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Chromatic aberration, also known as color fringing, is a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph. Often, it appears along metallic surfaces or where there's a high contrast between light and dark objects, such as a black wall in front of a bright blue sky.

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to print or display (an image, such as a photograph) with a limited number of tones or colors in a way suggesting or appropriate to a poster

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When photographing an object that also has a pattern, the resulting moiré effect caused by the two patterns can distort the final image. The unique distortion caused by a moiré pattern is known as aliasing.

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JPEG artifacts are caused by compression when an image is saved in the . jpg format. Each time an image is saved in this format it is compressed and “non-essential” data is discarded. The result of compression is that an image can suffer from blockiness, mosquito noise (around edges) and color degradation.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel). A good way to check for barrel distortion is to look for parallel lines in the area you are shooting and see if the lines appear parallel in your image.

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What Is Pincushion Distortion? Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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APS C is an adopted term for the image sensor format approximately the size of the now-defunct Advanced Photo System film negative classic, of 25.1×16.7 mm, with an aspect ratio of 3:2. APS C sensors are cropped sensors that are generally cheaper and easier to travel with than their full frame counterparts.

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The biggest advantage of a full-frame camera is that it has no crop factor. Crop factor means that the image is cut off because the sensor is too small to capture the entire image.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs. Crop factor is a term that describes the difference between your camera's sensor size and a traditional 35mm film frame.

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Byte (Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyt

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Byte (Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyt

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Kilobytes Megabytes Gigabytes Terabytes. The size of information in the computer is measured in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes.

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Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around 1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted.

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Minimalist photography is a form of photography that is distinguished by extreme, austere simplicity.

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Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in America and Britain, drawing inspiration from sources in popular and commercial culture.

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The term is used where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of their art. The Avant-garde in photography are critical of existing aesthetic views. They reject conventional and established norms in photo-art or photo-method.

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Surreal photography represents unconscious ideas, dreams, and emotions.

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Appropriation in art and art history refers to the practice of artists using pre-existing objects or images in their art with little transformation of the original.

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A double exposure is a combination of two images into one where one image is overlaid onto another at less than full opacity.

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Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects.

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Commercial photography is a genre that encompasses any photos used for a business or publication. “It's photography that helps sell things,”

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aerial photography, technique of photographing the Earth's surface or features of its atmosphere or hydrosphere with cameras mounted on aircraft, rockets

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A Histogram is simply a bar graph. A histogram, in photography, is a graph that displays all of the various tones of an image, on a scale from pure white to pure black.

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the photograph allows the artist to eliminate the problem of duration

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Assemblage is art that is made by assembling disparate elements – often everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or bought specially.

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An ND filter acts like a pair of sunglasses by blocking some of the light coming into a camera.

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Cross processing (sometimes abbreviated to Xpro) is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film.

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The honeycomb grid is a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees.

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A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point.

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In photography, a snoot is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam.

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A softbox is a light modifier that confines light from an artificial source into a wire framed box and releases it through a layer of diffusion.

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A monolight is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio. Each monolight has its own independent power source.

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Catch light or catchlight is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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The Curves tool is similar to levels, but it gives you more power to control shadows, highlights, and midtones separately.

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Levels is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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A ring light is a circular light that fits around a camera's lens or is large enough to shoot through it.

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Tilt-shift photography is a creative and unique type of photography in which the camera is manipulated so that a life-sized location or subject looks like a miniature-scale model.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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The ambrotype also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process.

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A Polaroid transfer is an image manipulation technique in which you transfer the image from a Polaroid instant print onto paper, wood, or other substrate. Similarly, a Polaroid emulsion lift involves separating the top layer (emulsion layer) from a Polaroid and placing it on paper or other substrate.

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The photogravure is an intaglio print process that was sometimes used to produce high-quality reproductions of photographs in ink.

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The cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces blue prints using coated paper and light.

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The Chlorophyll Process																							

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The Chlorophyll Process																							

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The chlorophyll process is an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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Split lighting is a lighting technique that lights up half of a subject's face while leaving the other half in a shadow, essentially “splitting” the face.

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Rembrandt lighting is characterized by an illuminated triangle (also called "Rembrandt patch") under the eye of the subject on the less illuminated side of the face.

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Loop lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above.

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Butterfly lighting is a lighting pattern used in portrait photography where the key light is placed above and pointing down on the subject's face.

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Broad lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly.

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Short lighting is a lighting technique used primarily in portrait photography in which the far side of a subject's face is lit relative to the camera.

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is an old style of photograph that creates a photographic image on a thin sheet of metal or iron that has been coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.

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a shot that is devoid of camera movement.

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What is Visual Weight in Photography? Weight or balance are terms that refer to the visual impact of elements in your composition. The stronger an element's visual weight, the more it draws in the eye.

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and image editing the term 'render' or the process of 'rendering' refers to the application of algorithms to a digital image file which convert the image information contained within the file into a viewable format on a viewing device.

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There are six ways an artist can create the illusion of space on a 2-Dimensional surface. Overlapping - occurs when objects that are closer to the viewer prevent the view of objects that are behind them. Placement on the paper - Objects placed higher within the picture plane will appear further away.

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the first completely abstract kind of photograph, composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors.

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is the process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD (charge-coupled device) array capturing device.

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is a single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency. This consistency is usually found within the subjects, environment, photographic process, and presentation or direction of the subject.

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New topographics was a term coined by William Jenkins in 1975 to describe a group of American photographers (such as Robert Adams and Lewis Baltz) whose pictures had a similar banal aesthetic, in that they were formal, mostly black and white prints of the urban landscape.

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the art of long exposure photography that captures of the image of the sun moving across the sky. These exposures can last days, months, even years.

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Kelvin represents the temperature of light directly correlated with the color of the burning carbon at that temperature

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removing light or, in essence, creating shadows to achieve a more dimensional portrait.

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refers to the comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas).

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a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device (or a color space) according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium (ICC).

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even front lighting of a subject, producing little contrast, no shadows, and no modeling.

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the habit of checking every photo on the camera display (LCD) immediately after capture.

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is a fast 50mm lens. The “nifty” part comes from a very wide aperture—under f/1.8. The “fifty” refers to the focal length. A fast 50mm lens is the closest you can get to the human eye. This means low amounts of distortion and a similar field of view.

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"Tog" seems to be becoming more popular as urban slang for "photographer".

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Appearance of print in which tone reproduction is low in contrast, lacking deep blacks or brilliant whites.

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They are those little round, dark spots that just seem to appear out of nowhere!

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Fill light is light used to illuminate (fill in) the shadows in a portrait.

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refers to a special type of photography using films or sensors that have infrared light sensitivity.

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is a photograph made by combining several distinct photographs either made one over another on the same plate or made

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is “a style of portrait/people photography which aims to capture and document real-life events, situations, or milestones in an artistic manner and the art of the everyday”.

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s the art of finding old and abandoned buildings and locations, exploring them, and taking photos as you go.

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is photography of astronomical bodies and celestial events including stars, the moon, the sun, planets, asteroids, and galaxies.

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is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition.

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is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces.

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is a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph.

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mirrorless cameras capture images without the use of a mirror in the camera body.

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A watermark is a logo, piece of text or signature superimposed onto a photograph.

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Clamshell lighting is when the photographer uses two frontal light sources to illuminate the subject, helping to minimize shadows and often giving a glowing effect.

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g is a creative two-light setup that helps to emphasize shadows which adds angles to the face and body.

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reduces the lighting ratio in the scene, meaning there's less contrast between the darker tones and the brighter areas.

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Low-key lighting is a type of lighting style used in photography, film, and television that accentuates shadows, high contrast, and dark tones.

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In photography, film, and television, this lighting style uses minimal shadows with a majority of the frame composed of highlights. This is completely opposite of low-key lighting that relies on high contrast and harsh shadows.

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1. the process by which a beam of light or other system of waves is spread out as a result of passing through a narrow aperture or across an edge, typically accompanied by interference between the wave forms produced.

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IPS stands for In-Plane Switching. It uses liquid crystals to produce the richest colors imaginable. IPS monitors have shifting patterns of liquid crystals to create better viewing angles for photographs.

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An anamorphic lens is designed with additional glass elements that squeeze the image horizontally, allowing filmmakers to capture a wider field of view than the film or digital sensor would ordinarily allow

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ATGNI. Acronym, Definition. ATGNI, All the Gear, No Idea.

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the gradient representation based on the number of colors is called gradation.

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Focus stacking is a technique that allows photographers to create a single image where objects on various focal planes are all in focus.

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The Sunny f16 rule states that, on sunny days, at an aperture of f/16, your shutter speed is the inverse of your ISO value.

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Alternative process photography is a term used to describe any non-traditional photographic printing process.

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. It refers to the moment when all the elements in a photograph come together perfectly to create a meaningful image.