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The Five Essential Components of Reading are:

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1) Phonemic Awareness

2) Phonics

3) Vocabulary

4) Fluency

5) Comprehension.

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Definition: The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words.

Classroom Activities:

·       Sound Sorting: Students sort picture cards based on the initial sounds they hear, providing more challenging words for advanced students or those who need more practice.

·       Syllable Clapping: Students clap out the syllables in words and give longer or more complex words for advanced students.

At-Home Activity:

·       Sound scavenger hunt: Choose a letter sound, then have your child find things around your house that start with the same sound. “Can you find something in our house that starts with the letter “p” pppppp sound? Such as Picture, pencil, pear”

Website: Reading Rockets - Phonemic Awareness Activities: Provides a variety of interactive phonemic awareness activities for children.

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Definition: The relationship between sounds and their corresponding letters in written language.

Classroom Activities:

·       Fill in the missing letters: Hide sticky notes around the room with various vowels. Then, write CVC words with the vowels missing. Have kids hunt for the missing sounds and fill them in. Such as C(A)T with “A” missing. Put a couple of more challenging words with more than two vowels for advanced students.

·       Word Building: Students use letter tiles to build words and provide more complex words for advanced students.

At-Home Activity:

·       Roll letter dice: Use three blocks and write consonants on two of them and vowels on the other. Have some fun rolling and blending CVC words.

Website: Starfall - Learn to Read: Offers interactive phonics games and activities for children.

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Definition: Vocabulary refers to the words a person knows and uses in speaking and writing.

Classroom Activities:

·       Labeling Objects: Students label objects in the classroom with their names, differentiating by providing more challenging vocabulary words or requiring sentences instead of single words.

·       Word of the Day: Introduce a new vocabulary word each day and encourage students to use it in context throughout the day, differentiating by providing more support or challenge based on students' abilities.

At-Home Activity:

·       I Spy: Parents play the “ I spy with my little eye” game with children at home to help children build vocabulary.

Website: VocabularySpellingCity: Offers vocabulary-building games and activities for children.

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Definition: Fluency is the ability to read smoothly, accurately, and with expression.

Classroom Activities:

·       Echo Reading: Students echo read sentences or short passages after the teacher, differentiating by providing more challenging texts for advanced students.

·       Roll and read:  Students roll a die. They will go to the corresponding row and read the letters or words as fast as they can.

At-Home Activity:

·       Family Reading Time: Encourage families to read aloud together and discuss the importance of reading fluently.

Website: ReadTheory: Provides fluency-building passages and audio recordings for children to practice reading along.

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Definition: Comprehension is the ability to understand and interpret what is read.

Classroom Activities:

·       Story Retelling: Students retell a story in their own words, focusing on key details and the sequence of events.

·       Role Play Based on Reading:

·       Select a scene or character from a recently read story. Ask the child to act it out, either alone or with another student, or teacher. It is a hands-on approach to understanding a story.

At-Home Activity:

·       Tell me about it: After reading a book aloud, ask your child to summarize what the book was about in their own words. You can ask a question or two to help your child clarify her thinking or to add more detail.

Website: SplashLearn.com is an educational platform offering interactive math and reading games for children in grades K-5, designed to make learning fun and engaging.