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Dorsal- relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ.

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Ventral- the front or lower (belly) side of an organism's body

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Lateral- the side of the body or a body part that is furthest from the midline or center of the body.

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Medial- the direction towards the midline of the body.

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Distal refers to a position or structure that is farther away from the origin or center of a body part.

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Proximal- a location that is closer to the center of the body or the point of attachment of a limb.

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Flexion: A bending movement that generally decreases the angle between two body parts.

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Extension: A straightening movement that generally increases the angle between two body parts (the reverse of flexion).

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Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly (or downward if the elbow is flexed).

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Supination: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly (or upward if the elbow is flexed), returning to the anatomical position.

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Elevation: Movement of a body part in a superior (upward) direction (e.g., shrugging the shoulders).

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Depression: Movement of a body part in an inferior (downward) direction (the reverse of elevation).

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Internal rotation (or Medial rotation): Rotation of a limb toward the midline of the body.

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External rotation (or Lateral rotation): Rotation of a limb away from the midline of the body.

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Circumduction: A movement in which a limb describes a cone shape, combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction (e.g., drawing a circle with the arm).

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Plantar flexion: Movement at the ankle that points the toes and foot downward (as if standing on your toes).

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Dorsiflexion: Movement at the ankle that bends the foot so that the toes point upward (toward the shin).

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Transverse plane (or Horizontal or Axial plane): Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

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Midsagittal plane (or Median plane): A vertical plane that runs directly down the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.

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Frontal plane (or Coronal plane): Divides the body into anterior (front/ventral) and posterior (back/dorsal) portions.

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Anatomical Position: The standard reference position for the human body: standing erect, feet slightly apart, arms hanging at the sides, and palms facing forward

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Supine: A body position where the individual is lying face up (on the back).

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Prone: A body position where the individual is lying face down (on the belly).

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Inferior: Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure; below.

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Superior: Towards the head or the upper part of a structure; above.