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Two similarities when instructing students and guiding peer teachers with instructional practices as a technology coach are:

1. Focusing on the Learners' Needs and Goals
It does not matter who you are working with, student or adult, a technology coach should be focusing on the needs of the learner. Based on the needs, the coach can then create goals that are tailored to the learner. A technology coach must take into account the learners' prior experience and knowledge, as well as their learning styles and preferences.

2. Evidence Based Practices
Evidence based practices should be utilized by a technology coach and teachers. No matter if you are a coach working with adult learners, or a teacher working with students, lessons and activities should be designed using evidence based practices. Coaches and teachers both need to rely on research to ensure the instructional practices are effective and aligned with the learners' needs and goals.

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Behaviorism is a learning theory that focuses on observing behavior of a learner, adult or child, rather than their internal mental processes. Behaviorists believe that learning occurs when behaviors are reinforced or punished.

This learning theory is appropriate for both adult and student learners because it focuses on external stimuli and rewards. Rewards and punishments motivate students to learn and it helps adults modify their behavior in a new environment.

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Coaches can use behaviorism to motivate learners by providing rewards and positive reinforcement for effort. Gamification is huge in education. This works well for both students and adult learners. Coaches can use aspects of game based learning to create leaderboards that track the progress of the learner. Coaches can also award badges that teachers can display in their email signature or outside their classrooms. These techniques can help motivate learners to engage with the technology and achieve their learning goals.

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This learning theory emphasizes the role of the learner in constructing their own knowledge through active engagement with the learning materials. Constructivism says that learning is a process of building mental models that allow the learner to make sense of the world around them.

Both adult and student learners are suited for this learning theory because it acknowledges the importance of learners' prior knowledge and experiences in shaping their understanding of new information. Constructivism can be useful in adult learner contexts where learners have a wealth of prior experiences and knowledge that can be leveraged in the learning process.

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This learning theory is specific for adult learners. Andragogy emphasizes the self-directed and problem centered approach of adult learners. This theory believes that adults are motivated to learn by the desire to solve problems and apply their learning in practical situations.

This learning theory is specific to adult learners and acknowledges that adults have unique learning needs and characteristics that are different from those of children.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa59prZC5gA

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https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/andragogy-in-online-education-strategies-for-teaching/id1508402302?i=1000500225515

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Online education works very well for many adult learners, but it's important for online educators to understand how these students are very different than traditional 18-to-25 year old students. In this episode, Dr. Bethanie Hansen talks about andragogy theory and ways educators can adjust assignments to meet the needs and objectives of adult online learners.
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andragogy in online education and strategies for teaching adult learners | ep33

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‎The Online Teaching Lounge: Andragogy in Online Education and Strategies for Teaching Adult Learners | EP33 on Apple Podcasts

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Online education works very well for many adult learners, but it's important for online educators to understand how these students are very different than traditional 18-to-25 year old students. In this episode, Dr. Bethanie Hansen talks about andragogy theory and ways educators can adjust assignmen...

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Since andragogy relates specifically to adult learners, it can be quite easy for technology coaches to apply this learning theory. A technology coach can apply andragogy by providing learners with self-directed and problem-centered learning opportunities. A coach can work with a teacher and offer them the opportunity to choose their own learning goals and create personalized learning plans that reflect their interested and needs. The coach can also work the teacher to implement technology into their classroom in a coteaching situation. This allows teachers to see a digital skill being taught and can ask questions and relate it to their own practice when necessary.

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A technology coach can help their learners build their own mental models of the technology they are learning. For example, the coach can provide learners with interactive simulations or virtual labs that allow them to explore and experiment with the technology in a safe and controlled environment. The coach can also encourage learners to share their own experiences and perspectives with the technology, and facilitate collaborative learning activities that allow learners to build knowledge together. This can help learners construct their own understanding of the technology and integrate it into their existing knowledge and experience.

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Two differences when instructing students an guiding peer teachers with instructional practices as a technology coach are:

1. Prior Knowledge and Experience
A technology coach can assume that the teachers they work with will have some kind of prior knowledge before working together. Sometimes when teachers are working with students, their prior knowledge of a topic can be nothing, meaning the content is completely new to the students. Because prior knowledge can be higher when working with adult learners, the instructional practices may need to be more advanced or specialized, and it may require a different level of scaffolding and support.

2. Different Goals and Outcomes
The goals and outcomes of instructional practices may differ when working with students versus adult learners. With students, teachers are focused on developing knew skills that they can use throughout the rest of their lives. Tech coaches, however, work with adult learners to advance their skills and help them use new tools to make their teaching more effective.

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https://hrdevelopmentinfo.com/the-behavioris-theory-as-an-adult-learning-model/

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Behaviorists view learning as a change in behavior. This is based on behavior theory as proposed by Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman and Skinner. This theory sees locus of learning as the stimuli in external environment. It is the need of the people that drives them to learning.

Adult education is especially driven by the need of people to solve the problems that surround them. The problem becomes the stimuli that stimulate people to learn. This theory views the purpose of education as bringing about a behavioral change. Most of the challenges that people face are as a result of their actions. Therefore it is their behavior that brings the challenges that confront them.

The role of the educator is viewed in this theory as being to enhance the conditions in the environment in order to obtain the desired response. Since people have the desire to learn, the educator makes available the necessary environment for the learners.

In the adult learning process, this theory is evident in its objective to bring about behavior changes intended to increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes to enhance job performance. The behavioral theory defines how the environment should be for optimal learning of the students. For effective learning to take place, the learning environment must be conducive and enabling. This theory sees the external environment as important for effective learning.

Summary

In view of learning as a process, the behaviorist theory sees learning as that which leads to change in behavior. The learning process must have an objective for changing the way things are performed. The new knowledge, skills, and attitudes acquired must bring about some change in the behavior of the adult learner.

All learning theories have characteristics that may definitely help adults in their learning process. These theories take into consideration the learning environment, the contents of leaning and the impact of learning to the individual and the society. Therefore they should be the basic theories to consider when putting into practice any adult learning model.
By Shirley J. Caruso, M.A., Human Resource Development

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The Behaviorist Theory as An Adult Learning Model

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Adult education is especially driven by the need of people to solve the problems that surround them. The problem becomes the stimuli that stimulate people to learning. This theory views the purpose of education as bringing about a behavioral change. Most of the challenges that people face are as a result of their actions.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RU0zEGWp56Y

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rC2To43CxzQ

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Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments