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 By TV Patrol Southern Mindanao | Facebook (RESEARCHED BY: WILFREDO GALAGALA)

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URL: https://web.facebook.com/watch/?ref=search&v=560976494567333&external_log_id=221d76a6-c4f6-4234-9f5a-177acc09e42b&q=deforestation%20effect%20on%20highways%20of%20davao%20city
TITLE: Highway malapit sa La Verna Hills sa Buhangin, Davao City binaha na naman
AUTHOR: TV Patrol Southern Mindanao
DATE: June 17, 2020
KEY INFO: The TV Patrol Southern Mindanao updates the current situation of Davao City Highways Flooding near The La Verna Hills Buhangin, Davao City.

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Highway malapit sa La Verna Hills sa Buhangin, Davao City binaha na naman | Highway malapit sa La Verna Hills sa Buhangin, Davao City binaha na naman | By TV Patrol Southern Mindanao | Facebook

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8.4K views, 150 likes, 3 loves, 4 comments, 14 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from TV Patrol Southern Mindanao: Highway malapit sa La Verna Hills sa Buhangin, Davao City binaha na naman

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URL: https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171896
TITLE: Bukidnon Town clears roads blocked by LPA-induced landslides
AUTHOR: Franck Dick Rosete
DATE: April 10, 2022
KEY INFO: Two roads in Sumilao, Bukidnon that were recently affected by landslides are already passable after continuous clearing operations, the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) confirmed on Sunday.

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Metro Manila now an 'urban heat island' (RESEARCHED BY: WILFREDO GALAGALA)

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URL: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/181577/metro-manila-now-an-urban-heat-island
TITLE: Metro Manila Now an "Urban heat island"
AUTHOR: Kristine L. Alave
DATE: April 24, 2012
KEY INFO: Temperatures in Metro Manila are hitting the mid-30s. Hence, the heat that Metro Manila residents feel on a hot summer day is not just radiated heat from the sun, but also heat that emanates from buildings, houses, and roads.

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Temperatures in Metro Manila are hitting the mid-30s, and if you find that too hot for you, blame it on the fast urbanization of the metropolis.

Urbanization has distorted the heat balance in Metro Manila, leading to an increase in felt temperature by 1 degree to 2 degrees Celsius, according to a study by Nivagine Nievares, a weather specialist at the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa).

Nievares said the 2010 study was her masteral thesis, and her findings showed that rapid development is a major cause of the stifling heat that the city's 14 million residents have been complaining about in recent days.

"It has a huge effect. There is a difference of 1 degree to 2 degrees Celsius in temperature between Metro Manila and a neighboring area like Bulacan [province]," Nievares said in an interview with the Philippine Daily Inquirer Monday.

Her study found that the surface of a city, the materials and shapes of its structures affect the distribution of heat. She noted that building materials like asphalt and concrete absorb and trap heat from the sun.

Built with such materials, Metro Manila has become an urban heat island, Nievares said.

So the heat that Metro Manila residents feel on a hot summer day is not just radiated heat from the sun, but also heat that emanates from buildings, houses, and roads, Nievares said.

"Later in the day, as net solar radiation increases, most of the urban surface materials absorb and store a lot of energy [and] convert most of this energy into sensible heat flux," Nievares said. "The increase of sensible heat flux contributes to the increase of temperature over the urbanized area."

Pollutants in the atmosphere also block the rise of heat from the surface to the atmosphere. This is the reason why it is hot in the city even at night, Nievares said.

Urbanization has also affected rainfall, wind circulation and the breeze from Manila Bay, Nievares found.

As summer peaks, the temperature in Metro Manila has been rising, Pagasa said.

On Saturday, the city sizzled at 35.9 degrees Celsius, so far this year's highest temperature in Metro Manila.

The hottest temperature so far this year was recorded earlier this month at 38.4 degrees Celsius in Clark, Pampanga province, a rapidly urbanizing area.

Click here for more weather related news.

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Temperatures in Metro Manila are hitting the mid-30s, and if you find that too hot for you, blame it on the fast urbanization of the metropolis. Urbanization has distorted the heat balance in Metro Manila, leading to an increase in felt temperature by 1 degree to 2 degrees Celsius, according to a study by Nivagine Nievares, a weather specialist at the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa).

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Deforestation from road expansion jeopardizes ecosystems in Indonesian New Guinea - CIFOR Forests News (RESEARCHED BY: ALTHEA KAYE CAWAYAN)

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URL: https://forestsnews.cifor.org/74675/deforestation-from-road-expansion-jeopardizes-ecosystems-in-indonesian-new-guinea?fnl=en
TITLE: Deforestation from road expansion jeopardizes ecosystems in Indonesian New Guinea
AUTHOR: Julie Mollins
DATE: September 28, 2021
KEY INFO: New roads do not only increase the risk of deforestation, but they also increase access for other activities such as hunting, potentially impacting wildlife.

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The vast forests of the world's largest tropical island are populated by exotic birds of paradise, kingfishers, parrots, raptors and pigeons - these species representing just a handful of almost 750 that have so far been identified.

Yet New Guinea - notable for unique and biodiverse flora and fauna attributed to its turbulent geological history and range of tropical habitats from sea level to high elevation mountain ranges - faces multiple threats from deforestation, according to David Gaveau, a member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Oil Palm Task Force.

He worked with a team of Indonesian and international scientists to use satellite imagery to measure forest loss between 2001 and 2019, demonstrating close ties between expansion of the Trans-Papua Highway - a 4,000 km national investment project - the expansion of oil palm plantations and deforestation.

"Positive correlations between Trans-Papua Highway construction and plantation expansion indicate these are linked processes," said Gaveau. "Plantations and roads expanded rapidly after 2011, particularly in Papua province. While overall forest losses remain limited, our model shows how new roads may lead to more extensive deforestation. Some 4.5 million hectares of forest will be cleared by 2036 if Papua and West Papua follow similar patterns observed in Kalimantan on the island of Borneo."

With less land available elsewhere in the country, agro-industries are increasingly investing in the development of large monoculture plantations for palm oil, and pulp and paper production, he said, adding that extensive road construction supports related land development, as well as mining.

The scientists used satellite data to examine the patterns and relationships of deforestation, road development and plantation expansion from 2001 to 2019, then developed a model to predict future deforestation.

The data are summarized in the journal of Biological Conservation and presented interactively in the Nusantara Atlas.

"We believe that the role of civil society to monitor, alert and report on deforestation and land conversion in Papua and West Papua should be strengthened to ensure what happens on the ground is fair, transparent and democratic," Gaveau said.

"Although roads can bring benefits to previously remote and neglected communities, many observers are concerned that big commercial interests dominate over local needs across the region," he added. "They appear to facilitate access by concession owners to their oil palm or mining concessions and benefit their subsequent extractive industries with consequent harm to forests, to Indigenous Peoples and to biodiversity."

To reach their findings, the scientists calibrated six models using forest loss observed between 2010 and 2018 as the response variable. They generated yearly deforestation risk maps, simulating the spatial occurrence of forest loss over an 18-year time frame to 2036.

Using two scenarios - one which estimated the speed of forest loss as the percentage of forest loss observed between 2010 and 2018 in Indonesian New Guinea, relative to the total amount of forest left. The other scenario estimated forest loss as the percentage of forest loss based on what was observed in Indonesian Borneo between 2001 and 2018.

"Although our research focused on land-cover change, this is only one aspect of the threats to biodiversity in the area," said co-author Douglas Sheil, who is also a member of the IUCN task force, which investigates the sustainability of palm oil, and a professor at Wageningen University & Research in the Netherlands.

"New roads do not only increase the risk of deforestation, but they also increase access for other activities such as hunting, potentially impacting wildlife," he added. "But what I would emphasize - as particularly important and exciting in Indonesian New Guinea - is how the aspirations of local communities and conservation often align. In many instances people venerate, guard and protect nature as an integral part of their culture. If we work closely with these people we can develop plans that have local support, and bring many wider benefits both in terms of development and conservation. "

Overall, less forest loss has occurred in Indonesian New Guinea than in the rest of Indonesia, with only 2 percent of old growth forests cleared from 2001 to 2019, mostly due to plantation expansion, roads, timber cutting, fires, shifting agriculture, artisanal mining and landslides, according to the report.

"Policies overseeing land use decisions should carefully weigh the trade-offs in the region and acknowledge the significant local and international role these forests play economically and environmentally," Gaveau said.

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Deforestation from road expansion jeopardizes ecosystems in Indonesian New Guinea - CIFOR Forests News

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The vast forests of the world's largest tropical island are populated by exotic birds of paradise, kingfishers, parrots, raptors and pigeons - these species representing just a handful of almost 750 that have so far been identified.

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One Mindanao: Landslide (RESEARCHED BY: ALTHEA KAYE CAWAYAN)

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW2Do4fdZJw
TITLE: One Mindanao: Lanslide
AUTHOR: One Mindanao
DATE: January 24, 2023
KEY INFO: Part of the Megcawayan-Malabog road in Paquibato District, Davao City, is impassable due to a landslide. In addition, the road became a hazardous prone to vehicle accidents and causes several deaths to locals.

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URL: https://www.wetlands.org/blog/silted-up-swamps-in-the-philippines/
TITLE: Silted up swamps in the Philippines
AUTHOR: Fred Pearce
DATE: December 12, 2012
KEY INFO: Humanitarian organizations have been working to help victims of the Philippines' tragic flooding and landslide disasters for many years. However, the main cause of the disaster, deforestation, has not been addressed, thus humanitarian supplies, evacuation plans, and impromptu remedies like putting houses on stilts have all failed to stop the destruction.

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Deforestation Negative Impacts: Flooding, Erosion and Damage — Gaia Discovery (RESEARCHED BY: FRANCIS REDULLA)

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URL: https://www.gaiadiscovery.com/climate-change_adaptation/deforestation-negative-impacts-flooding-erosion-and-damage.html
TITLE: Deforestation Negative impacts: Flooding, Erosion, and Damage
AUTHOR:  Henrylito D. Tacio
DATE: December 12,2012
KEY INFO: The harmful effects of deforestation are explained on this website. which is the harm that erosion, flooding, and other factors can do to us. This incident occurred on December 12, 2012, in Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, which resulted in numerous fatalities and numerous injuries. As a result, this can be used to increase public awareness of deforestation and the harm it can do to humans.

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Text and Photos by Henrylito D. Tacio

Davao City, 1 December 2012. When nature strikes back, Filipinos should better watch out!

It happened in December last year in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan.  It happened again this year – also in December – in Compostela Valley (particularly the town of New Bataan) and Davao Oriental (specifically Cateel).

Nature took in the form of tropical storm.  Last year’s “Sendong” (international codename: Washi) laid to waste vast sections of Northern Mindanao, an area previously thought to be away from the path of storms. It killed more than 1,500 people.

“Pablo” (Bopha) left almost 400 people dead and hundreds more injured as it slowly exited the country.  More than 300 are still unaccounted for.  Most of the fatalities – some of them still unidentified – died from flash flood and mudslide.

Again, the usual suspect in the latest tragedy is deforestation.  In a recent press conference, Ramon Paje of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) claimed that about 80 percent of the remaining illegal logging “hot spots” in the country are located in the provinces hardest hit by “Pablo.”

According to the DENR head, the remaining hot spots are concentrated in Region 13 (Caraga Region) and Region 11 (Davao Region), which includes Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental.

Paje surmised that the devastation could be blamed in illegal logging operations in these two regions. “This is now proving that total log ban is right. Several quarters are criticizing the declaration of a total log ban but look at what happened?  It is now proving that we really must stop timber harvesting, especially in our natural forests,” he pointed out.

The total log ban is covered under Executive Order 23 which President Benigno Aquino III issued in February 2011.  The order stopped all authorized logging operations in natural forests nationwide, virtually halting timber extraction of about 300 million board feet a year.  As a result of the implementation of EO 23, the illegal logging hot spots have been drastically reduced to 31 from a high of 197.

In the case of “Sendong,” the heavy downpour of rains was just part of the disaster.  “The extent of the disaster brought about by ‘Sendong’ in southern Philippines was magnified because most of the forests in that region were heavily denuded due to logging and mining,” science journalist Ernesto Lawagan deplored.

Nereus Acosta, presidential adviser on environment, agreed.  In an interview with the Philippine Daily Inquirer, he said the deforestation of watersheds in Lanao del Norte and Bukidnon, which feed into the major rivers of Mindanao, had worsened the effects of heavy rains.

The floods blamed on deforestation almost always occur after prolonged rains, which saturate the soil, including forest soil, so that it can no longer absorb more water, explains Forests and Floods: Drowning in Fiction or Thriving on Facts?, published by UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the Center for International Forestry Research.

Rain then has nowhere to go but into rivers where it fills them to overflowing.  At its root, the flood equation is pretty simple: If a river cannot handle the load of water it’s required to carry, it must rise. With enough water, it must rise above its banks and flood. The faster water runs from the watershed into the river, the higher a flood will be. Thus anything that increases runoff speed – like excessive pavement or ditching of farmland – will contribute to floods.

“The waters came so suddenly and unexpectedly, and the winds were so fierce, that compounded the loss of lives and livelihood,” Compostela Valley Governor Arthur Uy was quoted as saying by Reuters.  He added that water catchment basins for farms on top of the mountains gave way due to the torrential rains, sending down heavy volumes of water to the flatlands.

More than 90 years ago, the Philippines was almost totally covered with forests distributed throughout the archipelago.  But with the current rate of deforestation rate of 157,400 hectares per year, the country is likely to lose its forests cover in less than 40 years.

“The Philippines is among the countries that are losing their forest cover fast, ranking fourth in the world’s top 10 most threatened forest hotspots,” wrote Marjorie Pamintuan, the spokesperson of Kalikasan People’s Network for the Environment.  “The area lost to deforestation every year is twice the land area of Metro Manila.”

Statistics showed that 54 years after Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan “rediscovered” the Philippines, 92% (27.5 million hectares) of the country’s total land area of 30 million hectares was covered with forests.  This went down to 70% (20.9 million hectares) in 1863 and then to 64% (18.9 million hectares) in 1920.

Then, Ferdinand Marcos became the president of the country.  After declaring Martial Law in 1972, the country saw rapid deforestation as the president changed the rules on logging leases, from one year to 10-year and even 25-year terms, according to James K. Boyce, author of the book, The Political Economy of Growth and Impoverishment in the Marcos Era.

By 1981, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations officially classified only 9.5 million hectares “closed forest” — with 70-100% forest cover —and 3 million hectares considered “undisturbed,” with 2 million hectares as “severely degraded and incapable of regeneration.”

There are several causes of deforestation in the country but logging – legal or otherwise – is the worst of them all.  “Logging is most ecologically destructive in the mountains,” wrote award-winning science journalist Alan C. Robles.  “It is next to impossible to replant trees on rocky mountainsides once their thin skin of topsoil has been washed away.”

As mountains are devoid of forests, flashfloods and landslides become a common thing during typhoons.  The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the country’s weather bureau, said the country normally experiences tropical cyclones of up to 20 a year.

But in recent years, typhoons have become more intense, stronger and destructive.  In November 1991, “Uring” claimed 5,101 lives and almost 3,000 others missing. 1984’s “Nitang” took the lives of 1,492 while 2008’s “Frank” snatched the lives of 1,410.  The death toll of 2006’s “Reming” was 1,399.

The culprit for these stronger typhoons, experts claim, is global warming that caused an increased sea temperature which, in turn increase the number of tropical cyclones and storms.  “Weather patterns could become unpredictable, as would extreme weather events, hurricanes could become much more stronger and more frequent,” wrote Lulu Bucay in a brochure published by the DENR.

Something must be done soon if the country has to survive.  “With the dwindling forests, coupled with the threats of more disasters brought by climate change, it is high time for a log ban and a massive reforestation effort,” Pamintuan suggested.  “However, the threats should be addressed so that the opportunities can be maximized.”

Others see it otherwise.  “Deforestation is a symptom of a bigger problem,” says Nicolo del Castillo, an architect by profession who teaches at the University of the Philippines.  “I probably sound baduy (tacky and outdated) but I see the problem in the prevailing system of values, that is, the greed, the need to be the biggest, the wealthiest, and sometimes you feel hopeless. I am an optimist, but possibly there will be more tragedies and maybe then more people will wake up.”

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Deforestation Negative Impacts: Flooding, Erosion and Damage — Gaia Discovery

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Deforestation causes huge social and environmental negative impacts. This happened in December last year in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. It happened again this year – also in December – in Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental.

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(REEARCHED BY: WILFREDO GALAGALA & ALTHEA KAYE CAWAYAN )

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8.) Public Service Message/Promotional Video

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8.) Public Service Message/Promotional Video

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPrG1KsWrP8
TITLE: First Tree Planting Fed Highway
AUTHOR: ACT Government
DATE: February 20, 2018
KEY INFO: Yarralumla Nursery has been nurturing the trees that will be used on the light rails project over 1,000 trees and more than 900,000 plants will be used on the project some of the tree are now ready to be planted at making their way to their new home on the verge of the federal Highway.

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAiotKZrhjE
TITLE: Threat to Amazon rainforest in Brazil driven by highway project
AUTHOR: CBS News
DATE: April 22, 2022
KEY INFO: The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is facing threats that impact the global climate. Research shows 17% of the world's largest rainforest has been destroyed in the last 50 years, and scientists warn a road project in the region is accelerating deforestation. The Washington Post's Rio de Janeiro bureau chief, Terrence McCoy, recently traveled highway BR-319 and shared what he saw.

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URL: https://edgedavao.net/vantage-points/2018/07/22/think-on-these-stop-deforestation-save-watershed/
TITLE: Think on These: Stop Deforestation, Save Watershed
AUTHOR: Henrylito D. Tacio
DATE: July 22, 2018
KEY INFO: One of the aftermaths of deforestation is soil erosion.  According to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), about a billion cubic meters, or around 200,000 hectares of one-meter deep topsoil, are lost annually due to erosion. The soil that was once the natural resource of the farmers becomes the mud and silt of the valleys below.

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Sustainable consumption: Helping consumers make eco-friendly choices [Policy Podcast] (RESEARCHED BY: ZAIMON MLOK)

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOT6q4vk3FE
TITLE: Sustainable consumption: Helping consumers make eco-friendly choices [Policy Podcast]
AUTHOR: European Parliamentary Research Service
DATE: November 19, 2020
KEY INFO: Household consumption in the EU has major environmental impacts, which in a number of cases exceed planetary boundaries. Two thirds of consumers in the EU realise that their consumption habits have negative effects on the environment, and the solution that they mention most often is to change consumption habits and production patterns. However, a number of studies have shown a gap between consumers' good intentions and their actual behaviour.

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Sustainable consumption: Helping consumers make eco-friendly choices [Policy Podcast]

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URL:
https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/menre/
TITLE: MENRE boosts reforestation to fight flood, climate chang
AUTHOR: Bangsamoro Information Office
Date: August 30,2022
KEY INFO: Around 11.5 million tree seedlings have been planted on 10,401 hectares of land across Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) according to Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENRE). Forester Abdul-Jalil Umngan, director of Forest Management Services, said that reforestation activity is one of the environmental interventions to minimize the effects of natural calamities and reduce climate change. Director Umngan also pointed out the essence and positive impact of reforestation to ensure that future generations will have more abundant forests than we enjoy today.

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14.). Non - Government Organization or Academic Institution Article 

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14.). Non - Government Organization or Academic Institution Article 

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URL:
https://www.gaiadiscovery.com/climate-change_adaptation/deforestation-negative-impacts-flooding-erosion-and-damage.html
TITLE: Deforestation Negative Impacts: Flooding, Erosion and Damage
AUTHOR: Henrylito D. Tacio
DATE: December 12,2012
KEY INFO:
The total log ban is covered under Executive Order 23 which President Benigno Aquino III issued in February 2011.  The order stopped all authorized logging operations in natural forests nationwide, virtually halting timber extraction of about 300 million board feet a year.  As a result of the implementation of EO 23, the illegal logging hot spots have been drastically reduced to 31 from a high of 197. In the case of “Sendong,” the heavy downpour of rains was just part of the disaster.  “The extent of the disaster brought about by ‘Sendong’ in southern Philippines was magnified because most of the forests in that region were heavily denuded due to logging and mining,” science journalist Ernesto Lawagan deplored.

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By Bioten Philippines | Facebook (RESEARCHED BY: FRANCIS REDULLA)

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/BiotenPhilippines/videos/453315109832188/
TITLE: The reality of deforestation and global warming posed a threat to the way of life of the Yangil Tribe for all these years. But it doesn’t have to stay this way for long

This 2022, help us complete our goal of reaching 88K Trees to provide a more promising future for the Yangil Community! Together with MAD Travel, For the Future, and Nadine L, let’s make this dream their new reality!

AUTHOR: Bioten Philippines
DATE: January 13,2022
KEY INFO: This film demonstrates how seriously deforestation affects people's lives. We can't guarantee our lives because deforestation can harm us humans and has a significant negative impact on us. However, this video shows that we can stop deforestation by making this video.

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The reality of deforestation and global warming posed a threat to the way of life of the Yangil Tribe for all these years. But it doesn’t have to stay... | By Bioten Philippines | Facebook

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196K views, 589 likes, 460 loves, 30 comments, 85 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Bioten Philippines: The reality of deforestation and global warming posed a threat to the way of life of the...

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URL: shorturl.at/rACK3
TITLE: Davao City, Davao Del Sur, Philippines Deforestation Rates
DATE: February 3, 2023
AUTHOR: Global Forest Watch
KEY INFO: From 2000 to 2020, Davao City experienced a net change of -4.67kha (-2.5%) in tree cover. From 2001 to 2021, Davao City lost 9.52kha of tree cover, equivalent to a 6.1% decrease in tree cover since 2000, and 5.28Mt of CO₂e emissions. From 2000 to 2020, Davao City gained 1.02kha of tree cover region-wide equal to 25% of all tree cover gain in Davao del Sur. As of 2000, 71% of Davao City was tree cover.

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Whale sculpture marks Bristol's Green Capital status (RESEARCHED BY: DWAYNE DELLOSA)

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URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-33548708
TITLE: Bristol Whales
AUTHOR: Sue Lipscombe
DATE: July 16, 2015
KEY INFO: The artwork, named The Bristol Whales, has been installed in Millennium Square to mark the city's status as European Green Capital. It represents the threat of plastic pollution in the world's oceans, particularly plastic bags and food and drink packaging, organisers said.

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Agenda 2030 webinar series: Sustainable consumption and production (RESEARCHED BY: DWAYNE DELLOSA)

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1dxHAUKgFg
TITLE: Agenda 2030 webinar series: Sustainable consumption and production
AUTHOR: Nordregio Videos
DATE: January 27, 2021
KEY INFO:
The Nordic populations enjoy high standards of living, but also stand out in global rankings as over-consumers of natural resources. In order to reach the SDGs in the Nordics, our production and consumption patterns must change.
On 27 January 2021, during the fourth in a series of Agenda 2030 dedicated webinars, together with a series of experts and speakers, we discussed how municipal authorities can contribute to this process - internally in their own organisation (through circular systems for resources and waste and sustainable procurement) and externally by cooperating with businesses, the educational sector, citizens and other stakeholders.

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Agenda 2030 webinar series: Sustainable consumption and production

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Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Social Movement in History Is Restoring Grace, Justice, and Beauty to the World (RESEARCHED BY: DWAYNE DELLOSA)

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URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessed_Unrest
TITLE: Blessed Unrest
AUTHOR: Paul Hawken
DATE: 2006
KEY INFO: Paul Hawken spent more than a decade researching organizations committed to reclaiming the environment and promoting social justice for his New York Times best-selling analysis of the global movement for social and environmental change. The largest movement on earth is made up of these organizations, which range from billion-dollar nonprofits to one-person dot.causes. It lacks a name, a leader, or a specific location, and it is largely unnoticed by the media and by politicians.

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Before the Flood - Trailer | National Geographic (RESEARCHED BY: DWAYNE DELLOSA)

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URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9xFFyUOpXo
TITLE: Before the Flood
DIRECTOR: Mark Kurlansky
DATE: October 21, 2016
KEY INFO: The movie examines climate change denial while examining the effects of climate change in various parts of the world. The documentary features interviews with many well-known people. The filmmakers paid a voluntary carbon tax to offset the carbon emissions of the production. Mogwai, Gustavo Santaolalla, Trent Reznor, and Atticus Ross all contributed songs to the soundtrack.

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Before the Flood - Trailer | National Geographic

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Plastic Polution (RESEARCHED BY: DWAYNE DELLOSA)

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URL: https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution
TITLE: Plastic Pollution
AUTHOR: Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser
DATE: This article was first published in September 2018. It was updated in April 2022 based on the most recent research.
KEY INFO: Understanding the various components of the plastic production, distribution, and waste management chain is necessary to comprehend the extent of the input of plastics into the natural environment and the world's oceans. This is essential for determining the scope of the issue as well as for carrying out the best interventions for its mitigation.