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Us & Canada rich in natural resources.

Us Midwestern & Central provinces of Canada = rich farmland

Resources: forests, coal, oil

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Water routes affect location of people and industry.

Settlers follow rivers to areas, freshwater and good soil for farming & raising cattle.

fish food, recreation of something

River : serve as trade and travel routes

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Economy : system how country manages its resources

// no country in the world has everything

resource : something that can be used to produce goods or services

Study of Economics

Economics : make choice

good : any object people can buy to satisfy a want

service : action people want and need

A Growing Economy

nation produces goods & services to support growing economy

expanding economy -> both people & government can satisfy more wants

high production can sustain growing economy

production : making of goods & services

4 factors

Natural Resources : raw materials that can find in nature and used to make goods

Labor Resources : appropriate knowledge, skills, experiences to make goods for workers

labor : he or she use own time to earn money. (skilled and unskilled)

Capital Resources : Machines, factories, supplies are needed

Entrepreneurs : people who bring these factors together to produce goods and services

The United States Economy

GDP(gross domestic product) : total value of goods & services that country produces a year

way to measure country's economy or compare different countries'

communications, finance, manufacturing, electronics -> affect the people how wealthier in country

The Free Enterprise or Market Economy

buyers & sellers make all decisions

(command economy -> government decides)

mixed economy : buyers & sellers make all decisions with little government interference.

Supply and Demand

consumer : person who uses goods and services

affects what will be produced.

price affects distribution of products.

profit : money that remains after all costs of producing product have been paid

competition : rivalry among businesses to sell goods to consumers and make greatest profit

to achieve these company offer improved product, manufacture it cheaply, or sell it at better price

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Economy : way that business owners use resources to provide the goods and services that people want

(system of coordinatiing / activity)

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North America's vegetation zones are determined by climate and physical geography of region.

Polar and Tundra

Northern Canada & Alaska very cold climate.

20 inches precipitation

Much of ground is frozen so no plants grow

Forest

temperature rain forest

Forest of conifer & broadleaf trees covering much of Canada & northeastern/western & south eastern US

10 to 80 inches precipitation

Temperature vary from mild to cold in different area

Rain Forest

Along Pacific Ocean, precipitation reaches 167 inches.

High trees & ground covered by plants

Grassland

Center of America covered by grasses

30 inches or more precipitation -> all & Thick grasses

Western of land less rainfall -> shorter grasses

People grow grain & raise cattle

Desert

Southwest get less than 10 inches precipitation

Plants in this area have to endure harsh environment

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Many people cross Canadian border

Trade between 2 countries exceeds $1 billion a day

They cooperate on issues

-> security, defense, environment, air

traffic, fishing regulations

Geography -> neighbor

history -> friends

economics -> partner

necessity -> allies

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NAFTA : an agreement between US & Canada & Mexico, eliminating trade barriers

Before NAFTA signed people doesn't like to make free trade

After NAFTA passed total trade between US & Canada & Mexico doubled

Some report NAFTA is not helpful to create enough jobs

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Weather : state of atmosphere near Earth

Precipitation : measuring amount of rain

Climate : typical weather in region in long period

Vegetation : plants grow there

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US culture

is called melting pot/salad bowl...

their culture is cultures from immigrants

Immigrant

someone who chooses to new country.

first immigrants to US : native american

next immigrants : Europeans (Spanish, British/French)

Duties of Citizens

Citizenship - combination of duties and rights of citizen

Citizen must do: pay taxes, serve on juries when get called, obey laws

volunteering: cast an informed vote, serve in the military, volunteer for activities that promote common good

Democracy

rule by the majority (of people)

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Constitution

created by the founding fathers (first leaders)

basis for all US laws

Limited Government

restrict the power of the government

laws that give power to the people

constitution give federal government specific power

(establishing army, waging war, raising money by taxes, making laws)

Constitutional Amendment

changes to the constitution

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments

list specific rights of citizens

Limiting Powers of Government

Federal System

national government : set up army & navy, issues money,

states government :

3 Branches of Government

3 branches share and check powers of each others

Executive Branch

President enforces laws, serves as commander in chief of armed force, conducts foreign affairs

Vice President, 14 executive departments and other key members

Legislative Branch

make laws

ratify treaties

2 houses of congress

Senate : 2 senator elected each 50 states

House of Representatives : 435 members (can be changed)

have some common and separate abilities

Judicial Branch

supreme court(under this court... federal courts, state courts, district courts)

interpret laws

system of federal courts making sure laws and treaties are constitutional

highest one, Supreme Court, with nine justices nominate by President and approved by Senate