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- post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a kidney disease that affects the glomeruli (the kidneys).

- It results from bacterial infection, which causes a fast deterioration of kidney function.

- Which is due to an inflammatory response patients experience after a streptococcal infection.

The disorder may affect the kidneys, heart, skin, brain, or joints.

Rawla P, Padala SA, Ludhwani D. Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis. [Updated 2021 Dec 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538255/

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- There is no specialized treatment for the post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) condition. The overall goal is to focus on relieving symptoms patients may experience.

Medications:

- Diuretics drugs and blood pressure medications
* Used to control swelling and high blood pressure.

- Antibiotics medications (such as Penicillin G or erythromycin)
* Utilized to destroy streptococcal bacteria that are
within the patient's body.
* Also aids in preventing nephritis (inflammation of the kidney tissue) in patients who are carriers of the disorder.

Prevention:

- A throat culture should be provided and obtained from the patient, family members, or the patient's close personal contacts.

-Personal hygiene is of vital concern in patients with unknown and known skin infections (must pay attention to this closely!!!).

Long-Term Surveillance:

- Every month for six months and an additional six months after the patient's blood pressure should be closely monitored.

- Every three months after the acute phase for one year and, subsequently, yearly afterward, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels should be monitored closely.

- Every 3-6 months, the patient's urine should be checked and evaluated for the presence of hematuria and proteinuria.

Reference:

Geetha, D., (2021, November 08). Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Treatment and Management. Medscape

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POST STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

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Edema (often pronounced facial and orbital edema, especially on arising in the morning)

Hypertension

Proteinuria

Macroscopic hematuria, with urine appearing dark, reddish-brown

Complaints of lethargy, generalized weakness, or anorexia

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 27). Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: For Clinicians. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Cellular Pathophysiology Including Principal Effectors, Cells, and Antibodies as Applicable. 

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Cellular Pathophysiology Including Principal Effectors, Cells, and Antibodies as Applicable. 

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions are considered immune complex-mediated. Immune complexes are molecules formed when multiple antigens bind to antibodies. These complexes are formed in the blood or other body fluids and later settle in vessel walls or tissues outside the vascular system. The symptom causing result of this is from neutrophils that try to eat the immune complexes. This generally fails and in turn many lysosomal enzymes are sent to the site that causes tissue damage. In glomerulonephritis this results in inflammation in the kidneys.
McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Mosby.

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Does this Condition Conform to the Traditional Definition of the Hypersensitivity Type it Represents?

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Does this Condition Conform to the Traditional Definition of the Hypersensitivity Type it Represents?

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Glomerulonephritis is an allergic reaction that occurs when immune complexes form that contain soluble allergens. In glomerulonephritis, this occurs when streptococcal infection elsewhere in the body causes the formation of immune complexes that circulate and are deposited in the kidneys. Genetic factors and a decrease in tolerance can lead to these autoimmune issues. Glomerulonephritis is not like all other hypersensitivities of its type because the action it creates results in kidney infection after streptococcal infection. This means that the bacteria in circulation are an environmental cause and considered a type III allergic reaction.
McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Mosby.

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- Strep Throat
- Streptococcal Skin Infections (impetigo)

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN). Mount Sinai Health System. (n.d.)

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Overview of Post Strepotoccal Glomerulonephritis 

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Overview of Post Strepotoccal Glomerulonephritis 

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Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis can be referred to as PSGN, it is characterized by rapid deterioration of kidney functions due to a Type III Hypersensitivity response, which is an inflammatory response, following streptococcal infection. This condition results from specific strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci called nephrogenic streptococci. The disease affects the glomeruli and the small blood vessels of the kidneys. PSGN most frequently presents in children 1 to 2 weeks after a sore throat, or 6 weeks after a skin infection (impetigo).

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf. (n.d.).