# data[].attributes.body
intelligence not a fixed trait

learning is a process

construct understanding through interaction and experience

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index cards for the brain

building blocks of knowledge

mental representations of the world

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using an existing knowledge (schema) to deal with new situation

adapting to change

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Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)

Pre-operational (ages 2-7)

Concrete operational (ages 7-11)

Formal operational (11 +)

determined by biological maturation and interaction with the environment

not all students develop the same

some may never attain later stages

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"the distance between actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance"

what can a student do alone vs. what can a student do with adult guidance or other student collaboration

teaching by example

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crucial role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development

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provides temporary support to students as they work with the zone of proximal development gradually reducing support needed

# data[].attributes.body
learning through collaboration

not just a passive reception of information but active process of constructing knowledge through social interaction

cooperative learning

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Media - such as video games, word processors and analytical tools create new skills and habits of mind