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Lice are ectoparasites that infest humans and survive by feeding on human blood.

Lice are tiny, wingless insects.
Lice spread from person to person through close contact and by sharing belongings.

There are three types of lice:Lice found on each area of the body are different from each other.

Head lice found on the scalp. They're easiest to see at the nape of the neck and over the ears.

Body lice that live in clothing and bedding and move onto the skin to feed. Body lice most often affect people who aren't able to bathe or wash clothing often, such as homeless people.

Pubic lice, also called crabs, that occur on the skin and hair of the pubic area. Less often, they may be found on coarse body hair, such as chest hair, eyebrows or eyelashes.

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Common signs and symptoms of lice include:

Intense itching on the scalp, body or in the genital area.

A tickling feeling from movement of hair.

The presence of lice on your scalp, body, clothing, or pubic or other body hair. Adult lice may be about the size of a sesame seed or slightly larger.

Lice eggs (nits) on hair shafts. Nits may be difficult to see because they're very tiny. They're easiest to spot around the ears and the nape of the neck. Nits can be mistaken for dandruff, but unlike dandruff, they can't be easily brushed out of hair.

Sores on the scalp, neck and shoulders. Scratching can lead to small red bumps that can sometimes get infected with bacteria.

Bite marks, especially around the waist, groin, upper thighs and pubic area.

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Head lice can affect anyone. A person with head lice does not have poor personal hygiene or lives in an unclean environment. Anyone with hair is vulnerable to head lice.

Lice are most commonly spread through head-to-head contact by crawling from one hair to another among children and adults who have close head-to-head contact. Head lice do not jump or fly from one person to the next.

How is it spread?
- Direct hair-to-hair contact (most common) Sharing hats, combs, hairbrushes, hair accessories, helmets, or headphones
- Human head lice cannot live on pets such as cats and dogs.

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1. Chemical treatments For Lice
Most pharmacies sell lice-killing shampoos, lotions, rinses, and sprays that can be purchased over-the-counter, Permethrin, pyrethrins, dimethicone, and isopropyl myristate are a few examples. To ensure that any newly hatched head lice are killed before they have a chance to lay eggs, most lice treatments are repeated after 7 to 10 days. Even when a medication is effective, itching may continue for 7 to 10 days. If one person in the household has head lice, there is a good chance other household members do as well.

2.  Wet Comb Method
Brushing hair with a nit comb with fine teeth is used to remove live lice and their nits from human hair. Wet-combing breaks the reproduction cycle by removing all lice, nymphs, and nits before they have a chance to develop into adult lice and reproduce.

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1. American Public Health Association. Heymenn DL, ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 19th Edition, Washington: American Public Health Association, 2008, pages 452-455.
2. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, Long SS, eds. Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 28th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL,: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015.

3. https://ca.style.yahoo.com/nits-hair-super-lice-how-to-get-rid-105321702.html
4.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lice/symptoms-causes/syc-20374399
5.Cafasso, J. (2019, March 8). Body lice infestation: Causes, symptoms & diagnosis. Healthline. Retrieved October 29, 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/body-lice

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Overview

Lice are tiny, wingless, parasitic insects that feed on human blood. Lice are easily spread - especially by schoolchildren - through close personal contact and by sharing belongings.

There are three types of lice:

Head lice. These lice are found on your scalp. They're easiest to see at the nape of the neck and over the ears.

Body lice. These lice live in clothing and on bedding and move onto your skin to feed. Body lice most often affect people who aren't able to bathe or launder clothing regularly, such as homeless individuals.

Pubic lice. Commonly called crabs, these lice occur on the skin and hair of the pubic area and, less frequently, on coarse body hair, such as chest hair, eyebrows or eyelashes.

People can have good personal hygiene and still get lice. Unless treated properly, this condition can become a recurring problem.

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of lice include:

Intense itching on the scalp, body or in the genital area.

Tickling feeling from movement of hair.

Lice on your scalp, body, clothing, or pubic or other body hair. Adult lice may be about the size of a sesame seed or slightly larger.

Lice eggs (nits) on hair shafts. Nits may be difficult to see because they're very tiny. They're easiest to spot around the ears and the nape of the neck. Nits can be mistaken for dandruff, but unlike dandruff, they can't be easily brushed out of hair.

Sores on the scalp, neck and shoulders. Scratching can lead to small red bumps that can sometimes get infected with bacteria.

Bite marks especially around the waist, groin, upper thighs and pubic area.

When to see a doctor

See your doctor if you suspect a lice infestation. Things often mistaken for nits include:

Dandruff

Residue from hair products

Bead of dead hair tissue on a hair shaft (hair cast)

Scabs, dirt or other debris

Other small insects found in the hair

Causes

Lice feed on human blood and can infest the human head, body and pubic area. The female louse produces a sticky substance that firmly attaches each egg to the base of a hair shaft. Eggs hatch in six to nine days.

You can get lice by coming into contact with either lice or their eggs. Lice can't jump or fly. They spread through:

Head-to-head or body-to-body contact. This may occur as children or family members play or interact closely.

Proximity of stored belongings. Storing infested clothing in closets, lockers or on side-by-side hooks at school, or storing personal items such as pillows, blankets, combs and stuffed toys in proximity at home can permit lice to spread.

Items shared among friends or family members. These may include clothing, headphones, brushes, combs, hair decorations, towels, blankets, pillows and stuffed toys.

Contact with contaminated furniture. Lying on a bed or sitting in overstuffed, cloth-covered furniture recently used by someone with lice can spread them. Lice can live for one to two days off the body.

Sexual contact. Pubic lice usually spread through sexual contact and most commonly affect adults. Pubic lice found on children may be a sign of sexual exposure or abuse.

Prevention

It's difficult to prevent the spread of head lice among children in child care and school settings. There's so much close contact among children and their belongings that lice can spread easily. It's no reflection on your hygiene habits or those of your children, and it's not a failure on your part as a parent if your child gets head lice.

Some over-the-counter products claim to repel lice, but more scientific research is needed to prove their safety and effectiveness.

A number of small studies have shown that ingredients in some of these products - mostly plant oils such as coconut, olive, rosemary and tea tree - may work to repel lice. However, these products are classified as "natural" so they aren't regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and their safety and effectiveness haven't been tested to FDA standards.

Until more research proves the effectiveness of head lice prevention products, the best approach is simply to take thorough steps to get rid of the lice - and their eggs - so that you don't have more lice to deal with.

Ask your child to avoid head-to-head contact with classmates during play and other activities.

Instruct your child not to share personal belongings such as hats, scarves, coats, combs, brushes, hair accessories and headphones.

Tell your child to avoid shared spaces where hats and clothing from more than one student are hung on a common hook or kept in a locker.

However, it's not realistic to expect that you and your child can eliminate all the types of contact that may result in the spread of lice.

Your child may have nits in his or her hair but not necessarily develop a case of head lice. Some nits are empty eggs. However, nits that are found within 1/4 inch (6.4 millimeters) of the scalp should be treated - even if you find only one - to prevent the possibility of hatching.

Nits that are farther away from the scalp are probably from an old infestation, but should be removed to prevent a recurrence.

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Lice are tiny, wingless, parasitic insects that feed on human blood. Lice are easily spread - especially by schoolchildren - through close personal contact and by sharing belongings. There are three types of lice: Head lice. These lice are found on your scalp. They're easiest to see at the nape of the neck and over the ears.

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Most health departments do not require reporting of head lice infestation. However, it may be beneficial for the sake of others to share information with school nurses, parents of classmates, and others about contact with head lice.