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1473-1543, Polish priest and mathematician

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He denied the theory about how the Earth is the center of the universe and that the sun revolves around the Earth. Copernicus created the Heliocentric theory, the Earth and the other plants all revolve around the sun.

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1514-1564, Belgian physician and anatomist

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He accurately describes the human anatomy in his Seven Books on the Structure of the Human Body in 1543. The way he described the human anatomy was more accurate than the classic Greek scientist Galen.

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Francis Bacon promoted the Scientific Method idea with Rene Descartes which led to a whole new approach to science. He stressed the idea that any theories must be supported by evidence.

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1564-1642 Italian mathematician and scientist

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Galileo invited a telescope that allowed him to look at planets and stars, he was the first person to use a telescope for astronomy. He also established basic laws of motion from experimentation. He got arrested by the inquisition and was forced to recant the endorsement of the heliocentric theory.

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1571-1630, German mathematician and astronomer

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He accepted the Heliocentric theory and concluded that the theory was correct. But he added that the planets don't revolve the sun in a perfect circular movement, planets have more elliptical movements.

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1578-1657, English physician and anatomist

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William Harvey brought dramatic changes to the medical field with his discover of the circulation of blood. He explained the purpose or arteries, veins, and the heart in On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals.

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1596-1650, French philosopher and mathematician

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Rene Descartes invented analytic geometry. He is mostly famous for his philosophical work. Descartes believed that mathematical proof is the model for rational scientific inquiry.

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Robert Boyle created the theory known as Boyle's law. This theory describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of gasses. He created this theory by investigating air. He questioned the belief that the Earth was made up of four elements in The Sceptical Chemist. Those four elements are water, fire, air, and earth.

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1629-1693, Dutch physicist and astronomer

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He discovered Saturn's rings, built the first pendulum clock which was also Galileo's idea, and proposed the wave theory of light.

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Anton designed a powerful microscope and used it to describe bacteria, protozoa, spermatozoa, and blood corpuscles.

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1642-1727, English physicist and mathematician

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After studying Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravitation and formulates three laws of motion which formed the basics of physics called Newtonian mechanics. Isaac Newton also created a telescope that uses a curved mirror to focus light. He developed a mathematical system called calculus. His best known work is his The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Isaac Newton is one of the greatest theoretical scientists in history.

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In Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, he described the constituent gasses of air, and shows that combustion can only take place in the presence of oxygen. He also developed the modern system for naming chemical compounds and proposes that matter is never destroyed in chemical reactions, this is called Law of Conservation of Matter.