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The East Indian Company, a large British corporation that first served as a trading company then further grew into a powerful military and political organization, which took over India.

The British came to India for mainly trade, but to mostly establish colonies, and were eager to spread Christianity as well.

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King Leopold II was given power over the Congo Territory by agreeing on regulations that he wasn't going to abide by. The European Powers and the US, were tricked into agreeing to give King Leopold the possession of Congo at the Berlin Conference in 1884, which took place to decide on who had the colonial power over Central Africa. Leopold had a strong desire for valuable goods such as rubber and ivory, which then lead to the large amount of deaths and severity of the abuse on the slaves. He disguised his intentions and brutal acts performed on the people of Congo. By spreading the message of, wanting to colonize the Congolense to "improve" the Africans lives, by bringing a civilization. Which therefore gave him the name of the "Greatest Salesman".

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“King Leopold II of Belgium Establishes the Congo Free State: 1885 - Document - Gale in Context: World History.” 2014. Go.gale.com. 2014. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/FUCQWS205662623/WHIC?u=mlin_m_wellhigh&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=053f8a2b.

“Reparations Draw UN Scrutiny, but Those Who’d Pay Say Little.” 2021. AP NEWS. September 28, 2021. https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-general-assembly-africa-caribbean-united-states-middle-east-7954470f191f811d6bcc65542faa6f32.

Tharoor, Shashi. 2015. “Dr Shashi Tharoor MP - Britain Does Owe Reparations.” YouTube Video. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7CW7S0zxv4.

“Redirect Notice.” 2014. Www.google.com. 2014. https://www.google.com/url?q=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/ZSLWXG711761720/WHIC?u%3Dmlin_m_wellhigh%26sid%3Dbookmark-WHIC%26xid%3Da0dc63f8&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1668561452958115&usg=AOvVaw3My1rXaRu6JhqvZxe5eVdI.

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Just like India, the DRC was colonized for access to goods and resources. In this case, the trade goods were slaves.

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Even today, descendants of these African slaves suffer through discrimination. Many live in impoverishment, and don't receive many financial opportunities due to being completely pulled down the social ladder. After gaining independence, they had to climb back on the ladder and start over again. While everyone else, already has a head start, Africans had to start fresh while still dealing with racism from others and restrictions by laws. While these White people were enslaving Africans, an idea was being created that white people are better, smarter, and had more control than the rest of the races. Slaves suffered and were tortured by the Europeans, which was masked by the idea of the white people bringing enlightenment to the black people. As well as taking these slaves, they noticed how beneficial their natural resources can help them with medicine, materials to support that the Industrial Revolution, and Also due to the strip of their natural resources, the Africans lost lots of their wealth and suffer economic disadvantage, poverty and underdevelopment.

How? King Leopold II (The Second King of the Belgians; the patron of exploitation), disguised his motives by creating humanitarian organizations, and justified his actions through social darwinism. Therefore implying that these acts weren’t actually humanitarian. They were disguised, and really what  was behind all these acts was brutal labor. A little over half of the Congolese, died from these severe punishments and starvation.

Why? To be able to exploit the Congolese people in order to make profit.
Another Why? To be able to utilise the natural resources (including direct trading routes) that come along with slaves.

These slaves were used to further sustain the Rubber Industry (1890) after multiple failed attempts of persisting trade with oil and ivory. Rubber was a high-demand good because it was a basic necessity needed to make popular items like tires, hoses, wires and more. The slaves were extra help to collect these rubbers. Many of the families of slaves that did not give the required amount of rubber suffered severe and brutal consequences.

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The Kohinoor Diamond is an example of a valuable, jewel that was taken from India and still embedded in the crown of Queen Elizabeth and worth $400 million. 

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Now, India’s share of the world’s economy was 23% prior to the British. After the British left the percentage stooped down below 4%. India went from world famous exporters, to becoming dependent on import. At this point, the Indians were in huge rescission, suffering through poverty and hunger.

Motivation #1:
How? The British acquired government power through military force.

Why? For easy granted access to raw materials/sources

Another Why? To gain more troop members to fight in wars

Alike the DRC, the Indians were colonized by the British for many reasons, one of them being for trade. India was known as "Spice Island", spices and jewels were taken from them by the British so they could take ownership of these rare trades.

Surprisingly enough, 1/6 of the British military forces were Indian. The Indians had to pay more than a billion pounds to provide equipment for the British.  More than 200,000 died, wounded, locked up or went missing.