# data[].attributes.headline
С 7.1.2.1 - понимать значение слов учебно-образовательной тематики.

# data[].attributes.subject
С 7.1.2.1 - понимать значение слов учебно-образовательной тематики.

# data[].attributes.body
Г 7.2.6.1 - оценивать высказывание (монолог/ диалог), основанное на личных впечатлениях/наблюдениях.

Ч 7.3.2.1 - определять стилистические особенности текстов публицистического стиля (репортаж о событии, заметка, отзыв), официально-делового стиля (доверенность, заявление, договор, официальное поздравление, деловое письмо) определять принадлежность текста к типу рассуждение на основе характерных признаков;

# data[].attributes.headline
Основная цель

# data[].attributes.subject
Основная цель

# data[].attributes.body
Учащиеся смогут рассказать об истории электронной почты и почему в адресах используется символ @.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ключевые понятия

# data[].attributes.subject
Ключевые понятия

# data[].attributes.body
Учащиеся ознакомятся с ключевыми понятиями, такими как 'электронная почта', 'символ @', 'Ray Tomlinson' и '1971 год'.

# data[].attributes.headline
Групповая работа

# data[].attributes.subject
Групповая работа

# data[].attributes.body
Обсуждение в малых группах: история электронной почты и значение символа @. Рекомендуется использовать Padlet для совместной работы.

# data[].attributes.headline
Проект электронной почты

# data[].attributes.subject
Проект электронной почты

# data[].attributes.body
Создать проект, рассказывающий об истории электронной почты с использованием любых доступных ресурсов.

# data[].attributes.headline
Дополнительное чтение

# data[].attributes.subject
Дополнительное чтение

# data[].attributes.body
Прочитать статью о том, как эволюционировала электронная почта и её влияние на современное общество.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Today, it's hard to imagine a time without email. For many of us, our day starts with checking our email. We use it to send messages around the world almost instantaneously. Sign up for any service and it is likely that you'll be asked for your email address. Though the service is used by hundreds of millions of people a day, very few know the history behind how this revolutionary technology came to be. It is easy to associate email with the explosion of personal computers and the Internet in the mid-1990s, but electronic mail is actually much older than that. Early forms of email exchanged over a closed network have existed since the 1960s, and the word "email" itself was first coined in 1982. The evolution of email and its place in our world today is a story that spans more than 40 years. From a technology known only to a few to our main means of communication, email has changed the world.

A Brief History of Written Communication

While email is a relatively new means of communication, it is based on one that is thousands of years old. The earliest evidence of written language dates back to ancient Sumer between 4100-3800 B.C., when marks pressed into clay tablets were used as records for land, cattle, and grain. As writing developed, it was used for more than record-keeping. Letter-writing became the most reliable means of long-distance communication, and making sure letters were delivered became extremely important. By 900 B.C., China developed a postal service for the delivery of messages to ensure communication between government outposts. In 100 A.D., Rome used couriers to deliver messages to the corners of the empire. During the Dark Ages, European monasteries developed a dedicated letter system and royal messengers sent missives between ruling leaders, but a single, organized method of sending and receiving letters for the common people, many of whom remained illiterate, was centuries away.

Until the 16th century, when private mail systems began to appear in Europe and the American colonies, mail was delivered by giving the message to an individual going in roughly the direction the letter was supposed to and hoping it would arrive. Several individual postal systems were in use in the colonies as early at 1673, but it wasn't until 1775, when Benjamin Franklin became the first postmaster general of the United States and the United States Postal Service was formed, that a single coherent system was implemented. In 1860, the Pony Express branch of the postal service was created as a means of providing fast, reliable mail delivery to the western territories. Messages along the express could travel the distance from Missouri to California in ten days, an almost unbelievable feat. Technological advancements like planes, trains, and cars shortened the time it took for mail to be delivered around the world, but mail service remained limited by the time it took for a letter to get from writer to recipient.

The Development of Email: From Interoffice to Interweb

While electronically sent messages date back to 1832 and the invention of the telegraph, what we call email can be traced back to 1965. That year, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology set up MAILBOX, an expansion of the Compatible Time-Sharing System used since 1961. MAILBOX allowed users to send messages directly to each other over an interconnected, dial-up network. This was an improvement over the original CTSS system, where a message could only be placed in a common directory that was viewable by anyone with access to the network. CTSS and MAILBOX were the first forays into a new method of communication using computers, but they were far from the last. These programs allowed users to exchange information almost instantaneously, and at a time when the only way to send large amounts of data was to print out a hard copy and physically send it through the postal service, the speed of MAILBOX was unprecedented. While MIT was the first to utilize MAILBOX, it soon spread to other colleges with CTSS users, and a new era of electronic communication was born.

In a strange twist, email was actually in use before the invention of the Internet. The forerunner to our Internet wasn't implemented until 1969. That was the year the U.S. Department of Defense unveiled its Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, or ARPANET. The idea behind ARPANET was simple: Create a place where a user could connect to any other user without having to switch between dedicated computer terminals. At the time, the only way to talk to another user online was to use a computer that was dedicated, or exclusively linked, to another computer. With ARPANET, users no longer had to switch between dedicated terminals to communicate; the users only needed to be connected to the network.

ARPANET was a success, with universities and government agencies around the country quickly connecting. The first network email was sent over ARPANET in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson as a test, but it wasn't the last. Over the next 20 years, computer technology, the Internet, and email evolved hand in hand. In 1982, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol became the Internet standard for electronic mail. In 1988, Microsoft became the first company to offer a commercial email suite with Microsoft Mail.

In 1991, the World Wide Web was made available to the public. At the time, there was little public interest, but that would soon change. As more and more people connected to the Web, the demand for email increased. In 1993, AOL and Delphi connected their email systems to the Internet, allowing users to take advantage of this easy and quick means of communication. In 1996, Hotmail became the first free email service that was entirely Web-based, and a year later, Microsoft released Outlook 97, an email program that came preloaded with Windows.

Email Today

Today, email is the main method we use for long-distance communication. More than 100 billion messages are received and sent every day, and that number is only expected to increase. There are hundreds of email providers offering a host of services, whether free or for a service fee. Email is accessible on computers, phones, tablets, and any device that can connect to the Internet. Modern email platforms give user almost total control of their mailbox, with features like junk mail filtering, scheduling, and personalized news feeds. In 40 years, email has changed the way we communicate with the world.

Additional Resources

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Evolution of Email: History of Email Timeline | Bookyourdata

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn about the evolution of email. When it was created, what we used before email, and how we got to where we are today. It is hard to imagine a time without email.

# data[].attributes.body
Как проходил урок?

Что было удачно?

Что было неудачно?

Что Вы хотите изменить?

В какой поддержке Вы нуждаетесь?

# data[].attributes.headline
Работа с текстом

# data[].attributes.subject
Работа с текстом

# data[].attributes.body
История о том, как Ray Tomlinson изобрёл электронную почту и выбрал символ @ для адресов.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
История электронной почты

# data[].attributes.headline
Расширенная практика

# data[].attributes.subject
Расширенная практика

# data[].attributes.body
Создание таймлайна электронной почты с использованием онлайн инструментов.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The history of email entails an evolving set of technologies and standards that culminated in the email systems in use today.

Computer-based messaging between users of the same system became possible following the advent of time-sharing in the early 1960s, with a notable implementation by MIT's CTSS project in 1965. Informal methods of using shared files to pass messages were soon expanded into the first mail systems. Most developers of early mainframes and minicomputers developed similar, but generally incompatible, mail applications. Over time, a complex web of gateways and routing systems linked many of them. Some systems also supported a form of instant messaging, where sender and receiver needed to be online simultaneously.

Proprietary electronic mail systems began to emerge in the 1970s and early 1980s. IBM developed a primitive in-house solution for office automation over the period 1970-1972, and replaced it with OFS (Office System), proving mail transfer between individuals, in 1974. This system developed into IBM Profs, which was available on request to customers before being released commercially in 1981. CompuServe began offering electronic mail designed for intraoffice memos in 1978. The development team for the Xerox Star began using electronic mail in the late 1970s. Development work on DEC's ALL-IN-1 system began in 1977 and was released in 1982. Hewlett-Packard launched HPMAIL (later HP DeskManager) in 1982, which became the world's largest selling email system.

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) protocol was implemented on the ARPANET in 1983. LAN email systems emerged in the mid-1980s. For a time in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it seemed likely that either a proprietary commercial system or the X.400 email system, part of the Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP), would predominate. However, a combination of factors made the current Internet suite of SMTP, POP3 and IMAP email protocols the standard (see Protocol Wars).

Telex became an operational teleprinter service in 1933, beginning in Germany and Europe, and after 1945 spread around the world.

The AUTODIN military network in the United States, first operational in 1962, provided a message service between 1,350 terminals, handling 30 million messages per month, with an average message length of approximately 3,000 characters. By 1968, AUTODIN linked more than 300 sites in several countries.

The term mail in the context of messages between computer users has been in use since the 1960s. In RFCs relating to the ARPANET, network mail was used since 1973.

Historically, the term electronic mail is any electronic document transmission. For example, several writers in the early 1970s used the term to refer to fax document transmission. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) has a first quotation for electronic mail in the modern context in 1975. Electronic mail was widely discussed in the late 1970s, but was usually shortened simply to mail. In September 1976, a Business Week article entitled When interoffice mail goes electronic remarked "In a sense, electronic mail is not new".

The OED provides a June 1979 first usage for E-mail: "Postal Service pushes ahead with E-mail" in the journal Electronics. No earlier usage has been found; although, the first usage of the term email may be lost. CompuServe rebranded its electronic mail service as EMAIL in April 1981, which popularized the term. The term computer mail was also used in the early 1980s.

The June 1979 usage of E-mail referred to the United States Postal Service (USPS) project called Electronic Computer Originated Mail, which they abbreviated E-COM. USPS began looking into electronic mail in 1977 resulting in the E-COM proposal in September 1978. The service launched in 1982, allowing corporate customers to send electronic mail to a post office branch from where it was printed and delivered in the normal way. It operated until 1985.

With the introduction of MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) in 1961, for the first time multiple users could log into a central system from remote terminals, and store and share files on the central disk. Informal methods of using such shared files to pass messages were soon developed and expanded into the first mail systems.

1965
MIT's CTSS "MAIL" command was proposed by Pat Crisman, Glenda Schroeder, and Louis Pouzin, then implemented by Tom Van Vleck and Noel Morris.[20] Each user's messages would be added to a local file called "MAIL BOX", which would have a "private" mode so that only the owner could read or delete messages. The proposed uses of the system were for communication from CTSS to notify users that files had been backed up, discussion between authors of CTSS commands, and communication from command authors to the CTSS manual editor. Developers of other early systems subsequently developed similar mail applications.

1968

1971
SNDMSG, a local inter-user mail program developed by Ray Tomlinson, incorporating the experimental file transfer program, CPYNET, allowed the first networked electronic mail over the ARPANET.[23][24] The addresses contained the '@' character as a separator between local part and host.[24]

1972

1973

1974

August - The PLATO IV Notes on-line message board system was generalized to offer "personal notes".[3][32]

October - IBM OFS (Office System), proving mail transfer between individuals, was first installed as a replacement for their earlier in-house office automation system.[30]: 327-332  [31]

1978

CompuServe offered electronic mail, designed primarily for intraoffice memos, as part of their corporate Infoplex service.[33]

Mail client written by Kurt Shoens for Unix and distributed with the Second Berkeley Software Distribution included support for aliases and distribution lists, forwarding, formatting messages, and accessing different mailboxes.[34] It used the Unix mail client to send messages between system users. The concept was extended to communicate remotely over the Berkeley Network.[35]

Computerized Bulletin Board System (CBBS) was a public dial-up BBS.

1979

1980

July - Minitel experimental service launched in France, enabled users to have a mail box. Introduced commercially throughout France in 1982.

Wang Laboratories introduced its Integrated Information Systems line, incorporating the ability to attach digitised voice messages.[38][39]

1981

April 1 - CompuServe rebranded its electronic mail service as EMAIL. A US trademark application (USPTO SN:73432146) was filed on June 27, 1983, but abandoned in August 1984.[9][10][40]

IBM PROFS, the predecessor of OfficeVision/VM, is released, incorporating a centralised virtual machine to manage mail transfer between individuals.[41][42] Before that it was a PRPQ (Programming Request for Price Quotation), an IBM administrative term for non-standard software offerings with unique features, support and pricing.[30]: 321  By this year it had 500 users.[30]: 340

1982

April - HPMAIL by Hewlett-Packard, went on sale. Later developed into HP DeskManager, this became the world's largest selling email system.[43]

May - ALL-IN-1 by Digital Equipment Corporation, an office automation system including functionality in electronic messaging, was released.[44] Development work began in 1977.[45] In-house electronic mail was in use at DEC prior to the commercial release of ALL-IN-1.

August 18 - Shiva Ayyadurai composes a US Copyright registration, for a work named EMAIL. EMAIL comprising a suite of programs he'd developed over the previous three years, while a high school student intern engaged at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, under Leslie P. Michelson. Leslie tasking Shiva with converting the existing interdepartmental mail system into an electronic format, on the institutions HP1000 minicomputer. The shortened name EMAIL was used to describe the suite of programs in 1981.[46][47][48] Ayyadurai asserted a claim since 2010 to be the inventor of email, which is disputed.[9][10][49][50]

1984

FidoNet is released, creating a network of connected Email accepting, and forwarding Bulletin boards.

Prestel Mailbox service launched, offering private messaging, on the UK Viewdata service.[51] The Duke of Edinburgh's account would be hacked within months of launch; the resulting legal case helped to define computer misuse laws in the UK and around the world.[52]

1994

The first electronic message was sent between these two adjacent PDP-10 computers at BBN Technologies in 1971, connected only through the ARPANET.

To facilitate electronic mail exchange between remote sites and with other organizations, telecommunication links, such as dialup modems or leased lines, provided means to transport email globally, creating local and global networks. This was challenging for a number of reasons, including the widely different email address formats in use.

In 1971 the first message was sent between two computers on the ARPANET. Through RFC 561, RFC 680, RFC 724, and finally 1977's RFC 733, this became a standardized working system based on the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

PLATO IV was networked to individual terminals over leased data lines prior to the implementation of personal notes in 1974.

IBM VNET was deployed by 1975, using BSC to communicate among CP-67 and VM hosts running RSCS.

Unix mail was networked by 1978's UUCP, which was also used for USENET newsgroup postings, with similar headers.

BerkNet, the Berkeley Network, was written by Eric Schmidt in 1978 and included first in the Second Berkeley Software Distribution. It provided support for sending and receiving messages over serial communication links. The Unix mail tool was extended to send messages using Berknet.

The delivermail tool, written by Eric Allman in 1979 and 1980 (and shipped in 4BSD), provided support for routing mail over dissimilar networks, including Arpanet, UUCP, and BerkNet. (It also provided support for mail user aliases.)

The mail client included in 4BSD (1980) was extended to provide interoperability between a variety of mail systems.

BITNET (1981) provided electronic mail services for educational institutions. It was based on the IBM VNET email system.

1983 - MCI Mail Operated by MCI Communications Corporation. This was the first commercial public email service to use the Internet in 1989. MCI Mail also allowed subscribers to send regular postal mail (overnight) to non-subscribers.

In 1984, IBM PCs running DOS could link with FidoNet for email and shared bulletin board posting.

Several companies established electronic mail services in the United Kingdom during the 1970s and early 1980s, enabling subscribers to send email either internally within a company network or over telephone connections or data networks such as Packet Switch Stream.

Early interoperability among independent systems included:

UUCP implementations for Unix systems, initially released in 1979, and later for other operating systems, that only had dial-up communications available.

CSNET, which began operation in 1981, initially used a purpose-built dial-up protocol, called Phonenet, to provide mail-relay services for non-ARPANET hosts.

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) protocol was implemented in 1983. It was first proposed by Jon Postel and Suzanne Sluizer in September 1980.

X.400, published in 1984, was promoted by major vendors, and mandated for government use under GOSIP, but abandoned by all but a few in favor of Internet protocol suite's SMTP by the mid-1990s (see Protocol Wars).

Soft-Switch released its eponymous email gateway product in 1984, acquired by Lotus Software ten years later.

Message Handling System (MHS) protocol developed in 1986. Developed by Action Technologies, this was later bought and promoted by Novell. However they abandoned it after purchasing the non-MHS WordPerfect Office-which they renamed GroupWise.

HP OpenMail, initially designed in 1987, was known for its ability to interconnect several other APIs and protocols, including MAPI, cc:Mail, SMTP/MIME, and X.400.

In May 1979, Xerox ran a television advertisement for its 1973 Xerox Alto system, demonstrating the 1978 Distributed Message System (DMS) client, known as Laurel, to the US public. An application Xerox described as replacing Xerox's earlier MSG client for its MAXC document distribution system. In 1981, the Xerox Star went on sale, offering a commercial variant of the Xerox Alto's multi-user virtual office, including computer mail. The Star had been in development since 1977 and the development team relied heavily on the technologies they were working on, including electronic mail.

In the early 1980s, networked personal computers on LANs became increasingly important. Server-based systems similar to the earlier mainframe systems were developed. Examples include:

Eventually these systems could link different organizations as long as each organization ran the same email system and proprietary protocol. Various vendors supplied gateway software to link these incompatible systems.

Experimental message transfers between separate computer systems began shortly after the creation of the ARPANET in 1969. Ray Tomlinson, of BBN, sent the first message across the network in 1971, initiating the use of the "@" sign to separate the names of the user and the user's machine. He sent a message from one Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 computer to another PDP-10. The two machines were placed next to each other. Tomlinson's work was adopted across the ARPANET, which significantly increased network traffic. Tomlinson has been called "the inventor of modern email".

A "Mail Protocol" was proposed in RFC 196 in July 1971, and a more comprehensive approach in RFC 524 in June 1973, but these were not implemented.

In the early 1970s, Ray Tomlinson updated an existing utility called SNDMSG so that it could copy messages (as files) over the network. Lawrence Roberts, the project manager for the ARPANET development, took the idea of READMAIL, which dumped all "recent" messages onto the user's terminal, and wrote a program for TENEX in TECO macros called RD, which permitted access to individual messages. Barry Wessler then updated RD and called it NRD.

Marty Yonke rewrote NRD to include reading, access to SNDMSG for sending, and a help system, and called the utility WRD, which was later known as BANANARD. John Vittal then updated this version to include three important commands: Move (combined save/delete command), Answer (determined to whom a reply should be sent) and Forward (sent a message to a person who was not already a recipient). The system was called MSG. With inclusion of these features, MSG is considered to be the first integrated modern electronic mail program, from which many other applications have descended.

ARPANET defined conventions from 1973 for dissimilar computers to exchange mail using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) over a homogeneous network. Two FTP commands, MAIL and MLFL, permitted an FTP user process to deliver a file or string of text to an FTP server process, designating it as mail to be made available to a user, identified by a local name, in its host.

The use of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for "network mail" was proposed in RFC 469 in March 1973. Through RFC 561, RFC 680, RFC 724, and finally RFC 733 in November 1977, a standardized framework was developed for "electronic mail" using FTP mail servers on the ARPANET.

Delivermail was introduced in 1979 as a mail transport agent, i.e. email server. It used the FTP protocol to transmit electronic mail messages to the recipient.

Initially, addresses were of the form, username@ hostname. Addresses were extended to username@ host. domain by RFC 805 in February 1982.

In September 1980, Jon Postel and Suzanne Sluizer published RFC 772 which proposed the Mail Transfer Protocol to enable servers to transmit "computer mail" on the ARPANET as a replacement for FTP. RFC 780 of May 1981 removed all references to FTP. In November 1981, Postel published RFC 788 describing the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) protocol, which was updated by RFC 821 in August 1982.

A new mail transfer agent based on SMTP, Sendmail, was introduced in 1983.

As the influence of the ARPANET spread across academic communities, gateways were developed to pass mail to and from other networks such as CSNET, JANET, BITNET, X.400, and FidoNet. This often involved addresses such as:

hubhost!middlehost!edgehost!user@uucpgateway.somedomain.example.com

which routes mail to a user with a " bang path" address at a UUCP host.

The Internet community developed two further standards, the Post Office Protocol (POP) and the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), in 1984 and 1988 respectively. POP and IMAP enabled connections with remote e-mail servers that contained users' mailboxes.

Many providers of mail server software emerged in the 1980s with various features.

Ray Tomlinson is generally recognized as sending the first electronic mail, between two different computers on the ARPANET, in 1971.

Sylvia Wilbur, who worked for Peter Kirstein at University College London, was "probably one of the first people in [the United Kingdom] ever to send an email [over the ARPANET], back in 1974".

Queen Elizabeth II sent the first electronic mail from a head of state over the ARPANET from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in England on March 26, 1976.

The first UUCP emails from the U.S. arrived in the UK in 1979 and UUCP email between the UK, the Netherlands and Denmark started in 1980, becoming a regular service via EUnet in 1982, which expanded coverage to Sweden and later France, Germany, Switzerland and other countries in Europe.

IBM PROFS email was used by the U.S. National Security Council under President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s.

The first Internet email sent to Germany via CSNET was from Laura Breeden to Michael Rotert and Werner Zorn as a carbon copy at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology on August 3, 1984.

The first email sent from outer space was August 9, 1991, Space Shuttle mission STS-43.

Bill Clinton was the first U.S. president to use Internet email in the 1990s, including a reply to an email from the prime minister of Sweden in 1994.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The history of email entails an evolving set of technologies and standards that culminated in the email systems in use today. Computer-based messaging between users of the same system became possible following the advent of time-sharing in the early 1960s, with a notable implementation by MIT's CTSS project in 1965.

# data[].attributes.body
Задание: написать краткое изложение об истории электронной почты и роли Ray Tomlinson.

Дескрипторы:

1. Подробно излагает содержание прочитанного текста -2 балла

2. Выдерживает стилистические нормы-1 балл

3. Пишет, не допуская более 2-3 ошибок-3 балла

# data[].attributes.headline
Актуализация 

# data[].attributes.subject
Актуализация 

# data[].attributes.body
Что символизирует @ в вашем электронном адресе и как вы думаете, почему он был выбран?

# data[].attributes.body
Каждый ученик пишет одно предложение о том, чему он научился на уроке.

# data[].attributes.headline
Работа с материалами учебника

# data[].attributes.subject
Работа с материалами учебника

# data[].attributes.body
Упр. 515. Прочитайте информацию о правилах поведения в сети. Соблюдая эти правила, вы сможете ограничить негативное влияние «всемирной паутины» и получить только полезную информацию. Прокомментируйте каждое из данных правил.

1)     Какие инструменты общения существуют в интернете?

2)     Какими образовательными платформами вы пользуетесь в своей учебе?

3)     Часто ли используете различные социальные сети для общения в Интернете

Виды соц.сетей

1 фесбуйк

2 инстграмм

3 ватсап

4 твиттер

Работа в группах .

Защищают постер, какие правила должен соблюдать человек с общением сети. Правила общения в сети.