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After the War of 1812, the U.S was feeling good because they beat back one of the powerful armies on the world. They used that newly found respect to establish their own sphere of influence. They came up with the Monroe Doctrine which had 4 main points: the U.S wouldn't involve itself in European affairs, they wouldn't interfere with European territories already established, they would prevent more colonization and Europeans weren't allowed to interfere with already existing nations in the Western Hemisphere. It codified the idea of isolationism which the U.S followed mostly until WWI. It also established the U.S on the world stage.

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Lincoln's assassination (April 15, 1865)

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Lincoln's assassination (April 15, 1865)

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On April 15th, 1865, Lincoln was at Ford's Theatre when his assassin, John Wilkes Booth, shot him in the back of the head. Booth was hoping the South would rise again afterwards, but in fact the opposite happened. While Lincoln wanted a peaceful reconciliation with the South, the radical republicans that controlled the govt after wanted to punish them. They got the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments ratified and started the era of Reconstruction. This had the election of black leaders into leadership positions. It also made sure that black people were treated equally because there were Union soldiers in the South.

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The election of 1877 was a close one with the electoral votes of candidates Rutherford B Hayes and Samuel Tilden being extremely close. The resulting compromise saw the Republican president, Hayes, becoming president in exchange for the withdrawal of Union troops from the South. This officially ended the Reconstruction Era, for better or worse. The withdrawal of Southern troops caused the rights of African-Americans infringed upon and the Black Codes and Jim Crow laws were instated. The Freedmen's Bureau, which helped African-Americans get back up on their feet, were gone and sharecropping began to be used in the South.

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Due to multiple factors such as credit, inflated shares, panic selling and high interest rates, the market crashed on October 29, 1929. This caused widespread unemployment and inflation which was blamed on the president, Herbert Hoover. This and his reaction to the Depression caused him to lose the election to FDR. FDR created the New Deal, which were programs used to lift the U.S out of the Great Depression. This was a turning point because it ended the government's lack of involvement in the economy and it created welfare programs for work.

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After WWII, the U.S and Soviet Union emerged as the 2 new superpowers of the age. However, they had different ideologies that they each wanted to spread and that inevitably led them on a collision course with each other. The U.S's policy in order to deal with the USSR was containment, which was to keep communism where it is and prevent it from spreading. This caused the U.S to intervene in the Korean War, in South America and in Vietnam. This also started the creation of NATO, which was an alliance made to stop the spread of communism.

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https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/compromise-of-1877

https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042115/what-caused-stock-market-crash-1929-preceded-great-depression.asp#:~:text=What%20Were%20the%20Causes%20of,and%20a%20negative%20media%20industry.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/truman-doctrine#:~:text=With%20the%20Truman%20Doctrine%2C%20President,external%20or%20internal%20authoritarian%20forces.