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Germantic languages spoken by tribes of angles, saxons and jutes from northem Europe who moved into the British Isles in the fifth century

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described for a different and basic terms in the language:
Mann ("man"), Wif ("woman"), cild ("child"), mete ("food"), etan ("eat"), drincan ("drink"), and feohtan("fight").

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Some conversational words in Old English

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c.600Anglo-Saxon language covers most of modern-day England

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c.600Anglo-Saxon language covers most of modern-day England

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It stands in much the same relationship to modern English as Latin does to the Romance languages, the English language developed from the West Germanic dialects spoken by the Angles, Saxons, and other Teutonic tribes who participated in the invasion and occupation of England in the fifth and sixth centuries. As a language, Anglo-Saxon, or Old English, was very different from modern English

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were converted to Christianity and a number of term in latín come in to English at that time.
The origins of the contemporary English Words:
angel, bishop, candle, church, fever, martyr, plant, priest, school, and temple.

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Anglo Saxon Period: History of English Literature | Major Writers & Works

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c.800Old English epic poem “Beowulf” composed

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c.800Old English epic poem “Beowulf” composed

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Old English epic poem "Beowulf" composed

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Old English Epic Poem "Beowulf" By Betania Cabrera Origins of Beowulf Background and historicity Beowulf is an epic poem composed in Old English consisting of 3,182 lines. It is written in the alliterative verse style, which is common for Old English poetry as well as works

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arrived of the Norma French in England, after their victory at hastings under William the conqueror in 1066.
fo that reason teh French-Speaking invaders became the ruling class, so the language was civilized in England, that words was like: "army, arrest, court, defense, faith, govern,marry, prison, punish and tax".

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How the Normans changed the history of Europe - Mark Robinson

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1154 “The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle” discontinued

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1154 “The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle” discontinued

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The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles make the English some of the first to record their own history as a people in text. A year by year account is given in nine manuscripts beginning at the year 60 BC and continuing to 1154 AD

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they was the Vikings, that with their came the original forms of words:
"die, get, give, law, leg, skin, sky, take, they, their, and tem"

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OLD NORSE IN ENGLISH: The words the Vikings left behind

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c.1370William Langland writes “Piers Plowman”

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c.1370William Langland writes “Piers Plowman”

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The poem, a mix of theological allegory and social satire, concerns the narrator/dreamer's quest for the true Christian life in the context of medieval Catholicism. This journey takes place within a series of dream visions; the dreamer seeks, among other things, the allegorical characters Dowel ("Do-Well"), Dobet ("Do-Better"), and Dobest ("Do-Best"). The poem is divided into passus ('steps'), the divisions between which vary by version.

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1362 The Statute of Pleading replaces French with English as the language of law.

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1362 The Statute of Pleading replaces French with English as the language of law.

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The pleading in English Act often rendered statue of pleanding was an Act of the Parliament of England, the Act complained that because the French language was much unknown in England, the people therefore had no knowledge of what is being said for them or against them in the courts, which used Law French.

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The Pleading in English Act 1362 ( 36 Edw. III c. 15), often rendered Statute of Pleading, was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Act complained that because the French language was much unknown in England, the people therefore had no knowledge of what is being said for them or against them in the courts, which used Law French. The Act therefore stipulated that "all Pleas which shall be pleaded in Courts whatsoever, before any of his Justices whatsoever, or in his other Places, or before any of His other Ministers whatsoever, or in the Courts and Places of any other Lords whatsoever within the Realm, shall be pleaded, shewed, defended, answered, debated, and judged in the English Tongue, and that they be entered and inrolled in Latin".

Read more about Pleading In English Act 1362: Historical Context

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The Pleading in English Act 1362 ( 36 Edw. III c. 15), often rendered Statute of Pleading, was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Act complained that because the French language was much unknown in England, the people therefore had no knowledge of what is being said for them or against them in the courts, which used Law French.

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Early Modern English (1500-1800)          c.1500Start of English Renaissance         

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Early Modern English (1500-1800)          c.1500Start of English Renaissance         

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A period lasting only a century or two but encompassing momentous change, the English Renaissance drastically shaped what being English meant, at home and abroad, as literacy increased and printing accelerated, the English language rose to a place of international prestige, and a distinctly English literature began to be braided from diverse cultural strands: Middle English poetry and medieval mystery plays; ballads, hymns, and popular songs; translations from classical literatures and contemporary literature from the Continent

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1526William Tyndale prints his English translation of the New Testament of “The Bible”

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1526William Tyndale prints his English translation of the New Testament of “The Bible”

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Tyndale expressed his desire to translate the Bible into common languages so that all men might have access to the law of God. The clergyman replied, "We are better to be without God's laws than the Pope's.” This statement so infuriated Tyndale that he declared, "I defy the Pope and all his laws. If God spare my life ere many years, I will cause the boy that drives the plough to know more of the Scriptures than you!" Tyndale traveled to London to request authorization from Bishop Cuthbert Tunstall to begin working on an English translation, but he was quickly denied. Realizing that it was impossible to continue in England, Tyndale moved to Germany in 1524 with the help of Sir Humphrey Monmouth and several other London merchants.

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William Tyndale: The Cost of an English Bible - Christian Biographies

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The Great Bible was also similar in content to the Matthew Bible, published by John Rogers in 1537. The Great Bible, as the first authorized translation of the Bible into English, had a strong influence on subsequent English translations of the Bible, including the Bishops’ Bible and the King James Version.

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1604Robert Cawdrey publishes the first English dictionary, “A Table Alphabeticall”

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1604Robert Cawdrey publishes the first English dictionary, “A Table Alphabeticall”

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Robert Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall, published in 1604, was the first single-language English dictionary ever published. It lists approximately 3000 words, defining each one with a simple and brief description. A number of the words listed in the 'Table Alphabeticall' were thought of as 'hard' - or unfamiliar to the general public - as they were derived from foreign or ancient languages such as Hebrew, Greek, Latin or French

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View images from this item (37)
Robert Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall, published in 1604, was the first single-language English dictionary ever published. It lists approximately 3000 words, defining each one with a simple and brief description. A number of the words listed in the Table Alphabeticall were thought of as 'hard' - or unfamiliar to the general public - as they were derived from foreign or ancient languages such as Hebrew, Greek, Latin or French. During the 16th century a vast number of new words flooded into the English language. This was largely thanks to rich developments in literature, science, medicine and the arts, and a renewed interest in classical languages.

This copy is the fourth edition, published in 1617.

Why did Cawdrey create this dictionary?

Cawdrey wanted the English language to be better organised and felt that the Table Alphabeticall would help the reader to understand challenging words. He explained in the first edition that the book was intended to be useful for:

Ladies, gentlewomen, or any other unskilfull persons. Whereby they may more easily and better vnderstand many hard English wordes, which they shall heare or read in the Scriptures, Sermons, or elsewhere, and also be made able to vse the same aptly themselues.

Cawdrey hoped the Alphabeticall would help to popularise knowledge itself, and that it would encourage more people to learn to read and write 'properly'. At this time, few girls would have gone to school, and only rich parents could have afforded private tutors.

Simplicity

Cawdrey's word definitions were uncomplicated. Unlike later dictionary makers, he did not refer to the great writers of the day, or to the origins of words. Instead the book's simplicity provided help for those who wanted either to have a better understanding of sermons and books, or to learn the 'correct' way to spell.

In his address to the reader, Cawdrey criticises the poor standard of English spoken by many members of the public: while some simplify their speech 'so that the most ignorant may well understand them', others decorate their sentences with fancy phrases and complicated words. He says of this second type: 'they forget altogether their mothers language, so that if some of their mothers were alive, they were not able to tell or vnderstand what they say.' He writes of how 'far journied gentlemen' collect words on their travels and, coming home, 'pouder their talke with over-sea language.'

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A Table Alphabeticall by Robert Cawdry | The British Library

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View images from this item (37) Robert Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall, published in 1604, was the first single-language English dictionary ever published. It lists approximately 3000 words, defining each one with a simple and brief description.

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1795 First English settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa

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1795 First English settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa

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British presence in the Cape between the 1600s and 1795 was largely confined to the shores of the Cape and Table Bay as a halfway stop by the East India Company on their trading trips to the East. Tents were occasionally set up along the shores to trade with the Khoikhoi. The British also used Robben Island, located a few kilometres from Table Bay, as a goal. In 1615 John Cross compelled ten condemned prisoners brought from England to leave Table Bay and go to the Robben Island. Between 1632 and 1640, the British also placed a group of Khoikhoi under the command of Autshumato (or Harry) on the Island.

British travellers also visited the Cape and later the Dutch settlement throughout the 1600s and 1700s making sketches of the town and its activities. For example, Thomas Herbert, a British traveller, visited Table Bay in 1627 and sketched a painting of the Khoikhoi trading sheep for copper.

In 1620, Andrew Shillinge and Humphrey Fitzherbert, commander of the tow fleets of English East India Company on their way to Surat and Bantam, landed on Table Bay. They planned to establish a plantation to supply refreshments to British ships on their way to India. When a British fleet under Admiral Keith Elphinstone and Major General James Craig sailed into False Bay on 11 June 1775, the British produced papers claiming that they had settled in Table Bay in 1620, earlier than the VOC. The British were determined to prevent the Cape from falling into the hands of the French after France had occupied the Netherlands. In an armed conflict that ensued, the Dutch were defeated by the British and an estimated 1200 British infantry forces marched into Cape Town.

The British viewed this occupation as a temporary measure that was meant to last until the defeat of the French. After the signing of the Treaty of Amiens, the British handed the Cape back to the newly installed Dutch Batavian government in 1803. When the Napoleonic War broke out for the second time, the British feared that the Cape could fall into the hands of the French. They attacked Cape Town from Bloubergstrand and retook the Cape from the Dutch in 1806. At the Treaty of Vienna in 1814 the British acquired the Cape permanently. The British then paid the Dutch for six million pounds. Cape Town then remained in the hands of the British and the Cape became a crown colony. A civilian governor based in Cape Town was appointed. The Dutch name of the city Riebeeckstad (Riebeeck's Town) was eliminated as the British continued to use the name Cape Town.

Cape Town experienced major changes under the British occupation as it increasingly became the capital of an expanding British colony. In the 1820s more British officials were appointed and English became increasingly used as the official language. The Dutch garrison at the castle was replaced by English soldiers. There was a steady immigration of British citizens to Cape Town especially young men in search of a new life and the hope of making fortunes. British immigrants established themselves in various trades such as bakers, blacksmiths, saddle makers and cobblers. For example, in the 1790s British immigrants arrived as merchants in Cape Town.

In 1817, some British immigrants founded the Commercial Exchange which initially met in Berg Street. By 1820 there were 757 people of British origin in Cape Town. John Bardwell Ebden established the first joint stock private bank known as the Cape of Good Hope Bank in 1837. Furthermore, the temporal economic boom of the 1830s laid the foundation for the commercial and financial infrastructure of the Cape Colony in Cape Town.

Many British arrivals built residences outside town in areas previously occupied by farms and gardens. Not all British immigrants that came to the Cape were those that sought fortune. Between 1833 and 1841, 700 British children were brought to the Cape by the Children's Friend Society to work as indentured labour for local British employees. They were brought to rid England and other crown colonies of slum. Groups of British workers were brought to the Cape as indentured labour.

Despite intermarriage between the Dutch women and British immigrants, the growth of British influence in the Cape bred resentment by the Dutch. As a consequence, descendants of Dutch settlers left the Cape Colony, migrating eastward and north eastward in the 1830s and 1840s in what became known as the ' Great Trek.' This resulted in the founding of Afrikaner Republics away from British control such as the Natal Republic in 1839, the Transvaal in 1852 and the Orange Free State in 1854.

The mineral revolution in South Africa, which was sparked by the discovery of diamonds in the 1860s and gold in the 1880s, set the stage for war between the British and the Afrikaner republics. A war broke out between the Afrikaner republics and the British in what became known as the South African war. At the end of the war in 1902, all four colonies were placed under one flag. On 31 May 1910 these were united in the Union of South Africa making South Africa a self governing colony but still under the British control. Cape Town became the legislative capital of the Union. By mid 1940s British influence was weakened even though English still remained the lingua franca.

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English Settlement in South Africa | South African History Online

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British presence in the Cape between the 1600s and 1795 was largely confined to the shores of the Cape and Table Bay as a halfway stop by the East India Company on their trading trips to the East. Tents were occasionally set up along the shores to trade with the Khoikhoi. The British also used Robbe…

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Late Modern English (1800-Present)                                           Late Modern English has many more words 

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Late Modern English (1800-Present)                                           Late Modern English has many more words 

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Late Modern English accumulated many more words as a result of two main historical factors: the Industrial Revolution, which necessitated new words for things and ideas that had not previously existed; and the rise of the British Empire, during which time English adopted many foreign words and made them its own.

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the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface

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the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface

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It was taken very much for granted by the British colonial mentality of the time that extending the English language and culture to the undeveloped and backward countries of Africa and Asia was a desirable thing.

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British Colonization of Africa | Animated History

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1828Noah Webster publishes his “The American Dictionary of the English Language”

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1828Noah Webster publishes his “The American Dictionary of the English Language”

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American Dictionary of the English language, for, although the body of the language is the same as in England, and it is desirable to perpetuate that sameness, yet some differences must exist. Language is an expression of ideas; and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas, they cannot retain an identity of language.

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Noah Webster and the American Dictionary of 1828

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1834 Abolition of slavery in the British Empire

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1834 Abolition of slavery in the British Empire

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Britain passed the Slavery Abolition Act, outlawing the owning, buying, and selling of humans as property throughout its colonies around the world

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1st August 1834: Slavery Abolition Act comes in to force

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1865 United States ends slavery after Civil War

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1865 United States ends slavery after Civil War

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In 1865, after the Civil War, the long process of Reconstruction began. Congress passed new laws to give African Americans freedom. First, they passed the Thirteenth Amendment which officially ended slavery. Congress then created the Freedmen’s Bureau to help the recently freed slaves.

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Did SLAVERY Continue After the Civil War? (Slavery and Sharecropping Compared)

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This expanding circle has been the great growth area of English since the middle of the twentieth century. It has become the world’s lingua franca for business and technology, an essential tool for trading negotiations, academic interchange and electronic communication between those who do not have a native language in common.

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The 'Three Circles' of English // the development of a global language

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Modern Influences: the English language in the 21st century

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Modern Influences: the English language in the 21st century

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Modern Influences: the English language in the 21st century

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Three Factors Influencing the Spread of English: -use of English in science, and technology 90% of academic articles first published in English -incorporating vocabulary from other languages 80% of the English vocabulary is foreign -use of different English dialects (American,

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what type of changes in spelling, grammar, pronunciation, social status of the language in english languages?

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what type of changes in spelling, grammar, pronunciation, social status of the language in english languages?

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Starting of the first root of how our engllish was formet, wigh differents changes that occured in the pass of the time was amazing,
with the add words of other languages, making a structure through the big history that is behind of that in this days is knowing English languages.

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Vaquez cruz, Jose Femin
Morales Caballero, Diego Rafael