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The European Union Special Characteristics 

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The European Union Special Characteristics 

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-The EU always renegotiates, where political challenges such as Brexit occur and reforms can undermine the larger EU mission (Stefanova, 2018).

-The EU member states have given up most of their sovereignty to political decisions above states or known as supranational. This can be seen in foreign policy decision as the EU led by The Foreign Affairs Council and High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

-The EU has unique global Governance and regional Governance as the points of the framework in creating a transboundary system that regulates international affairs. The bodies essential to building this framework are international organizations, transnational organizations, transnational civil society, and shared normative principles (Wunderlich, 2008).

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-The EU as a project to maintain peace and prosperity in the region.

-The EU compete both commercially and industrially

-High tension and economic gap shares between states in Europe led to major two world wars in the continent. Therefore, the EU as a regional institution manifested through common understanding and interdependence that shares interests or is known as a security community (Deutsch, 1994).

-Another deterrence to maintain peace also can be through sharing strategic resources, for instance at the early EU establishment through the European Coal and Steel Community (Nelsen & Stubb, 1994).

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-Regionalism is defined as common heritage as fundamentals in some regions, namely language, history, and ethnicity.

-With four basic pillars of cohesiveness, consists of social, economic, political, and organizational (Hurrell, 1995).

-Regionalism is a tool or instrument to solve several problems because some matters often have similar preferences and characteristics.

-Thus, all the social, economic, and political matters could be institutionalized through regional organizations.

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Image Source: Project Management Institute

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-Regionalization is social integration through social and economic interaction without any political elite coercion or known as soft regionalism (Hurrell, 1995).

-The result of social and economic interaction leads to the emergence of social integration within the region (Hurrell, 1995).

-Europe as a region as a unique case tends to be classified as the result of regionalization.

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Deutsch, K. W. (1994). Political Community and the North Atlantic Area. In B. F. Nelsen, & A. Stubb, The European Union Readings on Theory and Practice of European Integration (pp. 121-143). Colorado: Lynne Rienner.

Hurrell, A. (1995). Explaining the Resurgence of Regionalism in World Politics. Review of International Studies, 331-358.

Nelsen, B. F., & Stubb, A. C.-G. (1994). The European Union Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration. Colorado: Lynne Rienner

Stefanova, B. M. (2018). No Cheers for European Regionalism: EU-Centered Regionalism as a Driver for Global Governance. In B. M. Stefanova, The European Union and Europe's New Regionalism The Challenge of Enlargement, Neighborhood, and Globalization (pp. 203-220). Texas: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wunderlich, J.-U. (2008). Regionalism, Globalisation and International Order Europe and Southeast Asia. New York: Routledge.