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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - June 28, 1914

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - June 28, 1914

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Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip murdered Austrian heir Franz Ferdinand, leading to rapid declarations of war between allies.

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Schlieffen Plan (Invasion of France + Belgium) - August 4, 1914

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Schlieffen Plan (Invasion of France + Belgium) - August 4, 1914

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The German plan of war in WW1 to first attack France with a decisive sweep through Belgium, then turn on Russia and win the war.

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Britain & France Declare War in WWI - Aug. 3, Aug. 4 1914

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Britain & France Declare War in WWI - Aug. 3, Aug. 4 1914

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France declared war on Germany after a German declaration of war on Russia, France’s ally, and France. Britain declared war on Germany after they violated Belgian neutrality.

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Battle of Marne - September 5th-12th, 1914

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Battle of Marne - September 5th-12th, 1914

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An offensive battle fought during WWI by France & GB against Germany who was advancing on British land, having already invaded Belgium & northeastern France.

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The Armenian genocide was the attempt to end Armenian people by the Ottoman Empire through systematic killings and death marches

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Gallipoli Campaign (April 1915-Jan 1916)

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Gallipoli Campaign (April 1915-Jan 1916)

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The Gallipoli Campaign was intended to force Turkey, a German ally, out of the war. It eventually failed and the Allies withdrew.

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Major battle of WWI between France & GB vs. Germany. The fight took place from both sides of the river Somme in France, with the end result being inconclusive of who won.

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French victory over a German offensive. It was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war, aka a battle of attrition, with French casualties and German casualties equally high.

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The Russian people revolted and abolished the monarchy in favor of a socialist government.

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An Armistice was signed between Germany and the Entente on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month.

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The Weimar Republic was what was formed after the German empire collapsed due to WW1. It was a constitutional republic that eventually collapsed.

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The peace treaty that ended WW1 and forced Germany to take all responsibility.

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Japan invades Manchuria - Sept. 18, 1931

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Japan invades Manchuria - Sept. 18, 1931

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Before WW2, Japan invaded the Chinese province to find raw materials for its growing industries.

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Hitler elected German Chancellor - Jan. 30, 1933

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Hitler elected German Chancellor - Jan. 30, 1933

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Adolph Hitler was appointed as Chancellor of Germany and the Nazi party assumed control of Germany.

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Mass killing of Chinese citizens in the Chinese capital of Nanjing prior to WW2. An estimated 100,000-300,000 Chinese were killed.

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Agreement between Nazi Germany, Great Britain, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy. The agreement was for the German annexation of Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.

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Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union that established a 10-year non-aggression pact, economic cooperation and territorial expansion.

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German Invasion of Poland (WWII) - Sept. 1, 1939

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German Invasion of Poland (WWII) - Sept. 1, 1939

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On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. To justify this, Hitler & Nazi propagandists accused Poland of persecuting ethnic Germans living in Poland and falsely claimed that Poland was colluding with its allies (GB & France) to surround and dismember Germany. This invasion marked the beginning of World War II.

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Britain & France declare War (WWII) - Sept. 13, 1939

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Britain & France declare War (WWII) - Sept. 13, 1939

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Britain declares war on Germany two days after they invaded Poland; later the same day, France also declares war on Germany.

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A surprise military strike by Japan’s Navy Air Service on the American Naval base located at Pear Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. Japan hoped for a short war, and seemed to quickly weaken the U.S. naval strength & capture vital oil supplies. This attack killed 2,403 U.S. personnel, and destroyed/damaged 19 U.S. navy ships. The result of the attack being the entrance of the United States into World War II.

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Major battle of WWII fought on the Eastern Front where Nazi Germany & its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad, Russia.

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Normandy Invasion (D-Day) - June 6, 1944

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Normandy Invasion (D-Day) - June 6, 1944

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Allied invasion of Western Europe with the landing of U.S., British and Canadian forces on the beaches in Normandy, France. This decisive victory led to Allied victories is France and ultimately the fall of the Nazi Reich.

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Largest and bloodiest battle in WW2. It was a surprise attack on Germany and the last major offensive for Germany.

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Meeting of FDR (US), Winston Churchill (UK) and Joseph Stalin (USSR) to plan the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany.

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The European celebration of Germans unconditional surrender to the Allies.

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Nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki (Hiroshima: Aug. 6, 1945 / Nagasaki: Aug. 9, 1945)

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Nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki (Hiroshima: Aug. 6, 1945 / Nagasaki: Aug. 9, 1945)

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Rather than invading Japan by land, risking the lives of many American soldiers, the U.S. chose to use atomic bombs on Japan in hope to bringing the war in the Pacific to a close sooner. Over the next 4 months after the initial bombings, the effects of the atomic bombs killed between 90,000-146,000 people in Hiroshima, and between 60,000-80,000 people in Nagasaki - nearly half of the deaths occurred on the first day.

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V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day) - Aug. 14, 1945 - Sept. 2, 1945

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V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day) - Aug. 14, 1945 - Sept. 2, 1945

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V-J Day, or Victory of Japan Day, marks the end of World War II. President Harry S. Truman announced on August 14, 1945 that Japan had surrendered unconditionally; people around the world celebrated.