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United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, June 1972, Stockholm

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United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, June 1972, Stockholm

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This conference was the first meeting of nations that came together to discuss the environment; the nations created an Action Plan and the Stockholm Declaration. The Stockholm Declaration had 26 principles decided upon between internationally developed and underdeveloped countries. These principles consisted of environment impact concerns which would affected the air, water, oceans, and the well-being of people. The Action Plan had three main goals consisting of: Global Environmental Assessment Programme, Environmental management activities, and supporting international assessment and management activities. These goals were supported by 109 recommendations divided between the three goals.

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The European green deal was unveiled in December in 2019. This plan includes the entire EU to partake in the transformation of Europe into a more sustainable, and environment friendly continent by the year 2050. The EU will accomplish this goal via the European Green Deal which include policies that include protecting biodiversity, energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Green Deal promotes a society that embraces the circular economy reducing our current negative impact on the earth.

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"Silent Spring" was written by Rachel Carson. This book, was published in 1962, is credited with igniting the present-day environmental movement. In "Silent Spring," Rachel Carson expresses her worries about pesticides' indiscriminate usage and the damaging effects it has on the environment, wildlife, and people's health. She draws attention to how ecosystems are interconnected and issues a warning about the potential long-term effects of widespread chemical pesticide use. By raising public awareness and influencing legislative reforms in pesticide use in the US, Carson's powerful and compelling writing sparked a rise in environmental consciousness and conservation initiatives.

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Kyoto Protocol and Paris Protocol, 1997 and 2015

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Kyoto Protocol and Paris Protocol, 1997 and 2015

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The Kyoto Protocol was adopted on 11 December 1997 with 192 countries targeting the reduction of green house gases in  countries. In 2012, the Doha amendment was added which included: new commitments for Kyoto Protocol countries who agreed into the commitment, a revised list of GHG to be reported, and renewals to the original amendments. The Paris Protocol was created in 2015 to “increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.” For the first time all nations came together to organize a climate change agenda by supporting each other financially, technologically, and capacity-building for developing countries.

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The first Earth Day took place on April 22nd, 1970 celebrating the beginning of a modern environmental movement that is still relevant today. Back in the 70’s, there was a concern with gas consumption from automobiles used by humans. Air pollution grew to a concerning, evident level and during the year of 1969, government figures became involved and Earth Day was born. Earth Day was a movement that was supported by various political parties, working classes, cultures, etc. It created an unexpected unity, all in favor of preserving our environment. Acts of preservation followed the start of Earth Day, including the start of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and various environmental laws.

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The Seveso Disaster occurred on July 10th, 1976, in the Lombardy region, just outside of Milan. The disaster that occurred involved an industrial error with a chemical plant in the community of Seveso, harming  the people of Seveso and surrounding neighborhoods. The harmful chemical event was created by a broken valve that exhausted a dioxin called TCDD, which is extremely toxic. The health effects were discovered both immediately and as time went on following the incident. To those exposed to the toxins, complications in liver, immune, and reproductive health were reported. Ultimately, years later, an excessive mortality rate could be determined from the health complications resulting from the disaster. The Chernobyl disaster took place ten years later on April 26th, 1986 in the north of Ukraine. This disaster made international headlines as being one of only two nuclear accidents at a 7 rating, which is the most extreme rating. The explosion of the reactor caused by operating errors required evacuation and abandonment of Chernobyl, as well as being labeled the worst nuclear accident in history. 31 people died due to immediate effects, however it has been reported that 4,000 deaths can be estimated from the eventual effects of the radiation exposure.

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Seveso Disaster & Chernobyl Disaster - Audrey

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Seveso Disaster & Chernobyl Disaster - Audrey