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●      Print and digital information comes in many forms, including newspapers, magazines and pamphlets.

Print and digital information contributes to an individual's socialisation through:

-  Current and accurate data; for example, information given to new parents helps them to make informed decisions- this may be especially true for new parents who are learning which behaviours are normal and which need to be checked
-  Moulding and shaping young people's behaviour; children as young as five are taught to read, print information, and to use the internet.

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●      Allows for communication to a large number of people in a relatively short time.

●      From a young age, children are exposed to the media, whether they are directly engaged with it or it is present in the background.

●      The media influences socialisation by:
-  creating and reinforcing, or breaking down stereotypes
-  creating an awareness of global issues and campaigns
-  providing role models that behave in a certain way or align with a certain image
-  creating an understanding of others by showing different cultures and people of differing socioeconomic statuses
-  creating or dispelling fallacies or incorrect information
-  establishing or breaking down gender roles

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●      These include social networks, such as Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter, instagram, Skype, and study forums, such as ​Bored of Studies.

●      These networks foster interconnections between people based on interests.

●      It is important for teens to understand the privacy settings in online networks to ensure security and safety

●      Online networks influence the socialisation process through:
-  Online profiles that enable people with similar interests and backgrounds to connect, regardless of physical proximity.
-  a sense of belonging achieved through online groups
-  providing instant gratification, which can be both positive and negative

A lack of supervision can lead to the misuse of this type of technology

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●      Health professionals are people within the community who have studied to care for the community members' health.

●      E.g. include doctors, nurses, dentists, physiotherapists, psychologists and counsellors.

Health professionals aid in the socialisation process through:
-  checking on the development of infants and children to ensure they are meeting their developmental milestones, if these milestones are not achieved the socialisation process may be delayed, or need extra support
-  offering confidentiality and accurate information makes health professionals a common choice for young people going through the socialisation process
-  counselling - specifically, providing clear and practical advice that helps young people to think about their behaviour in real situations

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●      Paid carers are those people who are paid (through employment) to care for young people.

●      They may come in the form of nannies or babysitters, or employees at family day care, long day care, preschool and school centres.

●      Paid carers influence socialisation through:
-  setting clear and appropriate rules and establishing boundaries for behaviour
-  fostering learning
-  encouraging communication
-  providing opportunities for positive risk taking
-  providing opportunities for leaderships and independence
-  applying appropriate discipline
-  teaching about gender roles.

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●      Peers are people who are generally the same age, share the same interests and live in close proximity to an individual

●      Peers aid in the socialisation process by helping an individual to:
-  feel acceptance and belonging, which may contribute to a positive self-concept
-  learn independence and decision-making away from the family unit
-  learn communication skills
-  learn to problem-solve and resolve conflict
-  learn gender roles
-  learn empathy and sympathy through observing others' situations.

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●      Relatives are blood relations. Relatives in the extended family include grandparents, cousins, aunts and uncles.

●      Relatives in the extended family:
-  usually share the same values as the immediate family
-  share the same culture
-  share in a similar upbringing
-  may live in the same household
-  are usually the first people parents will rely upon when looking for child care.

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The socialisation of children and its influence on the construction of gender

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The socialisation of children and its influence on the construction of gender

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Socialisation plays a role in understanding what it means to be a male or a female. Biologically, we are differentiated by our sexual organs; socially, we are differentiated by the roles and behaviours we are expected to assume because of our sex. Therefore, socialisation contributes to the perception that individuals will behave in a certain way because they are male or female.

For individuals, gender roles dictate:

the colours they wear

the toys they are given

the activities they do

the sports they play

how they are treated by others

the careers they choose

the roles they undertake in a family.