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Public Works Administration "was an organizational cornerstone of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal" and "from June 1933 until 1939, public works projects of all shapes, purposes, and sizes were undertaken in virtually every part of the United States and its territories" (Public Works Administration (PWA) | Encyclopedia.com).

Public Works Administration "was not devoted to the direct hiring of the unemployed."   However, PWA "administered loans and grants to state and local governments, which then hired private contractors to do the work" (Public Works Administration (PWA), 1933-1943 - Living New Deal).

The arrangement between state and local governments and private contractors "was intended to increase demand for labor and construction goods, and thus act as a catalyst for economic recovery"(Public Works Administration (PWA), 1933-1943 - Living New Deal).

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The Hoover Dam "is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona" (Hoover Dam - Wikipedia). The Hoover Dam was built between 1931 and 1936.

The Hoover Dam was partly constructed due to the Black Canyon and nearby Boulder Canyon being "investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power" (Hoover Dam - Wikipedia).

The Hoover Dam can be found in Boulder City, NV (roughly 30 minutes outside of Las Vegas) and was one of the projects founded by the Public Works Administration.

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The goal of the Hoover dam was to "disseminat[e] the one-wild Colorado River through the parched Southwest landscape, fueling the development of such major cities as Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Phoenix." Due to the development of the Hoover Dam, the dam is "capable of irrigating 2 million acres." (Hoover Dam - HISTORY)

The goal of irrigation was to allow "farming to take place in a region that was far too dry previously to effectively grow and feed a significant population" (The Hoover Dam and its Importance | Charlotte Kruse's Blog (psu.edu).  By having the land dammed and irrigated, the Hoover Dam allowed the population in the Southwest United States to expand.

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The story of the Hoover Dam - YouTube

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The Hoover Dam's purpose was to not only irrigate the land but also generate electricity. Today, the Hoover Dam "has 17 turbines that can produce about four billion kilowatts of electricity per year [..]. That’s enough to provide the power needs for over a million people living in the Southwestern United States" (Purpose of the Hoover Dam (usatoday.com).

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One of the outcomes of the Hoover Dam is it "provides water for communities in Nevada, California and Arizona, including Los Angeles, Phoenix and San Diego, supporting an estimated 18 million people" (Purpose of the Hoover Dam (usatoday.com).

Damming the Colorado River helped increase population in Southern Nevada and Arizona. Because of the river being dammed the danger of flooding from the area below the dam was limited.  "With the dam in place, authorities could control the flow of the river downstream and prevent floods" which help prevent crop lost and flooded homes from occurring (Purpose of the Hoover Dam (usatoday.com).

The Hoover Dam is also a reliable source of energy. For example, "hydroelectric power was not part of the original plan for the dam but between 1939 and 1949 a power plant was inserted into the structure. " The Hoover Dam has over 17 turbines that "generat[e] more than 4 billion kilowatt hours annually and the majority of this energy – 56 percent – goes to customers in southern California, with 25 percent going to Nevada" (Purpose of the Hoover Dam (usatoday.com).

The Hoover Dam is also a modern engineering marvel. The Hoover Dam "was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985 and one of America’s Seven Modern Civil Engineering Wonders in 1994" (Hoover Dam - HISTORY).

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Many labors flocked to what is now known as Boulder City, NV, "a community specifically built six miles from the work site to house its employees" in search of job opportunities (Hoover Dam - HISTORY.

The land known as Boulder City had no ability to grow crops and "was a harsh, desert environment." It's whole reason for Boulder City's creation "was the need to house workers contracted to build the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River"  (Boulder City, Nevada - Wikipedia). The likelihood of Boulder City being developed as much as it today was due to creation of the Hoover Dam.

Due to the big size and duration of the project, it "required the Bureau of Reclamation to consider the construction of a semi-permanent town rather than a temporary arrangement" which led to the development of Boulder City (Boulder City, Nevada - Wikipedia).

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Boulder City, Nevada. (2022, March 3). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_City

History.com Editors. (2018, August 21). Hoover Dam. HISTORY; A&E Television Networks. https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/hoover-dam

Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, March 24). Hoover Dam. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam

Purpose of the Hoover Dam. (2011). Travel Tips - USA Today. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from  https://traveltips.usatoday.com/purpose-hoover-dam-62077.html

The story of the Hoover Dam. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qjz-DvzkHMw&t=2s

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Public Works Administration (PWA) | Encyclopedia.com. (n.d.). Www.encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/economics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/public-works-administration-pwa#:~:text=The%20Public%20Works%20Administration%2C%20popularly%20known%20as%20the

Public Works Administration (PWA), 1933-1943. Living New Deal. (2017, March 3). Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/public-works-administration-pwa-1933-1943/

The Hoover Dam and its Importance | Charlotte Kruse’s Blog. (n.d.). Sites.psu.edu. https://sites.psu.edu/charlottekruse/2014/04/28/the-hoover-dam-and-its-importance/

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The Hoover Dam is one of the United States most famous dams and, standing 726 feet high, it's also the nation's third largest. More than 21,000 men labored to construct the dam between 1931 and its opening in 1935, of whom 96 died. When President Herbert Hoover authorized the project, he based his decision on the dam's ability to irrigate farmland, provide a reliable water supply for southern California and control the flow of the Colorado River.

Irrigation

Before the dam was built, the southwest had several areas where farming was impossible due to the lack of water. The Imperial Canal project, begun in 1900, took water from the Colorado south towards the Mexican border and showed that irrigation made settlement possible. By 1905, about 67,000 acres of land could be cultivated due to the canal's irrigation, allowing the towns of Calexico, Imperial and Mexicali to be established. In all, about 12,000 people lived on the irrigated land. Today, the dam irrigates more than one million acres in the United States and a further half million acres in Mexico, enabling those areas to produce fruit, cotton and grain.

Water Supply

The authorities also hoped the dam could provide a more reliable supply of water for towns and cities than had been possible before its construction. The resultant water enabled the development of Las Vegas and other planned communities in southern Nevada, including Green Valley and Summerlin. Today the dam provides water for communities in Nevada, California and Arizona, including Los Angeles, Phoenix and San Diego, supporting an estimated 18 million people.

Flood Control

Damming the Colorado removed the danger of flooding from the area below the dam. In the early years of the 20th century, flooding was a regular hazard for local farmers and flooding in the Imperial Valley between 1903 and 1907 led to extensive crop losses, disastrous for individual farmers and for the local community. With the dam in place, authorities could control the flow of the river downstream and prevent floods.

Hydroelectric Power

Hydroelectric power was not part of the original plan for the dam but between 1939 and 1949 a power plant was inserted into the structure. When it was installed, the plant was the largest of its kind in the world. The design features 17 turbines located at the base of the dam, generating more than 4 billion kilowatt hours annually. The majority of this energy - 56 percent - goes to customers in southern California, with 25 percent going to Nevada.

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The Hoover Dam is one of the United States most famous dams and, standing 726 feet high, it's also the nation's third largest. More than 21,000 men labored to construct the dam between 1931 and its opening in 1935, of whom 96 died.