre las mujeres más importantes de nuestro mundo!

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(Image credit: Photos.com via Getty Images)

There have been many influential women throughout history. While women's history has often been ignored or even erased over the centuries, many women have made huge impacts on society through activism, art, politics and leadership.

Women's History Month - observed annually in the month of March - is a perfect occasion to discover more about the female revolutionaries, politicians and campaigners who are simply too important to be forgotten.

Here are some of the most influential women in history.
Related: 20 amazing women in science and math
Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1933-2020)

(Image credit: Future)

Greatest Women in History

When Ruth Bader Ginsburg passed away in September 2020, the United States mourned the loss of one of its foremost champions of gender equality. Throughout her career as an attorney, judge and associate justice of the Supreme Court, Ginsburg's commitment to the principle of equal justice under the law transformed the legal landscape in the U.S. - particularly for women.

Ginsburg's work began at Harvard Law School, where she was one of only nine women in a class of 500 students, according to an obituary in the New York Times. Despite finishing top of her class when she graduated as a transfer to Columbia Law School, she struggled to find employment. Eventually, in 1963, she became a law professor at Rutgers Law School, where she turned her attention to gender discrimination. She argued six cases before the Supreme Court as a lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union, winning five.

In 1993, President Bill Clinton nominated her to the Supreme Court, where she worked for 27 years through cancer and other illnesses. Her history of dissenting opinions on the court built her up as an icon and, as Rolling Stone wrote, earned her the moniker "the Notorious RBG.'"

Throughout her career, Ginsburg promoted causes such as financial equality for women, as noted by Forbes; equality in education, as reported by Inside Higher Ed; LGBTQ+ rights, per the American Bar Association; civil rights for immigrants and undocumented people, as described by NBC News; and rights for people with disabilities, according to the Center for Public Representation.

Harriet Tubman (1822-1913)

Harriet Tubman was born into slavery but found her freedom traveling alone via the Underground Railroad. She would go on to free around 300 enslaved people in the years that followed.

Tubman began her work on the Underground Railroad by retrieving members of her own family, including her parents, several siblings and various nieces and nephews, according to biography.com. When the Civil War began, she supported the Union, working as a spy and a nurse before leading the daring Combahee Ferry Raid, which freed more than 700 enslaved people. Later in life, she became a prominent voice in the abolitionist movement and also fought for voting rights for women, helping to shape a path from slavery and discrimination toward justice in the United States.

Related: 4 myths about the history of American slavery

Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928)

"We are here, not because we are lawbreakers; we are here in our efforts to be law-makers." These immortal words by Emmeline Pankhurst in her autobiography ("My Own Story", Hearst's International Library Company, 1914) encapsulated the British women's suffrage movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. As the iron-willed leader of the Women's Franchise League and later the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), she fought for women's right to vote in the United Kingdom - by any means. The WSPU's motto was "Deeds, not words," and the group used vandalism, violent protest and arson as means to bring about social change.

Pankhurst believed that it was necessary to go beyond civil disobedience in support of her cause, claiming in one 1908 speech: "It is because we realize that the condition of our sex is so deplorable that it is our duty even to break the law." This resolve saw her arrested on countless occasions. She argued that unless women were given political power, the laws of the country wouldn't have an equal standard of morals.
Related: Top 12 warrior moms in history
On the year of her death, according to the BBC, British women were finally granted the right to vote from the age of 21 - equal to the voting requirements for men.

Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908)

Born in the winter of 1835 during the Chinese Qing dynasty, Cixi was the daughter of a low-ranking official but received a good education and, as stated by National Geographic, could probably read and write. In 1851, she became one of the Xianfeng Emperor's concubines - a great honor at the time. According to the Smithsonian, Cixi quickly surpassed her fellow concubines in the emperor's favor.
Related: Forbidden City: home to Chinese emperors
When the emperor died, Cixi's son was poised to become the new emperor. The former concubine formed alliances with some of his regents and had others killed in an 1861 coup, leaving her in control of the empire. She remained a powerful but unofficial head of Imperial China until her death in 1908.

She is considered China's last and most famous empress, as reported by the Smithsonian, and is known for shaping rebellions, policies and the court of Imperial China for more than 50 years.
Related: 7 reasons America still needs Civil Rights movements
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

During the 1950s, U.S. society was largely segregated between Black and white citizens, including on public transport. On Dec. 1, 1955, seamstress Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, for which she was arrested. In response, Parks mobilized the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) to boycott buses and draw national attention to inhumane segregation laws in the Southern states.

After successfully challenging the law and seeing segregation ruled unconstitutional by the courts, Parks continued as a prominent voice and symbol of courage in the civil rights movement, according to CNN. Her act of defiance had ignited the movement, according to the National Women's History Museum, and her continued activist work in Detroit after the bus boycott added to her legacy in the fight against injustice and discrimination.

Frida Kahlo (1907-1954)
Related: Why are genius and madness connected?
Despite later becoming one of the most celebrated and recognized artists of the 20th century, Frida Kahlo spent much of her early life bedridden and in agonizing pain. She contracted polio at a young age and was involved in a horrific bus accident when she was only 18 years old. However, it was during her long recovery that Kahlo found her love of art, in time developing her unique style that would become recognizable around the world.

In 1922, she was among only 35 girls to enroll in Mexico City's National Preparatory School, where she became involved in the school's political and artistic circles. Her political awakening included a passion for Mexican identity, which would greatly influence her art. In her article " Aztec Imagery in Frida Kahlo's Paintings," published in 1990 in Woman's Art Journal, historian Janice Helland explained: "As [Kahlo] sought her own roots, she also voiced concern for her country as it struggled for an independent cultural identity. Her life and even her death were political."

A tumultuous marriage to fellow artist Diego Rivera, 20 years her senior, also heavily influenced her art, as did her continuing illness, which dominated the final years of her life. Despite her illness, she refused to stop working, and even attended her 1953 solo exhibition in a four-poster bed, just a year before her death.

Some argue that Kahlo shaped the world of contemporary artists of color, bringing personality and politics into self-portraiture. "The story of Frida Kahlo is one of a brown, queer, disabled revolutionary. She reminds us that there is strength in vulnerability, and that there is spirit beyond our physical bodies," wrote TK Smith for online arts publication ArtsATL.

Kamala Harris (1964-present)

In 2021, Kamala Harris made history when she became vice president of the United States - the first woman, the first Black person and the first Asian American to hold the nation's second-highest office. The daughter of Jamaican and Indian immigrants, Harris grew up during the 1960s civil rights era. Perhaps inspired by civil rights activist Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, whom in her memoir she names as one of her "greatest heroes" ("The Truths We Hold", Random House, 2019), Harris chose a career as a lawyer. She began as a law clerk before being elected attorney general of California in 2010.

As a lawyer, she specialized in prosecuting child sexual assault cases, and as California's attorney general fought for foreclosure settlements and against predatory for-profit education. According to her biography from the White House, she also championed marriage equality, the Affordable Care Act and the environment.

Harris ran for the Senate in 2016 and was the first Indian American and only the second Black woman to be elected to the Senate, according to the U.S. Senate 's article on African American senators. In 2019 she ran for the Democratic Party nomination for president and, after dropping out, was picked as Joe Biden's running mate. They went on to win the election in November 2020, making Harris the highest-ranking elected female official in U.S. history.

In January 2021, according to the Associated Press, she swore her oath of office as vice president on Marshall's own personal Bible.

Related: Here's the Biden-Harris plan to beat COVID-19

Maya Angelou (1928-2014)
Related: When childbirth was natural and deadly
Maya Angelou was an actor, dancer and journalist, and is recognized as one of the most important figures in modern American literature. Due to childhood sexual abuse and trauma, Angelou became unable to speak for several years, according to the National Women's History Museum. Later, she found her voice through her writing. As an adult, she became involved in the civil rights movement and befriended both Malcolm Xand Martin Luther King Jr.

Despite the assassinations of Malcolm X and King, in 1965 and 1968 respectively, in 1969 Angelou published her most famous work, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." The fictionalized autobiography described her experience as a young Black woman in America. The book was hailed for its revolutionary approach, beginning Angelou's career as a bestselling author of numerous books, poems and essays.

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)

Mary Wollstonecraft lived the philosophical, feminist liberation she wrote about. She was disregarded by many in her day due to her extramarital affairs and her illegitimate daughter, and according to the British Library, the publication of her husband's memoirs after her death did further damage to her reputation. However, a century after her death, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, she was finally recognized for her moral and political writing and took her place beside her other daughter, Mary Shelley, in the pantheon of female literary greats.

Wollstonecraft's first book, "A Vindication of the Rights of Men" (J. Johnson, 1790), was her response to the French Revolution. In it, she refuted the concept of monarchy and called instead for a republican nation. She was also frustrated at depictions of women as passive vessels in a male-dominated world, and her second book, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (J. Johnson, 1792), became her best-known work. The book has since become recognized as one of the most important works of the Enlightenment.

Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)

In her work as an avant-garde writer and dedicated patron to modern artists, Gertrude Stein rebelled against the patriarchy. Stein traveled around Europe, eventually settling in Paris with her brother, Leo. The pair began collecting art, particularly works by contemporary avant-garde artists. Alongside their art collections, they cultivated relationships with Parisian bohemians at their Saturday-night salon. In time, invitations to the Stein salon became the most sought-after in Paris.

After World War I ended, the Stein salon became a popular haunt for young American expats - or the "Lost Generation," as Stein called them. Stein remained a little-known figure outside of the literary and art worlds until 1933, when she published a book titled "The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas" (Harcourt, 1933). Not a true autobiography, Stein wrote in the voice of her life partner, Toklas. With the book's popularity, Stein became a name and face recognized across the globe.

According to The Poetry Foundation, "Stein helped shape an artistic movement that demanded a novel form of expression and a conscious break with the past."

Additional resources

Check out this article in the journal Nature about a new generation of historians adding women back into the scientific record. Here you can listen to women who worked in STEM in the Obama administration talk about the women who inspired them. Read Time Magazine's list of 9 important women from U.S. history you don't already know.

Bibliography

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader. "A Conversation with Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg." U. Colo. L. Rev. 84 (2013): 909.

Clinton, Catherine. Harriet Tubman: The road to freedom. Hachette UK, 2004.

Purvis, June. Emmeline Pankhurst: a biography. Routledge, 2003.

Chang, Jung. Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China. Random House, 2013.

Hanson, Joyce A. Rosa Parks: A Biography. ABC-CLIO, 2011.

Kettenmann, Andrea, and Frida Kahlo. Frida Kahlo, 1907-1954: Pain and Passion. Taschen, 2000.

Cassidy, Brittany S., and Hayley A. Liebenow. "Feminine perceptions of Kamala Harris positively relate to evaluations of her candidacy." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 21.1 (2021): 29-50.

Angelou, Maya. Maya Angelou: The complete poetry. Hachette UK, 2015.

Todd, Janet. Mary Wollstonecraft: A revolutionary life. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014.

Dydo, Ulla E., and William Rice. Gertrude Stein: the language that rises: 1923-1934. Northwestern University Press, 2008.

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(Image credit: Photos.com via Getty Images) There have been many influential women throughout history. While women's history has often been ignored or even erased over the centuries, many women have made huge impacts on society through activism, art, politics and leadership.

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Here you have some tips to know how to write accurately a biography ;)

Aquí tienes algunos consejos prácticos para saber cómo escribir una biografía de manera precisa ;)

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Homework Center: How to Write a Biography

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What about trying this spectacular webpage? You'll be able to do some Past Simple exercises :)

¿Qué tal probar esta página web espectacular? Podrás realizar algunos ejercicios del pasado simple :)

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Past simple exercises affirmative forms - irregular verbs elementary level esl. Beginners exercises

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Here you have some interactive games to put into practice your knowledge on the Past Simple tense, cheer up!

Aquí tienes algunos juegos interactivos para llevar a la práctica tu conocimiento sobre el pasado simple, ¡ánimo!

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IRREGULAR VERBS 2 - IRREGULAR VERBS 2.1 - IRREGULAR VERBS 2.2 - Irregular verbs flip game - Places in a town/city - y6 verbs 1 - Irregular Verbs

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Let's see how much you remember on the Irregular verbs... Try this short multiple choice!

Veamos cuánto recuerdas entorno a los verbos irregulares... ¡Intenta hacer este test de elección múltiple!

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Learning Resources (Word Search Puzzle): Irregular verb Word Search (language - past simple - irregular verbs) - Please find the following irregular verbs on the word search activity.

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Irregular verbs may be tricky... Let's practise them through this website!

Los verbos irregulares pueden ser complicados... ¡Practiquémoslos a través de esta web!

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Verbos irregulares - GRUPO 1. Resumen de los verbos pertenecientes al GRUPO 1. En la siguiente entrada puedes acceder a ejercicios de inglés online relacionados con los verbos irregulares del grupo 1. Realiza el ejercicio y envía tus respuestas para comprobar tu progreso.

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Interactive worksheets to practise the Past Simple in all its tenses!

¡Fichas interactivas para practicar el pasado simple (Past Simple) en todas sus formas!