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1. Truman’s Committee on Civil Rights: President Truman established this committee in 1946 to investigate racial discrimination and propose civil rights reforms. It laid the groundwork for future civil rights legislation and increased awareness of racial injustice.

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2. Executive Order 9981: Issued by President Truman in 1948, it desegregated the U.S. military. This was a significant step toward racial equality and challenged segregation in other sectors of American society.

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3. Integration of Major League Baseball: In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers. This event helped challenge racial segregation in sports and contributed to the broader civil rights movement.

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Negro Leagues officially recognized as part of Major League Baseball l WNT

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4. Brown vs. Board of Education: In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This landmark decision overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine and paved the way for desegregation in education.

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5. Montgomery Bus Boycott: In 1955-1956, African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, boycotted city buses to protest segregation. Led by Martin Luther King Jr., this successful boycott demonstrated the power of nonviolent resistance and sparked the modern civil rights movement.

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6. Murder of Emmett Till: In 1955, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American boy, was brutally murdered in Mississippi for allegedly flirting with a white woman. His death galvanized the civil rights movement and highlighted the violence and racism faced by African Americans in the South.

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7. Little Rock Nine: In 1957, nine African American students were blocked from entering Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas by the National Guard, defying the Supreme Court's desegregation ruling. The event showcased the resistance to desegregation in the South and the federal government's role in enforcing civil rights laws.

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8. Murder of Medgar Evers: In 1963, civil rights activist Medgar Evers was assassinated in Mississippi. His death further energized the civil rights movement and underscored the dangers faced by those advocating for racial equality.

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9. Southern Manifesto: In 1956, Southern senators and representatives issued this document in opposition to the Supreme Court's desegregation rulings. It symbolized the resistance to civil rights progress in the South and fueled tensions between the federal government and Southern states.

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10. March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom: In 1963, over 200,000 people marched to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. This peaceful demonstration highlighted the demand for civil rights legislation and contributed to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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11. 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing: In 1963, a bomb planted by white supremacists exploded at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killing four young African American girls. This heinous act drew national attention to the violence of segregationists and fueled support for the civil rights movement.

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12. Assassination of John F. Kennedy: In 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. While not directly related to the civil rights movement, Kennedy's death affected the nation and influenced the subsequent push for civil rights legislation under his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson.

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13. Civil Rights Act of 1964: This landmark legislation, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination, marking a significant victory for the civil rights movement.

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14. Murder of Malcolm X: In 1965, civil rights leader Malcolm X was assassinated in New York City. His death shocked many and raised questions about the direction of the civil rights struggle. Malcolm X's legacy continues to influence discussions on racial justice and black empowerment.

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15. Freedom Riders: In 1961, interracial groups of activists traveled by bus through the South to challenge segregation in interstate transportation. They faced violent attacks and arrests but drew attention to the ongoing segregation and the need for federal intervention to enforce desegregation laws.

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16. Murder of Chaney, Goodman, & Schwerner: In 1964, three civil rights activists, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, were murdered by the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi. Their deaths highlighted the dangers faced by activists in the struggle for civil rights and spurred national outrage.

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17. Formation of FBI COINTELPRO Program: In the 1950s and 1960s, the FBI initiated the COINTELPRO program to surveil, infiltrate, and disrupt civil rights organizations, including the Black Panther Party and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This covert operation undermined civil liberties and hindered the progress of the civil rights movement.

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18. Bloody Sunday: In 1965, peaceful civil rights marchers in Selma, Alabama, were brutally attacked by state troopers as they attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The violence shocked the nation and led to increased support for the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to protect African Americans' right to vote.

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Sunday Bloody Sunday (Live From Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Colorado, USA / 1983 / Remastered 2021)

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19. Voting Rights Act of 1965: Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, this legislation aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote. It prohibited discriminatory voting practices such as literacy tests and poll taxes, significantly expanding voting rights and political participation for African Americans.

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20. March from Selma to Montgomery: Following Bloody Sunday, civil rights activists organized a series of marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, to demand voting rights. These marches, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders, contributed to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and showcased the power of nonviolent protest in achieving social change.

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21. Watts Riots: In 1965, the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles erupted in riots sparked by police brutality and longstanding racial tensions. The riots highlighted economic inequality, police brutality, and systemic racism in urban America, prompting calls for social and economic reforms.

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22. Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.: In 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. His death sparked widespread outrage and led to riots in many cities across the United States. King's assassination marked a tragic turning point in the civil rights movement and left a lasting legacy of nonviolent resistance and social justice activism.

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23. Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy: Also in 1968, presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated in Los Angeles. While not directly related to civil rights, Kennedy was a prominent advocate for racial equality, and his death deepened the sense of loss and turmoil in the midst of the civil rights struggle.

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24. Loving v. Virginia: In 1967, the Supreme Court struck down laws prohibiting interracial marriage in the landmark case Loving v. Virginia. This decision invalidated anti-miscegenation laws across the country and affirmed the right to marry regardless of race, advancing the cause of racial equality and civil rights.

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25. Formation of Southern Christian Leadership Conference: Established in 1957 by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders, the SCLC played a key role in organizing nonviolent protests and advocating for civil rights legislation. It mobilized grassroots support and helped coordinate the civil rights movement's efforts across the South.

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26. Formation of Student Non-Violence Coordinating Committee: Founded in 1960, SNCC was a student-led organization that played a vital role in organizing sit-ins, voter registration drives, and other nonviolent protests. It empowered young people to become active participants in the civil rights movement and challenged racial segregation in the South.

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27. Creation of Equal Opportunity Employment Commission: Established in 1965 as part of the Civil Rights Act, the EEOC aimed to combat employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It enforces federal laws prohibiting workplace discrimination and promotes equal employment opportunities for all Americans.

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28. Formation of Black Panthers: Founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, the Black Panther Party advocated for black self-defense, community empowerment, and revolutionary socialism. It challenged police brutality and systemic racism while providing social services to African American communities. The Panthers' militant stance and confrontational tactics sparked controversy but also inspired activism and raised awareness of racial injustices.

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29. Murder of Fred Hampton: In 1969, Black Panther leader Fred Hampton was killed during a police raid in Chicago. His death raised suspicions of police misconduct and government surveillance of civil rights activists. Hampton's legacy as a charismatic leader and advocate for social justice continues to inspire activism against police brutality and racial injustice.

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30. Greensboro Sit-Ins: In 1960, four African American college students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Their peaceful protest sparked a wave of sit-ins across the South, challenging racial segregation and galvanizing the civil rights movement.

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31. Children’s March: In 1963, thousands of children participated in nonviolent protests against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. Their bravery and determination drew national attention to the civil rights struggle and highlighted the urgency of desegregation efforts.

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32. Ruby Bridges: In 1960, six-year-old Ruby Bridges became the first African American student to desegregate an all-white elementary school in New Orleans. Her courageous act symbolized the fight for equal education opportunities and inspired others to challenge segregation in schools.

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33. Freedom Summer: In 1964, civil rights organizations launched Freedom Summer to register African American voters in Mississippi and challenge racial discrimination. Despite facing violence and intimidation, activists made significant strides in voter registration and raised awareness of civil rights issues nationwide.

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34. 24th Amendment: Ratified in 1964, the 24th Amendment abolished poll taxes, which had been used