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URL: https://www.facebook.com/100089652487462/posts/pfbid02gQ1bnWJYDAnEZsDfXVTySvuLr8PYXJQTzP8Ls5a5iReH5N7VMgQTYbrgLLX3WsLnl/?mibextid=P0eUH2

TITLE: Yung gandang ganda ka sa damit na binili mo sa Shein kahit alam mong produkto yan ng child labor sa Malaysia at overwork Sila pero underpayed...

AUTHOR: Winter Xoda

DATE PUBLISHED: Aug. 10, 2023

KEY INFO: The author, Winter Xoda rants about the product of child labor in Malaysia and how they are overworked but underpaid. That said, it's important to recognize that the responsibility for the labor conditions in the fashion industry lies with the companies involved, including Shein.

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Winter Xoda - Yung gandang ganda ka sa damit na binili mo...

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Yung gandang ganda ka sa damit na binili mo sa Shein kahit alam mong produkto yan ng child labor sa Malaysia at overwork Sila pero underpayed...

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URL:

https://www.rappler.com/nation/northern-mindanao-most-number-child-laborers-philippines/

TITLE: Northern Mindanao has most number of child laborers in PH

AUTHOR: Bobby Lagsa

DATE PUBLISHED: Jun. 10, 2022

KEY INFO: DOLE-Northern Mindanao identifies Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental, Lanao del Norte, and Misamis Occidental as the provinces in the region where child labor remains prevalent

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Northern Mindanao has most number of child laborers in PH

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DOLE-Northern Mindanao identifies Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental, Lanao del Norte, and Misamis Occidental as the provinces in the region where child labor remains prevalent

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URL:

https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/13/23/child-labor-on-the-rise-ilo-says

TITLE: Child labor on the rise, ILO says

AUTHOR: Abu-Bakarr Jalloh, Deutsche Welle

DATE PUBLISHED: Jun. 13, 2023

KEY INFO: The International Labor Organization, a specialized United Nations agency first set aside June 12 to mark World Day Against Child Labor in 2002.

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Children walk on rocks placed in front of a home in the West Point coastal slum community in Monrovia, Liberia, October 23, 2021 (issued October 25, 2021). Ahmed Jallanzo, EPA-EFE/File

The International Labor Organization, a specialized United Nations agency first set aside June 12 to mark World Day Against Child Labor in 2002.

The most recent ILO reports cite conflicts, crises and the COVID-19 pandemic as the reasons for the increase in child labor. It has "plunged more families into poverty - and forced millions more children into child labor".

"Observed on June 12th, the day is intended to serve as a catalyst for the growing worldwide movement against child labor," the ILO says on its website.
AFRICAN CHILDREN LACK PROTECTION
According to UNICEF, population growth, recurring crises, extreme poverty and inadequate social protection measures have led to an additional 17 million girls and boys engaging in child labor in sub-Saharan Africa over the past four years.

The Durban Call to Action, adopted at the 5th Global Conference for the Elimination of Child Labor in 2022, was set as the "blueprint for turning the tide against child labor" under a strong legal framework, universal access to education, and poverty alleviation.

But ILO says "economic growth has not been sufficient, nor inclusive enough, to relieve the pressure that too many families and communities feel and that makes them resort to child labor."

The UN agency estimates that more than 72 million children in sub-Saharan Africa - nearly one in five - are affected by child labor.

Speaking at an event in Geneva to mark the occasion, ILO Assistant Director-General Manuela Tomei said child labor is on the rise for the first time in 20 years.

"It worries me that in an era of many rapid advances..., so many children are still left behind," Tomei said.
WORKING CHILDREN IN AFRICAN
The ILO describes child labor as any work or economic activity that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular schools, and is mentally, physically, socially, or morally harmful.

Child labor has deep historical roots in Africa. It is common for children to assist their families in activities such as farming.

However, the ILO differentiates between traditional family work and exploitative child labor that deprives children of their rights and education.

Cameroonian labor expert Alex Soho says poverty is the main driving factor for many communities to rely on child labor across the African continent. "The income is so low that they cannot afford to hire adult labor, so they have to rely on their kids," Soho said.

Cameroon's capital, Yaounde, is teeming with young vendors. Most are children aged between seven and 14 who occupy major intersections and markets - often working until well into the night.

Eight-year-old Kevin and 10-year-old Lea work in Yaounde's populous neighborhoods during school vacations.

"I sell water to help my parents pay for my exercise books for the new school year," Kevin told DW.

"And I sell peanuts to pay for my school supplies," Lea added.
DURBAN CALL TO ACTION
Chantal Zanga, a school principal in Cameroon, is concerned. "I'm against the street trading that children do," said Zanga. "The child has a right to protection. If we send them to the streets, who will protect them?"

It was against this backdrop that experts and child welfare activists met for the 5th World Conference on the Elimination of Child Labor in Durban, South Africa, last month, to discuss stricter measures for the protection of children.

Tomei says the Durban Call to Action has one clear message: "The promotion of decent work for adults is key to eradicating child labor."

The ILO's 2023 action plan to eradicate child labor includes achieving social justice worldwide, ratifying a global minimum working age and effectively implementing the Durban Call to Action's three core strategies.

"I am convinced with renewed resolve, ending child labor is within reach," Tomei told the Geneva conference on Monday.
USED AS LABOR BY PARENTS
Child street vendors face daily dangers: traffic, weather and sexual violence. Juliette Lemana, 12, sells safous, a fruit also known as a plum, and roasted plantains in Yaounde.

"Mama sent me to sell," she told DW, adding that recently a motorcycle ran over her classmate. "Sometimes we come home at night and we can't find our way."

Cameroon's law prohibits child labor, according to Pauline Biyong, president of the League for the Education of Women and Children.

"Cameroon has ratified many articles to protect children. This phenomenon should be marginal, but unfortunately, we observe in our cities that children are used as labor by their parents. This is not normal," she said.

Economic hardship has forced many children to work in the gold mines of countries such as Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo, or as child soldiers in countries such as South Sudan.
DENIED AN EDUCATION
The ILO estimates that 2.1 million children work in cocoa production in Ivory Coast and Ghana. Around two-thirds of the cocoa produced worldwide comes from Africa.

Nestle has built classrooms for children in cocoa-growing areas. "The problem of child labor is real," Toussaint Luc N'Guessan, Nestle's program manager, told DW.

On the streets of Maiduguri in Nigeria's Borno State, many children work at the request of their parents.

"My father brought me here to learn tailoring," one boy told DW. "Sometimes, I earn 150 nairas ($0.36/€0.35)."

Adamu Umar - who has 15 children - admitted to DW that he also makes his children work as street vendors to supplement the family income.

But their commitment to their families is costing them dearly, as aid organizations complain that children are denied schooling and education and thus a better life.
Editor: Benita van Eyssen RELATED VIDEO

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Some 160 million children worldwide are still being put to work, according to the International Labor Organization.

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URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-21514716?fbclid=IwAR1eMgBLbown_w8iYn56RAZ3bOnHf9MlfFjZzTeMNzCuJzqUmELYA778lZY

TITLE: Filipino workers speak of abuse by employers overseas

AUTHOR: Kate McGeown

DATE PUBLISHED: Feb. 20, 2013

KEY INFO: Many people faced with limited job options and grinding poverty in the Philippines have decided to look for work overseas.

However, far from finding a better life, many find themselves being forced into slave labor.

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Many people faced with limited job options and grinding poverty in the Philippines have decided to look for work overseas.

However, far from finding a better life, many find themselves being forced into slave labour.

Kate McGeown reports.

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Many people faced with limited job options and grinding poverty in the Philippines have decided to look for work overseas - but they risk being forced into slave labour.

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URL: https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_855019/lang--en/index.htm

TITLE: 50 million people worldwide in modern slavery

AUTHOR: ILO NEWSROOM

DATE PUBLISHED: Sept. 12, 2022

KEY INFO: This article discusses how contemporary slavery is an issue in almost every country, impacting individuals from all walks of life. Surprisingly, wealthy nations account for more than half of all forced labor and a quarter of all forced marriages. It demonstrates the need of everyone working together to address this global issue.

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GENEVA (ILO News) - Fifty million people were living in modern slavery in 2021, according to the latest Global Estimates of Modern Slavery. Of these people, 28 million were in forced labour and 22 million were trapped in forced marriage.

The number of people in modern slavery has risen significantly in the last five years. 10 million more people were in modern slavery in 2021 compared to 2016 global estimates. Women and children remain disproportionately vulnerable.

Modern slavery occurs in almost every country in the world, and cuts across ethnic, cultural and religious lines. More than half (52 per cent) of all forced labour and a quarter of all forced marriages can be found in upper-middle income or high-income countries.

Forced labour

Most cases of forced labour (86 per cent) are found in the private sector. Forced labour in sectors other than commercial sexual exploitation accounts for 63 per cent of all forced labour, while forced commercial sexual exploitation represents 23 per cent of all forced labour. Almost four out of five of those in forced commercial sexual exploitation are women or girls.

State-imposed forced labour accounts for 14 per cent of people in forced labour.

Almost one in eight of all those in forced labour are children (3.3 million). More than half of these are in commercial sexual exploitation.

Forced marriage

An estimated 22 million people were living in forced marriage on any given day in 2021. This indicates an increase of 6.6 million since the 2016 global estimates.

The true incidence of forced marriage, particularly involving children aged 16 and younger, is likely far greater than current estimates can capture; these are based on a narrow definition and do not include all child marriages. Child marriages are considered to be forced because a child cannot legally give consent to marry.

Forced marriage is closely linked to long-established patriarchal attitudes and practices and is highly context specific. The overwhelming majority of forced marriages (more than 85 per cent) was driven by family pressure. Although two-thirds (65 per cent) of forced marriages are found in Asia and the Pacific, when regional population size is considered, the prevalence is highest in the Arab States, with 4.8 people out of every 1,000 in the region in forced marriage.

Migrants particularly vulnerable to forced labour

Migrant workers are more than three times more likely to be in forced labour than non-migrant adult workers. While labour migration has a largely positive effect on individuals, households, communities and societies, this finding demonstrates how migrants are particularly vulnerable to forced labour and trafficking, whether because of irregular or poorly governed migration, or unfair and unethical recruitment practices.

"It is shocking that the situation of modern slavery is not improving. Nothing can justify the persistence of this fundamental abuse of human rights," said ILO Director-General, Guy Ryder. "We know what needs to be done, and we know it can be done. Effective national policies and regulation are fundamental. But governments cannot do this alone. International standards provide a sound basis, and an all-hands-on-deck approach is needed. Trade unions, employers' organizations, civil society and ordinary people all have critical roles to play."

António Vitorino, IOM Director-General, said: "This report underscores the urgency of ensuring that all migration is safe, orderly, and regular. Reducing the vulnerability of migrants to forced labour and trafficking in persons depends first and foremost on national policy and legal frameworks that respect, protect, and fulfil the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants - and potential migrants - at all stages of the migration process, regardless of their migration status. The whole of society must work together to reverse these shocking trends, including through implementation of the Global Compact on Migration."

Grace Forrest, Founding Director of Walk Free, said: "Modern slavery is the antithesis of sustainable development. Yet, in 2022, it continues to underpin our global economy. It is a man-made problem, connected to both historical slavery and persisting structural inequality. In a time of compounding crises, genuine political will is the key to ending these human rights abuses."

Ending modern slavery

The report proposes a number of recommended actions which, taken together and swiftly, would mark significant progress towards ending modern slavery. They include: improving and enforcing laws and labour inspections; ending state-imposed forced labour; stronger measures to combat forced labour and trafficking in business and supply chains; extending social protection, and strengthening legal protections, including raising the legal age of marriage to 18 without exception. Other measures include addressing the increased risk of trafficking and forced labour for migrant workers, promoting fair and ethical recruitment, and greater support for women, girls and vulnerable individuals.

Notes to editors
Modern slavery, as defined for the report, is comprised of two principal components - forced labour and forced marriage. Both refer to situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or cannot leave because of threats, violence, coercion, deception, or abuse of power. Forced labour, as defined in the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29), refers to "all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily". The 'private economy' includes all forms of forced labour other than state-imposed forced labour.

Contacts:
For further information and to arrange media interviews, please reach out to the following contacts:

International Labour Organization
ILO Department of Communication
Email: newsroom@ilo.org
Tel: +41 22 799 7912

Walk Free
Martina Ucnikova
Email: mucnikova@walkfree.org
Tel: +61 458 029 760

International Organization for Migration
Kennedy Okoth
Email: Kokoth@iom.int
Tel: +41 22 717 9702

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50 million people worldwide in modern slavery

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Latest estimates show that forced labour and forced marriage have increased significantly in the last five years, according to the International Labour Organization, Walk Free and the International Organization for Migration.

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URL: https://www.dowjones.com/professional/risk/resources/risk-blog/the-rise-of-modern-slavery-and-its-place-in-corporate-compliance?fbclid=IwAR35CRY1kuyk09NrGRyUwKUeFSSAtpnvKQ6DhI9JNnU5rCCztndKRx3J6JQ

TITLE: The Rise of Modern Slavery and Its Place in Corporate Compliance

AUTHOR: Dow Jones Risk & Compliance

DATE PUBLISHED: Feb. 22, 2023

KEY INFO: A panelist attempted to give perspective on modern slavery's impact on businesses throughout the webinar by presenting thought-provoking questions to the audience. These questions focused on how firms deal with modern slavery, how they comply with worldwide regulations, and how they demonstrate a lack of modern slavery episodes in their operations.

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Highlights From Our Webinar on Modern Slavery and the ESG Compliance Paradigm

Joel Lange
General Manager,
Dow Jones Risk &
Compliance

Gavin Proudley
Head of Third Party Risk
Proposition,
Dow Jones Risk &
Compliance

Andrey Sawchenko
Regional Vice President,
Forced Labor Programs,
Asia Pacific, IJM

Andrew Wallis OBE
CEO, Unseen

The current estimates are that 27.6 million people are held in situations of forced labor. In terms of economics, 150 billion in profit per annum gets quoted. But you need to realize that that figure is 10 years out of date. We have just begun to understand the scale and reach of modern slavery around the globe and we now estimate that figure is somewhere approaching, if not north of, half a trillion dollars profit per annum. It's a huge - Andrew Wallis OBE, CEO, Unseen endemic problem.

Where forced labor thrives, so does the destruction of natural resources. In fact, slavery is at the root of much of the world's environmental destruction, such as illegal deforestation, illegal and unreported fishing, brick making, strip mining and other natural resource extraction. Negative environmental impacts are also driving poor communities into even more vulnerable situations relative to modern slavery crimes.- Andrey Sawchenko, Regional Vice President, Forced Labor Programs, Asia Pacific, IJM

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The Rise of Modern Slavery and Its Place in Corporate Compliance

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As ESG moves to the forefront of conversations about corporate values and ethics, it is shining a spotlight on the global epidemic of modern slavery.

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URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlWAMWfmnVQ

TITLE: Exposing SHEIN: Child Labor, Stolen Designs & Poisonous Clothing

AUTHOR: SLOAN

DATE PUBLISHED: Jul. 01 ,2022

KEY INFO: This vlog, created by SLOAN, discusses SHEIN, a major fashion company, and its controversial labor practices, particularly its reliance on low-cost labor. It's noteworthy that the workers themselves have come forward to discuss the long hours they're expected to work. This raises ethical concerns, especially for a company of SHEIN's size.

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Exposing SHEIN: Child Labor, Stolen Designs & Poisonous Clothing

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URL: https://www.statista.com/chart/4937/modern-slavery-is-a-brutal-reality-worldwide/?fbclid=IwAR3X5e9hUygiH6_kbRUICCkcGdZKLHnBq5lTleJV7jng7AKo0krAw2tjzoM

TITLE: Modern Slavery Is A Brutal Reality Worldwide

AUTHOR: Florian Zandt

DATE PUBLISHED: Dec. 02, 2021

KEY INFO: In 2018, the Global Slavery Index by the Walk Free Foundation counted a shocking 40.3 million people trapped in slavery across 167 countries. India had the most in 2016, but that dropped to around eight million in 2018. This shows the fight against modern slavery is making a difference.

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Infographic: Modern Slavery Is A Brutal Reality Worldwide

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This chart shows the estimated number of people living in modern slavery in 2018.

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5.) LOCAL OR NATIONAL NEWS VIDEO SEGMENT

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5.) LOCAL OR NATIONAL NEWS VIDEO SEGMENT

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/IOMPhilippines/videos/iom-with-support-from-the-global-fund-to-end-modern-slavery-gfems-is-rolling-out/512400253257765/

TITLE: IOM, with support from the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery

AUTHOR: IOM Philippines

DATE PUBLISHED: Apr. 21, 2021

KEY INFO: IOM is carrying out the IMPACT Project with assistance from GFEMS, which improves the Bangsamoro government's capacity to combat human trafficking while educating BARMM communities.

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IOM, with support from the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery #GFEMS, is rolling out the Improving Migrant and Community Preparation and Awareness to... | By IOM Philippines | Facebook

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IOM, with support from the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery #GFEMS, is rolling out the Improving Migrant and Community Preparation and Awareness to...

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E377-bPcxdg

TITLE: What is modern-day slavery? BBC World News Impact programme

AUTHOR: Ryna Sherazi

DATE: Aug. 02, 2019

KEY INFO: "Anti-Slavery International's Ryna Sherazi on BBC World News Impact programme discussing modern slavery and how it changed since first African slaves were brought to America 400 years ago." (Anti-Slavery International, 2019)

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What is modern-day slavery? BBC World News Impact programme

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URL: https://www.rappler.com/nation/135060-philippines-strong-efforts-slavery-2016-report/

TITLE: PH making ‘strong efforts’ vs slavery – report

AUTHOR: Katerina Francisco

DATE: Jun. 02, 2016

KEY INFO: Despite its meager resources, the Philippines distinguishes out in the battle against modern slavery. With a BB grade, it is rated fifth in the 2016 Global Slavery Index, and it is attempting to protect victims and make some types of slavery illegal. However, it confronts difficulties due to its sensitivity to typhoons, natural catastrophes, and corruption.

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In the 2016 Global Slavery Index, the Philippines ranks 13th in the Asia-Pacific region, with an estimated 401,000 of its citizens trapped in modern slavery

MANILA, Philippines - Despite having fewer resources, the Philippines is among several countries exerting strong efforts to fight the problem of modern slavery, according to the 2016 Global Slavery Index.

In the report prepared by Australia-based organization Walk Free Foundation, the Philippine government's response to the problem merited a rating of BB, the 5th highest rating.

This rating recognizes that the government has introduced a response to the problem, including short-term victim support services, protection for those vulnerable to modern slavery, and the declaration of some forms of modern slavery being illegal.

Modern slavery refers to situations of exploitation that a person cannot leave because of threats, violence, coercion, abuse of power or deception.

According to the report, an estimated 45.8 million people are trapped in modern slavery, with 2/3 of them in the Asia-Pacific region. The Philippines currently ranks 13th in the region in terms of prevalence, and 33rd out of 167 countries globally.

In the Philippines, the most prevalent forms of modern slavery include forced labor, especially for Filipinos working abroad; commercial sexual exploitation; and the use of child soldiers. The report also noted the forced labor and exploitation of fishermen engaged in Pa-aling fishing, a dangerous technique in which fishermen dive down into reefs of up to 100 feet, while breathing through a long tube connected to compressed air.

Despite these problems, the report said the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand have had the strongest responses against modern slavery in the Asia-Pacific region.

"These countries have reasonably strong victim support services, specialized law enforcement units, effective and measurable [National Action Plans], and laws, policies and programs that address cycles of vulnerability," the report said.

The Philippines remains a regional leader in its response to fight modern slavery, particularly when it comes to protecting overseas Filipino workers (OFWs).

The report noted the country's Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking, which coordinates with all relevant government agencies to protect Filipinos against various forms of modern slavery.

To protect its overseas labor force, the Philippines has also implemented a wide range of mechanisms, including setting up assistance resource centers in various countries, and requiring pre-deployment verification of employment contracts for prospective OFWs, among others.

The report also commended the victim recovery and reintegration programs initiated by non-governmental organizations in the Philippines. These programs, which allow survivors to develop vocational skills and get medical and legal support, empower victims and allow them to break the cycle of slavery.

To further strengthen safeguards against exploitation, Walk Free Foundation said the Philippines should act to contain the factors that make Filipinos more vulnerable to slavery. It noted that the country's vulnerability to typhoons and natural disasters, as well as the persistent problem of corruption, make Filipinos more vulnerable to human trafficking. - Rappler.com

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PH making 'strong efforts' vs slavery - report

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In the 2016 Global Slavery Index, the Philippines ranks 13th in the Asia-Pacific region, with an estimated 401,000 of its citizens trapped in modern slavery

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UK Migration & Modern Slavery Envoy Andrew Patrick visits the Philippines

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8.) PUBLIC SERVICE MESSAGE OR PROMOTIONAL VIDEO

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8.) PUBLIC SERVICE MESSAGE OR PROMOTIONAL VIDEO

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URL: https://fb.watch/nijwCu3lv_/

TITLE: UK Migration & Modern Slavery Envoy Andrew Patrick visits the Philippines

AUTHOR: British Embassy Manila

DATE PUBLISHED: Apr. 12, 2023

KEY INFO: UK Migration and Modern Slavery Envoy Andrew Patrick recently met with law enforcement, government agencies, and civil society groups to talk about the problems of human trafficking and online exploitation of children.

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Log into Facebook to start sharing and connecting with your friends, family, and people you know.

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2021 as Int’l Year for the Elimination of Child Labor

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URL: https://car.dole.gov.ph/news/2021-as-intl-year-for-the-elimination-of-child-labor/

TITLE: 2021 as Int’l Year for the Elimination of Child Labor

AUTHOR: DOLE, Patrick T. Rillorta

DATE PUBLISHED: Sept. 20, 2023

KEY INFO: Northern Mindanao had the highest proportion at 22.1 percent while the National Capital Region had the lowest at 5.4 percent. Working boys (62.9 percent) outnumbered working girls (37.1 percent). In celebration of 2021 as the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labor, the Department of Labor and Employment was tasked to take the lead in its implementation through activities aimed at raising awareness on the issue of child labor in the Philippines.

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Message at the 2022 World Day Against Child Labour in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) 

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URL: https://www.ilo.org/manila/public/sp/WCMS_850824/lang--en/index.htm

TITLE: Message at the 2022 World Day Against Child Labour in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)

AUTHOR: International Labour Organization

DATE PUBLISHED: Jul. 08, 2022

KEY INFO: BARMM or the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao has issues of

child labor. It is not ideal but it also presents a lot of opportunities for a transitioning government to work on. It is important that children are always considered at the core of the peace and development priorities of BARMM. The children, after all, are the future of this region. The ILO remains steadfast in supporting efforts to eliminate child labor. The children, after all, are the future of this region.

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Minister Muslimin Sema and MOLE officials;

Bangsamoro Youth Commission Chairperson Marjanie Macasalong and officials

Members of the Project Advisory and Review Committee (PARC)

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh!
Today is a significant day, especially for our children in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), as the region celebrates the World Day Against Child Labour.

The 2020 Global Estimates on Child Labour released by ILO and UNICEF showed that the number of children engaged in child labour has increased globally -160 million girls and boys remain in child labour, half of them in hazardous work, 112 million in agriculture. It was also observed that an increase of 8.9 million are among children aged 5-11.

Those are the global figures. Here in our Asia-Pacific Region, continued progress has been observed in reducing child labour, including in the Philippines.

The universal ratification of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 199 (No. 182) by all ILO member States keeps us hopeful and committed. This affirms the resolve of governments, workers, and employers' organizations all over the world to eliminate child labour. We are now joined by other United Nations Agencies (UNICEF and FAO in particular), international and civil society organizations, and many others.

But the emergence of crises such COVID-19 pandemic, conflicts, and disasters in the recent years pushed families deeper into poverty and increased the risk of child labour among children, especially the vulnerable ones. It is during these times when social protection becomes increasingly important.

The ILO and UNICEF report on "The role of social protection in the elimination of child labour", which informed the Durban Conference, highlights the importance of social protection in minimizing family vulnerability and poverty, thereby reducing the key drivers of child labour. Families who are provided with social protection have better chances of recovery thus lessening the risk of their children being engaged in child labour.

In the Durban Call to Action, among the areas which participants committed to scale up action is universal access to social protection.

Nationally, the ILO has been supporting the government through the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) on the establishment of a social protection floor for the Philippines. We hope that these initiatives would provide guarantees for basic income security for children, person in active age, older persons, and access to essential health care.

The BARMM is also an important area for the ILO. The region ranks third with the highest percentage of children engaged in child labour according to the recent PSA Labour Force Survey. ILO hopes to help address this situation.

In partnership with the Ministry of Labor and Employment and other relevant ministries and offices in BARMM, the ILO is implementing the Achieving Reduction of Child Labour in Support of Education Project (ARISE). With funding support from the Government of Japan, the project aims to help reduce the worst forms of child labour in the agricultural and rural communities in BARMM through:

improvements in education services and opportunities;

economic empowerment and social mobilization of farming communities; and

improvement of regulatory framework and institutional development of the elimination of child labour.

The child labour situation in BARMM is not ideal but it also presents a lot of opportunities for a transitioning government to work on. It is important that children are always considered at the core of the peace and development priorities of BARMM. The children, after all, are the future of this region. Sukran! Wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
The issue of child labour is a complex issue. While it is the government's fundamental duty to protect its constituents, especially children, multi-stakeholder efforts are required to prevent and eliminate child labour. The ILO remains steadfast in supporting efforts to eliminate child labour. Indeed, we are all in this together. We share your aspiration for a world in which there is no longer child labour. A child labour-free Bangsamoro para sa Batang Malaya!

May peace be upon us all!

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Message at the 2022 World Day Against Child Labour in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)

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By Mr Khalid Hassan, Director, ILO Country Office for the Philippines at the 2022 World Day Against Child Labour in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), 8 July 2022, Cotabato, Philippines

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URL: https://www.iri.org/podcasts/made-in-slavery/

TITLE: Made in Slavery Podcast

AUTHOR: Eleonora Mongelli

DATE PUBLISHED: No date indicated

KEY INFO: Eleonora Mongelli, human rights expert and Vice President of the Italian Federation for Human Rights (FIDU), created a four-episode podcast titled 'Made in Slavery'. The podcast reveals the intricate schemes through which the People’s Republic of China (PRC) leverages global market brands to exploit forced labor of Uyghurs, a Turkish-speaking Muslim minority living in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. The podcast aims to expose how the brands involved directly or indirectly, as well as the PRC, strengthen their economic power and international market presence thanks to the profits derived from the use of Uyghur forced labor, extremely low-cost production and supply chains that have been opaque until now.

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Made in Slavery is a four-episode podcast written by Eleonora Mongelli, human rights expert and Vice President of the Italian Federation for Human Rights

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https://www.ted.com/talks/richard_lee_slavery_still_exists_here_s_how_to_end_it

TITLE: Slavery still exists. Here's how to end it.

AUTHOR: Richard Lee

DATE PUBLISHED: October 2017

KEY INFO:
By uncovering the complex web of factors that perpetuate modern-day slavery, Richard Lee's efforts inspire us to join the fight and work towards a world where this heinous crime no longer exists.

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Richard Lee: Slavery still exists. Here's how to end it.

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For Americans, slavery is the stuff of history books, sailing ships and shackles. Richard Lee's work with International Justice Mission shines a light on the complex socioeconomics of modern day slavery around the world, and offers hope for combatting it.

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URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137297297

TITLE: Modern Slavery: The Margins of Freedom

AUTHOR: Julia O'Connell Davidson

DATE PUBLISHED: September 30, 2015

KEY INFO: This book offers an original and thought-provoking viewpoint in discussions about slavery. It connects the research on transatlantic slavery with studies on various contemporary issues like informal sector labor, child labor, migration, debt, prisoners, and sex work. By doing so, it aims to question and reevaluate prevailing beliefs and policy discussions regarding modern slavery.

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Highly original, the first to provide a critical take on the debate on slavery

This book demands of the academy-and human rights campaigners-a marked shift in direction. It advances the world of modern slavery studies and anti-slavery activism towards understanding

Author Julia O'Connell Davidson is a leading scholar of modern slavery and is regularly approached by the media to comment on issues such as prostitution, trafficking, sex tourism and child prostitution

This is an important and timely publication, with the UK and US currently working towards new bills and foundations to help reduce modern slavery. The Walk Free Foundation estimates that modern slavery affects more than 35 million people across the world today - making it a matter high on the political agenda

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Table of contents (8 chapters)

About this book

Providing a unique critical perspective to debates on slavery, this book brings the literature on transatlantic slavery into dialogue with research on informal sector labour, child labour, migration, debt, prisoners, and sex work in the contemporary world in order to challenge popular and policy discourse on modern slavery.

Reviews

"It is a beautiful example of interdisciplinary humanities and social sciences scholarship. Davidson's work should push us to move across disciplinary boundaries to improve the quality and broaden the audience of our work. ... it would be a worthwhile addition to any undergraduate- or graduate-level seminar on slavery. ... This compelling, persuasive, and confident book does the important work of showing that scholars can bring historical scholarship into conversation with contemporary issues." (Whitney Stewart, H-Slavery, networks.h-net.org, July, 2017)

"This book is an essential read for anyone who wants to understand the complex discursive histories of the anti-trafficking movement, and it will be of great interest to the readers of Border Criminologies." (Ilse van Liempt, Border Criminologies, law.ox.ac.uk, January, 2017)

"Passionately written, brilliantly researched and replete with powerfully logical analysis, Julia O'Connell book should be required reading for anyone claiming leadership in today's 'new abolitionist movement.' Modern Slavery and the Margins of Freedom establishes beyond dispute that today's self-described antislavery movement fails to address the fundamental realities of what slavery actually is and what is driving its rapid expansion all over the globe. Why, the book asks, do today's abolitionists focus so narrowly on certain forms of enslavement while utterly ignoring so many other equally heinous practices? The deeply disturbing answers to this question demand that today's abolitionists reexamine our beliefs and revise our basic assumptions." - James Brewer Stewart, Founder, Historians Against Slavery and James Wallace Professor of History Emeritus, Macalester College, USA

"In this boldly provocative and challenging book, Julia O'Connell Davidson asks searching questions of contemporary initiatives to end slavery and the mobilization of the idea of 'modern slavery'. 'Modern slavery', she argues, is less a clearly definable phenomenon than a site of political contestation over, among other things, what it means to be human. O'Connell Davidson rigorously calls into question the definitions being used by NGOs and other actors and asks whose interests are being served by the new abolitionist campaigns. The clarity of exposition and the humanity of the argument leave no doubt as to her own political commitments to justice in this latest moral battleground over issues of global inequality.' - Gurminder K. Bhambra, Professor of Sociology, University of Warwick, UK and author of Rethinking Modernity and Connected Sociologies

"In this powerful critique of the 'new abolitionists' and their limited vision of the meanings of slavery and freedom, Julia O'Connell Davidson draws on the rich literature on transatlantic slavery together with ethnographic and interview research on forms of labour defined by some as 'modern slavery' to challenge new orthodoxies. Ranging from discussions of the specificity of chattel labour in the New World to child migrants and sex-workers in today's global economy, she raises vital questions as to what it means to be a person, what it means to be free? 'Modern slavery', she convincingly demonstrates, should be thought of as a zone of political contestation rather than a thing, urgently in need of debate and analysis. Modern Slavery: the Margins of Freedom is a vital contribution to that debate.' - Catherine Hall, Professor of Modern British Social and Cultural History, UCL, UK

'Modern Slavery: The Margins of Freedom is a compelling and timely book. In this richly contextualized volume, Julia O'Connell Davidson charts the fraught stakes of framing the fight against human trafficking as a global struggle against "modern slavery". She delivers an incisive critique of the various actors, from NGOs to state governments, their political investments, and dominant discourses driving the popular "new abolitionist" advocacy campaigns. By connecting "modern slavery" to the historical forms of servitude that preceded it, Davidson's provocative study explores the liberal ideologies that underlie these public campaigns and fuel the unprecedented expansion of immigration detention and border policing in western democratic states. Modern Slavery is an essential read for anyone who wants to understand the complex discursive histories of the anti-trafficking movement.'- Edlie L. Wong, University of Maryland, US

About the author

Julia O'Connell Davidson is Professor of Sociology at the University of Bristol, UK. Her research interests include employment relations, sex work, childhood, migration, trafficking and slavery, and she is author of Children in the Global Sex Trade (2005), Prostitution, Power and Freedom (1998), and Privatization and Employment Relations (1993).

Bibliographic Information

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Highly original, the first to provide a critical take on the debate on slavery This book demands of the academy-and human rights campaigners-a marked shift in direction.

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URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434777

TITLE: Addressing Modern Slavery

AUTHOR: Nolan, J. & Boersma, M. (2019). Addressing Modern Slavery. UNSW Press, Sydney.

DATE PUBLISHED: Aug. 09, 2019

KEY INFO: Modern slavery endures despite its official abolition. People globally, whether women in electronics and apparel sweatshops, children in brick kilns or cocoa farms, or men on construction sites, are forced into labor through coercion. In a world marked by growing inequality and trade-offs between the privileged and the marginalized, consumers, businesses, and governments all play roles in both the problem and the solution. While we've embraced fast fashion and cheap consumer goods, these often come at the cost of human exploitation. "Addressing Modern Slavery" explores contemporary slavery and suggests ways to end it.

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Nolan, J. & Boersma, M. (2019). Addressing Modern Slavery. UNSW Press, Sydney.

Posted: 9 Aug 2019 Last revised: 26 May 2020

Date Written: 2019

Abstract

An estimated 40 million people are modern-day slaves, more than ever before in human history.

Long after slavery was officially abolished, the practice not only continues but thrives. Whether they are women in electronics or apparel sweatshops, children in brick kilns or on cocoa farms, or men trapped in bonded labour working on construction sites, millions of people globally are forced to perform labour through coercion, intimidation or deceit. In a world of growing inequality and trade-offs between the haves and the have-nots, consumers, business and government are all part of the problem and the solution. While we have all become accustomed to fast fashion and cheap consumer goods, the affordability of these commodities often comes at the price of human exploitation. Addressing Modern Slavery examines slavery in the modern world and outlines ways it can be stopped.

Keywords: modern slavery, modern-day slaves, slavery, bonded labour, sweatshops

Nolan, Justine and Boersma, Martijn, Addressing Modern Slavery (2019). Nolan, J. & Boersma, M. (2019). Addressing Modern Slavery. UNSW Press, Sydney., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3434777

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An estimated 40 million people are modern-day slaves, more than ever before in human history. Long after slavery was officially abolished, the practice n

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Computer Graphic Design for Social Responsibility: Spring 2016 “Slavery in the 21st Century” 

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URL: https://wavewritingandvisualexpression.wordpress.com/slavery-in-the-21st-century-a-wave-exhibit-of-writing-art-and-activism/computer-graphic-design-for/

TITLE: 168 Million Children

AUTHOR:  Jocelyn Larnick

DATE PUBLISHED: No date indicated

KEY INFO: She explained in detail the challenges they faced during her visit and shared her personal viewpoint on the matter. Learning about these people's daily struggles deeply moved her, inspiring her to create a design that reflects their journey.

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WKzVyhqL40

TITLE: Modern Slavery - Short documentary

AUTHOR: Stephanie Harris, Maddie Natoli-Jimenez, and Matthew McLeod

DATE PUBLISHED: Dec. 01, 2020

KEY INFO: In 2020, 21 UNSW students teamed up with WIL Central for a project. They worked on creating resources for a Modern Slavery Prevention Toolkit to teach UNSW students, staff, and others about modern slavery and how we can fight it together.