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1 ~ Magoi: Oldest breeds of koi; over 160 years ago

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1 ~ Magoi: Oldest breeds of koi; over 160 years ago

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The base stock from which all modern day koi come is called Magoi. Magoi is what the Japanese and Chinese consider the common carp, known to be a black carp. However Magoi will typically exhibit a bit of bronze in its coloring, and an easily distinguishable orange to white belly color. Magoi is not truly black koi.

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2 ~ Ki Bekko: Bred around the mid-late 1800s by a Magoi and Higoi variety

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2 ~ Ki Bekko: Bred around the mid-late 1800s by a Magoi and Higoi variety

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The Ki Bekko is a yellow koi fish with black spots. The Ki Bekko or yellow version is the rarest. Consistent with all Bekko koi, the black appears almost exclusively above the lateral line, with very little or no black appearing on the bottom half of the koi.

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3 ~ Kohaku: Bred by a white female with a red head and a white male with a cherry-blossom pattern

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3 ~ Kohaku: Bred by a white female with a red head and a white male with a cherry-blossom pattern

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Kohaku is a variety of ornamental koi. The Kohaku has a white body, with red markings across the body. It is considered one of the ‘Big Three’ varieties of Koi, along with the Sanke, and Showa. The Kohaku breed is believed to be one of the first ornamental carp varieties developed.

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4 ~ Sanke: Established around 1917 after breeding a Kohaku and a Shiro Bekko

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4 ~ Sanke: Established around 1917 after breeding a Kohaku and a Shiro Bekko

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The Taisho Sanke, often shortened to Sanke, is a koi with three different colours. A Sanke will have a white base with a combination of red and black markings along the body. It is this pattern that has led to the Sanke often being described as a Kohaku with black markings. Sanke koi are very closely related to the Kohaku variety. The Sanke variety originated from a Kohaku breeder in the early 1900s.

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5 ~ Shusui: Bred around 1910 by an Asagi and a Doitsu mirror carp

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5 ~ Shusui: Bred around 1910 by an Asagi and a Doitsu mirror carp

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The Shusui koi, specifically, is known as the first Doitsu (scaleless) variety of koi, possessing only two to four rows of scales along the center of their back that run symmetrically along either side of the dorsal fin and then join into a single row toward the tail. These scales are most often some hue of blue. The Shusui was bred in the early 1900s by Yoshigoro Akiyama. He crossed a scaleless German carp with an Asagi koi. This combination makes Shusui one of the most interesting and unique-looking koi, being one of only two varieties to possess blue coloration.

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6 ~ Ki Utsuri: Started to be bred around 1921 by a Ki Bekko and an Asagi Magoi

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6 ~ Ki Utsuri: Started to be bred around 1921 by a Ki Bekko and an Asagi Magoi

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The Ki Utsuri is derived from the cross-breeding of a Magoi or black Koi and a Ki Bekko Koi, thus it is a black based koi with large yellow markings common to Utsuri specimens. Many people associate the pattern of the Ki Utsuri with a checker board pattern or sometimes simply a bumblebee look.

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7 ~ Shiro Utsuri: First-bred around 1925 between a Magoi and another variety that is unknown

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7 ~ Shiro Utsuri: First-bred around 1925 between a Magoi and another variety that is unknown

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Shiro Utsuri have a very long history that dates back to the early 1900's where they are believed to have been first produced by Kazuo Minemura sometime around 1925. Early Shiro Utsuri did not grow as large as the other popular Koi varieties of the time. This disadvantage was erased when the Omosako Koi farm began breeding Shiro Utsuri that in time reached lengths over 40 inches in size.

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8 ~ Showa: In 1926, the Showa was bred by a Hi Utsuri and a Kohaku

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8 ~ Showa: In 1926, the Showa was bred by a Hi Utsuri and a Kohaku

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Showa is a variety of ornamental koi. The Showa is also known as the Showa Sanshoku. The Showa has a black body, with red and white markings across the body. The Showa is one of the gosanke; the ‘Big Three’, consisting of Kohaku, Sanke, and Showa. Showa were originally developed by Jukichi Hoshino.

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9 ~ Yamabuki Ogon: Was first-bred in 1957 between a light-coloured Ogon and a Ki-goi

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9 ~ Yamabuki Ogon: Was first-bred in 1957 between a light-coloured Ogon and a Ki-goi

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Metallic yellow koi with opaque white fins. Ogon koi are known for their solid, metallic color. These beautiful fish will appear to almost “glow” in the pond. Yamabuki is the japanese word for “chrysanthemum flower”, and the ideal Yamabuki Ogon is said to be the same color as a yellow chrysanthemum.

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10 ~ Doitsu Kujaku: Were first bred in the 1960’s between a Hariwake and a Shusui

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10 ~ Doitsu Kujaku: Were first bred in the 1960’s between a Hariwake and a Shusui

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Created in the early 1960's by Mr. "Nishi" Hirasawa of Hiranishi Fish Farms, the Kujaku was originally included in the Hikarimoyo category. In recent years Kujaku (literally "Peacock") have received a lot of attention and with their increasing popularity. The Kujaku is a metallic or Ogon koi with the reticulated net-like pattern of the Matsuba on it's back. This is overlaid with either a gold, yellow, orange or red Kohaku-type pattern creating a striking effect.