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Temuan community | Photo retrieved from Facebook Selangor 10 post.

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The Temuan people who lived in forested areas of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang and Melaka. They are one of indigenous Orang Asli groups in Peninsular Malaysia. Before written records, they delivered their oral tradition through the elders and cultural festival. However, this oral tradition faced challenges because of Malaysian development that leading to some loss of sources. Some of types of Temuan oral tradition:

1. Legends and Myths

2. Pantun

3. Ritual chants

4. Folktales of spirits

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MYTHOLOGY - Mamak Bungsuk and Inak Bungsuk 

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MYTHOLOGY - Mamak Bungsuk and Inak Bungsuk 

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In Temuan mythology, Mamak Bungsuk and Inak Bungsuk, they are like the Temuan version of Adam and Eve. They are the first ancestors of Temuan that survived the great flood and repopulated the community.

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The Bajau Laut also known as the ‘Sea Nomads’ or ‘Sea Gypsies’ are an indigenous maritime community in the coastal regions of Sabah. Their oral traditions reflect a great connection to the sea and their ancestral heritage. They provide insights into the values, social hierarchy and their beliefs related to the marine.

These folklores have traditionally delivered by storytelling, ritual performances, and music. It makes them memorized their oral tradition without written records.

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Hi there! I’m Wafin! Small in size, big on dreams. Not the loudest in the room but always thinking. I enjoy the little things, laugh at my own jokes.

Let’s take a little trip, not around the world, but into the stories that have been passed down in some parts of Malaysia. Basically, folklores are the original tea from our ancestors. Get ready to read about legends, creatures and maybe a few curses.

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The Lotud community are an indigenous ethnic group mainly residing in Tuaran district located in Sabah. This community maintain their rich oral tradition that is necessary to preserve their culture identity.

These stories are performed during important rituals such as the Mohkulas, an inauguration and the Sumalud healing ceremony. They strengthen their cultural values to ensuring their transmission to future generations.

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Minutes 31:26 highlighted about Magombok ritual | [Voltbar Podcast EP29] Dari Semporna ke International: Ratu Lepa 2019 & Perjuangan Penari Berhijab

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A significant practice among Bajau Laut community. This ritual serves as an essential part of their relationship with the ocean.

Magombok – performed to ensure the safety and blessing of the ocean spirits

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[Voltbar Podcast EP29] Dari Semporna ke International: Ratu Lepa 2019 & Perjuangan Penari Berhijab

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This story is about a beautiful woman from an aristocratic family named Arung Salamiah. Many men admired by her look but she in love with a man from different social class named Tanjung Kalang.

This led to her family’s disapproval and led them to arrange a marriage with a man from an equal status with her named Datu Atik. He is a man who has many wives and an oppressor.

Refused to obey her family’s wishes, Arung Salamiah decides to hide and disappear from everyone. Some believed that she vanished into the sea while others say she turned in a spirit.

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In this padlet, we’re going to delve into folklores on various cultures in Malaysia and to highlighting their cultural significance and values that passed across different regions.

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The Bidayuh community elders (iloveborneo.com)

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The Bidayuh community, one of the native groups of Borneo residing in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. Has a rich oral tradition that plays a significance role in their culture, identity and history.

Before writings and education evolved, the Bidayuhs deliver their knowledge and beliefs by passed down from generation to generation. Same goes the Bidayuhs folklores that usually delivered by the elders. This tradition was historically spread orally, if face challenges in the modern era in making documentation for cultural preservation.

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Bobolian doing the rituals (Source: Jikat Binol Darimbang, 13 August 2020.)

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A Lotud oral poetry that tells the creation myth of Lotud people. It is performed as healing ritual especially for house inaugurations called Mohlukas. They believe that the spirits gathered and created Mamanpang to keep balance between the human world and the spirit world. It needs to recite by Lotud priestess called Bobolian who are the keepers and the spiritual leaders in the community.

Mamanpang became a sacred chant filled with the story of creation, the names of ancient spirits and the rules of life. This chant has been used in many rituals in Lotud community. Through this oral tradition, the Lotud people can ensuring that their identity remains alive.

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This story was adapted into a musical theatre production to share its tragic tale with the community.

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1. BIDAYUH

2. LOTUD

3. BAJAU LAUT

4. DAYAK KENYAH

5. TEMUAN

6. REFLECTION

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This traditional folk songs used to be used as a medium in the treatment of the sick, but nowadays tradition is no longer practiced, they have been transformed into songs for cultural performances.

This song serves as moral story teaching important values of the important of balance and the respect towards nature. It also portray a struggle between good and evil.

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Orang Asli tradition song- Genabax vs Bernisoi #orangasli #genabax #bernisoi #nordinHockchannels

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Animation of Bambaazon | PETRONAS Kaamatan 2021: Bambaazon

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For the Lotud community, these spirits are more than ancient tales. They are part of daily life. Through these entities, it preserves a deep connection between physical and spiritual worlds.

Bambazoon – rice spirits to agricultural life and harvest festival.

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Photo from Youtube : Lisa Siha | Tarian Langgie Pingadap

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These rituals reflect their belief with nature, spirit and community life. Each rituals carries deep cultural meaning and shaping identity of the Bidayuh people

1. Miring / Ngangah – To bless the land and to seek protection from illness or badluck.

2. Langgie Pingadap Dance – To worship the spirit of the paddy.

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Suku Dayak Kenyah (Foto : instagram.com/aldiriandana)

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The Dayak Kenyah are an indigenous Dayak ethnic groups in Sarawak. Like other indigenous groups, the Dayak Kenyah people also traditionally passed down their beliefs and knowledge orally. Oral storytelling was the main way to preserve their identity and educate the youngers in the community.

Besides folklores, their oral tradition also in form of poetic verses, music and oral genealogy (Panutan). These traditions survived in documentation and Gawai Dayak festivals. Today, the Kenyah community have welcomed modern lifestyles while keep their heritage alive.

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Parap is a sacred ritual chant in Kenyah culture, it's a part of their oral tradition that used to commnunicate with the spirits and ancestors.

Parap – often used during ceremonies and performed with musical instruments named ‘sape’.

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MELAWAN PENJAJAH: Makam Datu Timang di Desa Jorong. (Foto : Hanapi Yannoor Tajeli For Radar Banjarmasin) | photo retrieved from radarbanjarmasin.jawapos.com

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FAMOUS STORYTELLING - The Legend of Datu Timang

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FAMOUS STORYTELLING - The Legend of Datu Timang

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A story about a man name Datu Timang.

They believes that Datu Timang has a power where his blowpipe or known as 'sumpit' can search for its own target.

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The Bidayuh belief involves the nature spirits of ancestors and the nature.

1. Antu – the word 'Antu’ describe the soul of dead people who passed away.

2. Petara – the deities or higher spirits that give guides to the way of life.

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Well known Sarawak Folklores book | Photo from goodreads.com

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The Bidayuh community keep their rich tradition alive by passing down creation tales from one generation to the next. It’s explain how their people came from and how they become connected to the land around them.

1. The legend of Bung Bratak – become a symbol of bravery, tragedy and ancestral roots.

2. The legend of Kaleng Buran – become a symbol of love.

3. The Story of Sikokok - become a symbol of connection between humans and animals.

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Pantun holds an important place in a form of oral poetry and verbal art. Kenyah pantun often delivered orally during social gatherings, ceremonies and rituals. It plays as a medium to express emotions and strengthen bonds within the community.

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Illustrates of 'Remaong' from Facebook Legend of Dayak page

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Remaong is a symbol of bravery and protection. He represents the spiritual bond between the Kenyah and the forest. His story teach the community about the respect for tradition, humility and ancestral wisdom.

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Aik Muyang ritual is a sacred ritual practiced by the Temuan people. It's a way to communicate or connecting with their ancestors known as moyang. It's usually held at near the rivers and waterfalls.

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Harvest ritual ( Hari Menuai ) is deeply spiritual and communal event that celebrates the end of the harvesting rice season.

This celebration is to appreciate the earth for it's generosity for giving rich land for rice planting.

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As a nation made up of various ethnic groups and indigenous communities, there are countless customs, beliefs, and traditions. Learning new thing about others culture is very important in our community in Malaysia. We lived in a diverse culture, and we should acknowledge about others too. Through this learning process, I have gained a deeper understanding of the diversity of cultural traditions that exist in Malaysia.

I was fascinated by how these communities has their own rituals, myth, and belief. Many of these cultural practices and stories were not part of what we learned in school. But, by exploring them in our own, we can gain deeper understanding and knowledge with the people we share community with. For example, I notice that they would welcome people from others community to joined them especially if there’s a festivals or feasts being held. This show that they are not isolated themselves from others, it’s just us who don’t want to explore and get to know about them.

By learning about these diverse communities, I realized that cultural awareness is not only about recognizing their unique traditions but also understanding the meaning, values and significance behind it. It helps us develop empathy and avoid prejudice in this society. Learning about cultures that I have studied, it opened my eyes about the values of respect for nature and unseen world. Their resilience to a constant changing environment reflects a deep relationship between the nature and human.

This reflection has inspired me to be more open minded and culturally aware in my daily life. I hope there’s someone or an organization can keep their tradition written on the internet. In this modern era, they should preserve their heritage through the internet, so that people can recognize them more. I also hope to keep learning about other Malaysian communities and support the preservation of our rich cultural diversity.