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The Scientific Revolution was a period of time in which people started to gain curiosity of what was going on around the world, things like math, traveling and discovery of new things were expanded here.

Sub-events:
-Geocentric Theory.
-Heliocentric Theory.
-Tycho Brahe's discoveries of movements of planets.
-Kepler's law of planetary motion.
-Galileo's theories about astronomy and telescope.

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
During this time, Mexico was experiencing Spanish Conquests.

Contributions to Democracy:
This wasn't the peak of contribution to Democracy, however, you can say this was the beginning of questioning the government. Is everything they are saying right? Is this way of ruling fair? Should we be under an Absolute Monarchy? This were some questions that would emerge during this time.

Contribution to Human Rights construction
Thanks to Secularization it was easier to develop human rights. The Scientific Revolution was like the start of Enlightenment, period in which thinkers developed ideas like the Bill of Rights and the Social Contract were developed.

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The Enlightenment was a period of time in which a new intellectual movement generated reason and thought for each individual to solve problems by their own. This was also a time in which the Church and Absolute Monarchies were questioned.

Sub-events:
-Thomas Hobbes' men are born evil
-John Locke's LLP
-Voltaire's Secularism
-Montesquieu's Division of Power
-Rousseau's Social Contract
-Denis Diderot Encyclopedia
-Beccaria's Judgement before execution

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
Mexico, conquered by Spain, became a colony of the Spanish Empire.

Contributions to Democracy:
At this time, actual ideas of what could be changed emerged, the ideas like Liberty, Life and Property, Secularism and the Social Contract emerged here, which would be FUNDAMENTAL for Democracy.

Contribution to Human Rights construction:
Enlightenment ideas were the base of Human Rights, especially John Locke's and Rousseau's ideas. When Natural Rights were formed, Human Rights started to construct.

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American Revolution (19 April 1775 - 3 September 1783)

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American Revolution (19 April 1775 - 3 September 1783)

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The American Revolution was a period of time in which the 13 Colonies that were ruled by Great Britain, decided to get their own Independence based on the Enlightenment Ideas that originated in France.

Sub-events:
-Glorious Revolution
-Navigation Act
-French and Indian War
-Stamp Act
-Boston Tea Party
-Declaration of Independence
-Bill of Rights

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
The Population of the territory was increasing, Spaniards were already here and it became popular in Spain, Spaniards started traveling more often to Mexico.

Contributions to Democracy:
This is an example of Democracy put into action, the American Colonies did not like being ruled by a Monarch, so they fought for their Independence and thus, achieved Democracy.

Contributions to Human Rights construction:
Thanks to their Revolution, they started putting the Natural Rights Enlightenment ideas into action in their country along with Democracy.

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French Revolution (5 May 1789 - 9 November 1799)

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French Revolution (5 May 1789 - 9 November 1799)

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The French Revolution was a period of time in which the French people, more specifically the lowest class at the time (3rd class), decided that the punishments and work that they were receiving from the upper levels was unfair, they got inspired by the American Revolution and decided to do revolts in France, aiming for a change in government.

Sub-events:
-Old Regime
-France's Economic Problems
-Estates General
-Taking of the Bastille
-National Assembly
-Reign of Terror
-National Convention
-Directory

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
The Bourbon Reforms brought more possibilities in the market for Mexico.

Contributions to Democracy:
The French were trying to stop the Absolute Monarchs at the time and instead wanted to get a Democracy so that the 3rd state could have a fair power. This is a good contribution to Democracy since we can see how wanting to achieve Democracy can lead to conflicts.

Contribution to Human Rights construction:

The equality between levels, freedom of speech, end of slavery and Enlightenment ideas applied.

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The Napoleonic Empire was a period of time that is liked with the French Revolution, during this time, Napoleon got to be the Monarch of France by doing a coup d'etat, He was at first a good Monarch that made some good changes of France. This didn't last for long and his avarice of having power led to his downfall.

Sub-events:
-Napoleon leads a French Army
-Napoleon's coup d'etat
-Plebiscite
-Napoleonic Code (Including Concordat and Lycées)
-Loss of American Territories
-Napoleon Conquers Europe
-Battle of Trafalgar
-Continental system
-Peninsular War
-Russia's Invasion
-Waterloo Fight
-Hundred Days
-Congress of Vienna

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
Because Napoleon was experiencing issues in Europe, his power over New Spain (Mexico) weakened, this would later help the Latin American's achieve their Revolution, indirectly.

Contributions to Democracy:
During this period, educating the people and establishing a more Democratic government was seen here for things such as a more stable economy and Secularism.

Contribution to Human Rights construction:
The main contributions were having a more civil liberty, Secularism and a more established economy.

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Latin American Independence (1804 - 1822)

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Latin American Independence (1804 - 1822)

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The Latin American Independences were a period of time in which some colonies of Latin America saw that in the 13 Colonies and in France, they were achieving Revolutions and Independences. They took advantage of the difficult situation Europe was facing and they decided to rebel against their rulers, who were also European.

Sub-events:
-Social classes division
-Haiti's Revolution and Independence
-Venezuela's Independence
-Argentina's Independence
-Mexican Independence
-Brazil's Independence

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
Mexico entered in a Revolution, they didn't want to be a Spanish Colony anymore, the "Grito the Dolores" and the Declaration of Independence happened during this span of time.

Contributions to Democracy:
Somewhat similar to the American Revolution and French Revolution, The purpose of the Latin American Independences was to get rid of rulers and instead change into a Democracy, in which there was no unfair action against citizens that weren't high rank, and even in some cases, slavery, like the case of Haiti.

Contributions to Human Rights construction:
The right of being able to have Rights, basic Human Rights, which some people like the slaves in Haiti didn't have, that's the main contribution from the Latin American Independence.

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Revolutions in Europe was a period of time in which plenty of countries fought between themselves and with other countries, the Congress of Vienna was proven to be useless and chaos erupted in Europe at the same time that Latin America was getting it's Independence.

Sub-events:
-Different ideologies and ideas
-Nationalism
-Greek's Independence
-Belgian's Riots against Dutch
-Louis Napoleon III
-Alexander II

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
Mexico achieved its Independence and was left in a very poor state, they were building their restoration and changing of Leaders. The Pastry war also occurred here.

Contributions to Democracy:
These Revolutions influenced the Constitutions, NATIONALISM, Feudalism was also ended in Russia and these Revolutions would also influence other countries to do the same or similar.

Contribution to Human Rights construction:
Another ideology fighting against the old regime, establishing differences between different ideals which we can still see nowadays.

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The Unification of Italy was a period of time in which Italians didn't like to be ruled by a foreign ruler, they wanted to be ruled by someone within Italy, so they tried to unify the country with the help of Piedmont-Sardinia and Nationalism.

Sub-events:
-Italian Nationalist's discontent of foreign rule
-Count Camillo di Cavour appointment of Sardinia
-Franco-Sardinian alliance and Austria defeat in Northern Italy
-Giuseppe agrees to unify Italy
-Addition of Venetia and Papal States

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
After some wars, Mexico was achieving it's restoration, but, the 2nd French Intervention happened, this was led by Napoleon III.

Contributions to Democracy:
Nationalism was a very important part here, uniting together a country by having the same ideals was also a contribution here, leadership and Diplomacy was also relevant to Democracy.

Contribution to Human Rights construction:
Similar to the Unification of Germany, feeling a part of a community and feeling Nationalism is a great contribution to Human Rights.

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Similar to the Italians, the Unification of Germany was a period of time in which Germany was unified by Prussia, The Austrian Empire had ownership over the German states, however, Prussia had plans to unify Germany to become stronger.

Sub-events:
-Formation of German Confederation
-Prussia's Advantages that later created a Constitution
-Bismarck appointed as Prime Minister
-Seven Week's War and Prussia's expansion
-Franco-Prussian War

What was happening in Mexico at the time?
During these times, there was a General Election in Mexico in which Benito Juarez was Elected, in the following years, Porfirio Diaz would become the president of Mexico, he would later drive Mexico in what is popularly known as "Porfiriato".

Contributions to Democracy:
Nationalism was the main contribution we can see here.

Contribution to Human Rights construction:
Feeling a part of a community and of a Nation-state in which you are protected and can feel Nationalism

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Admin. (2023b). Unification of Italy [1848 -1871]: Background, events and aftermath. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/unification-of-italy-1848-1871/#:~:text=The%20Unification%20of%20Italy%20was,as%20the%20unification%20of%20Germany.

BBC News. (2018b, December 3). Mexico profile - Timeline. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19828041#

Milestones: 1861–1865 - Office of the Historian. (n.d.-b). https://history.state.gov/milestones/1861-1865/french-intervention#:~:text=In%201862%2C%20French%20Emperor%20Napoleon,Austria%2C%20as%20Emperor%20of%20Mexico.

MAIN SOURCE OF INFORMATION:

Roger B. Beck ... [et al.](2012) Modern world history : patterns of interaction /Orlando, FL. : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Pub. Co.

Brush, S. G., Osler, M. J., & Spencer, J. B. (2019, May 3). Scientific Revolution | Definition, History, scientists, inventions, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution