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CBP projects unaccompanied children will surpass 2014 crisis

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CBP projects unaccompanied children will surpass 2014 crisis

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Geneva Sands, C., 2022. CBP projects unaccompanied children will surpass 2014 crisis. [online] CNN. Available at: https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/29/politics/customs-border-protection-unaccompanied-children-numbers/index.html
[Accessed 18 May 2022].

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The number of children arriving without a parent at the southern border is expected to surpass the levels during the 2014 unaccompanied minor crisis, according to Customs and Border Protection data obtained by CNN.

CBP expects that by Sept. 30, more than 100,000 unaccompanied children will be apprehended on the border or encountered at a port of entry, based on projections using data from prior years.

During fiscal year 2014 - when the numbers of unaccompanied children overwhelmed Border Patrol stations and sparked public outcry - 72,750 children arrived alone at the US southern border, according to a Department of Homeland Security official.

At the time, the Obama administration took a number of steps to address the surge, which included, adding additional enforcement resources, creating additional detention space for families, and creating a new child and family court docket. Additionally, the US government worked with Mexico and Central American countries to discourage illegal migration.

These "short-term policies" were a "success" and greatly reduced the numbers of women and children arriving at the southern border, according to a report by the non-partisan Migration Policy Institute written after the 2014 surge.

But, the report also found 2014 policies did "not advance longer-term solutions."

Apprehensions of children at the border have already been on the rise this year. US Border Patrol has apprehended 26,937 unaccompanied children in fiscal year 2019, more than 9,000 more than during the same time period last year, according to the most recently available government data.

The majority of unaccompanied children are between 12 and 17, according to a DHS official.

This latest surge comes as the administration has been warning of a crisis at the southern border, with families and children arriving in numbers not reached in a decade. Earlier Friday, Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen said "the system is in freefall."

CBP refers unaccompanied migrant children to Health and Human Services, which houses them in shelters and attempts to place them with a sponsor in the United States.

CBP is struggling to place children in HHS custody in a timely manner, according to a senior DHS official.

"Children's lives are being put at risk," said the official who added, "HHS is out of capacity, so what that means is that children are staying in CBP care at border facilities while awaiting bed space at HHS and it is not a place for children."

CNN reported Thursday that the HHS Office of Refugee Resettlement, which manages the unaccompanied minor program, is preparing for the arrivals of unaccompanied children in its care to double this fiscal year to more than 60,000, according to an HHS official.

Earlier this week, HHS spokesperson Evelyn Stauffer said in a statement their department "continues to receive children referred to our care from the Department of Homeland Security and place them in an appropriate shelter as safely and quickly as possible."

"The program will continue to evaluate needs and capacity in order to care for the hundreds of UAC that cross the US border daily," Stauffer said.

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international relations and national security

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us department of health and human services

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CBP projects unaccompanied children will surpass 2014 crisis | CNN Politics

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The number of children arriving without a parent at the southern border is expected to surpass the levels during the 2014 unaccompanied minor crisis, according to Customs and Border Protection data obtained by CNN. CBP expects that by Sept.

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Making Sense Of The Worst Refugee Crisis Since World War II

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Making Sense Of The Worst Refugee Crisis Since World War II

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Dolasia, Meera. “Making Sense Of The Worst Refugee Crisis Since World War II.” DOGOnews, DOGO Media, Inc., 16 Sep, 2015, www.dogonews.com/2015/9/16/making-sense-of-the-worst-refugee-crisis-since-world-war-ii. Accessed 18 May. 2022.

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Photo Credit: Worldbank.org

Leaving one's home country is never an easy decision. But it is especially hard when the journey is fraught with danger and uncertainty, and there is no guaranty of a successful outcome. Unfortunately, unbearable conflict or repression forces thousands of people to take the plunge each year. However, over the past two years, the number of refugees has escalated to alarming levels, and there appears to be no end in sight.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), by the end of 2014, there were 19.5 million people living as refugees, almost 3 million more than in 2013. The humanitarian agency stated that last year, conflict and persecution displaced over 42,000 people daily! Some moved to "safer" zones within the country in hopes of coming back when things improved. Others gave up on their homeland and left to seek refuge in neighboring nations.

Photo Credit: aa.com

While leaving the country may sound like a great way to start a new life, it is not. That's because refugees are not instantly allowed to become citizens of the country they are seeking asylum in. Instead, they have to register with the United Nations and apply for a new home, a process that could take up to 24 months and sometimes even longer. Meanwhile, they spend their days in tented camps that are often crowded and offer little in the form of amenities. There are also no schools for kids. It is only after they receive an invite from a third country, that they can settle down and start a new life.

But despite knowing the odds, millions of people are opting to become refugees. The numbers are so large that they are being compared to the situation at the end of World War II when between seven and nine million Germans fled or were expelled from Eastern Europe. So what is causing this latest displacement? Read on . . .

Image Credit: UNHCR

The biggest and most pressing refugee crisis involves the residents of Syria who are leaving the country in unprecedented numbers. The issue can be traced back to the series of revolutions that began in Tunisia and then spread to other nations in North Africa and the Middle East. While some of the leaders gave in to the demands for change and resigned, Syria's Bashar al-Assad's was not as accommodating. As a result, Syria has been embroiled in a bitter civil war since then. If that is not bad enough, the residents also have to suffer through the daily atrocities imposed by ISIS members.

It is no wonder that the fear and chaos has caused 12 million Syrians to leave their homes since 2011. Of these 7.6 million have been internally displaced and remain in the country, while 4 million, (one in every five Syrian) have fled to neighboring areas and are currently living as refugees.

Image Credit: UNHCR

Of these, about 2 million are living in camps outside Turkey. Another million have sought refuge in neighboring Lebanon, and about 629,000 are living in makeshift homes in Jordan. Though the three countries were initially sympathetic, their resources are now being stretched thin. As a result, they have tightened their borders, forcing fleeing Syrians to make the treacherous journey across the Mediterranean to Europe.

In 2014, about 219,000 people crossed over to seek asylum in Europe. In just eight months of 2015, the number has increased to over 300,000, and there is no end in sight. What's even more disheartening is that 51% of the refugees are under the age of 18, and 39% are under the age of 11.

Image Credit: UNHCR

To make matters worse, Syrians are not the only ones seeking refuge. Political and other conflicts are causing people to leave Iraq, Eritrea, Southern Sudan, and Afghanistan in record numbers.

Meanwhile, European countries are trying to come up with a solution to handle the increasingly worrisome refugee situation. On September 7th, Germany's Angela Merkel announced that the country would open its borders to all asylum seekers and urged other European nations to do the same. However, the Chancellor was forced to retract her promise and close its boundaries within a week. While the alleged reason is a shortage of beds in the refugee reception centers, many believe the Chancellor and her team were spooked by the large number of refugees that rushed in.

Aerial view of Za'atri camp for Syrian refugees in Jordon (Photo Credit: By U.S. Department of State [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

On September 14th, the 28 European Union officials held an emergency meeting to come up a feasible solution. However, it was not very productive. Though the members agreed to settle 160,000 refugees, they could not reach a decision on how many each country would be responsible for. Though it may sound callous not to help another human in need, the officials have to be careful. That's because they also have to consider the cost and impact a large inflow of new immigrants would have on the local communities.

But even the prospect of spending years in crowded tented camps with no stable home does not seem to be deterring the Syrians who continue to flee their country in droves. On Sunday, Sept 14, Hungarian police detained 5,809 refugees, the highest number to cross the Mediterranean since . . . The previous day when 4,330 were held back!

Resources:.com, aljazeera.com, vox.com, news.yahoo.com, the nation

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Making Sense Of The Worst Refugee Crisis Since World War II

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Leaving one's home country is never an easy decision. But it is especially hard when the journey is fraught with danger and uncertainty and there is no guaranty of a successful outcome.

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Leaving your home isn't easy. In 2014, over 19.5 million people left they're home and are living as refugees.  Many children have come alone as well. 72, 250 unaccompanied children had made it to the US southern border. With nowhere to put them, many apprehensions have taken place. The US border patrol apprehended at least 26,937 children, over 9,000 last year. CBP refers the children the health and human services, it is not enough. The children are at risk.

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Refugees don't get education until they become  citizen in the country they are wanting to live in. As of August 2019, over 2 million Syrian children are at risk of dropping out, while 800,000 refugees remain in school. It also depends on location, rural areas have extremely limited access to schools. Because of attacks on education facilities and military use of over 50 schools, rural areas don't have school near them. This makes it hard for refugees with little to no transportation to get to school. Refugees also need to learn the curriculum of their new home. Sometimes they must learn an entire language, which is hard to learn with age. Many refugees can also suffer from discrimination and harassment for being different

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Refugees, U., 2022. The things they left behind. [online] UNHCR. Available at: <https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2014/12/56ec1e731e/the-things-they-left-behind.html> [Accessed 18 May 2022].

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Whenever you leave home, there's inevitably something you crave: a food, a place, an item of clothing or just your own bed. It's far worse when you have no time to pack. In the past year nearly 200,000 people have fled to Ethiopia to escape a brutal civil war in South Sudan. They ran for days, weeks or months - often arriving empty-handed.

Most fled fighting, and some witnessed terrible atrocities. Tanks flattening houses. Trucks running people over. Parents or siblings being shot. Neighbours cut down as they ran. There was seldom time to grab anything, as people scattered in all directions, some never to be seen again.

Stories of missing friends and family members abound in the refugee camps in Ethiopia's Gambella region, where UNHCR and its partners are working to make daily life less harsh. The memories of loved ones and all else that was lost are still sharp. But as people start to rebuild their lives, they find themselves missing the little things they left behind, the everyday items that hold a special place in their hearts.

Here, eight refugees from South Sudan share their thoughts on the things they miss the most.
Gatluak's home
Gatluak, 48, is a tailor who used the only money he had to buy a sewing machine, hoping one day to earn enough to return to South Sudan and rebuild his life in Malakal. But after nearly a year of civil war, his hometown remains unsafe and he is stranded with two of his children at Tierkidi refugee camp in Ethiopia. He is still hoping for news of his wife and their other three children, who vanished in the conflict.

"I miss my home, which was destroyed. Everything else in it is replaceable, but nothing can bring the house I built back. I used to work for the government and sew at night. I like this job because I am perfect at it. When I mend clothes and the owners pick them up, they look great and they are very happy, which makes me happy. Here, there are very few customers; in South Sudan, I had many. Only if the top politicians make good deals to stop the killing can they mend my broken country. When someone brings broken clothes to my sewing table, I can fix it. The same goes for South Sudan. These problems need to be brought to a round table and fixed."
Nyachuol's toys
Nyachuol, a 14-year-old from Mathiang in South Sudan's Unity State, fled to Ethiopia in May without her parents. She has since been reunited with her mother, but arrived too late to register for school. Now, she says, the game of playing house that she enjoyed back home is a grim reality in a sprawling camp of over 48,000 people.

"I miss my kitchen toys in South Sudan. I used to love playing with them. The food is not the same here. It doesn't taste good, but it's all we have. We just take plants from the garden and cook them. When we made the trip, I was so hungry, and there were dangerous animals. I didn't meet any other adults for a whole day, and then I bumped into some men who showed me elephant footprints and told me that it was dangerous to follow them so I went with them instead."
Nyantay's bed
When fighting broke out in her village in South Sudan, Nyantay, who is 40-something and blind, stumbled through the forest alone. She bumped into trees and fell so often that she began to wish that the lions and hyenas she heard would come and eat her.

"I miss my bed the most. My bed at home was so comfortable, not like here. Because I don't see during the day, at night I dream of the countryside and see heaven, with very good people in it. I miss seeing the sunrise. I used to get up early to watch this. Eyes are very important. You can see where you're going, you can see danger and distance, but now it's all gone. I can't see a future for me. Here, I just sit in one place feeling sad."
Gatwech's shoes
Gatwech, 15, lives in Ethiopia's Tierkidi refugee camp and hopes to study to become a politician so that he can 'do good' in South Sudan. He is determined to bring power to the people in the form of roads, electricity and hospitals, instead of a war that turns everything bad.

"I miss my shoes and clothes. It makes me so sad that when I go to school I don't have anything to wear. Every day I wear the same things that don't fit, and I'm always barefoot. I had to walk all the way from South Sudan without shoes. I used to have these black shoes with white soles, and when I wore them I felt so powerful - like people would see me and respect me, like I had everything. When I go to the forest to collect firewood here, I cut my feet and I just think of those shoes back home that would stop me hurting now."
Gatdet's mother's money
Gatdet, just 11 years old, was forced to run from his home in South Sudan and hide in a river that ran red with blood as gunmen picked off his classmates and relatives and others drowned. Now, after an untended fire engulfed his family's tent at Kule refugee camp in Ethiopia, the only thing he owns is a metal plane he made out of empty oil cans.

"At the time, I was just worried about my brothers, that they would be all burned. I didn't get burned because my neighbours came and dragged me out, but all my clothes were burned, the food, the cooking oil, the mattress, sheets, blankets - all gone. I miss the money that my mother made from her business making tea and bread the most. I am sad about everything we lost. I was going to school, but all my books were burnt. I like planes, as they move from place to place. I would like to go to many places, like America. I hope to go to South Sudan, too, because that is my country, but we left because the men with guns came."
Nyaboth's skirt
Nine-year-old Nyaboth wears oversized rags in Pugnido refugee camp, Ethiopia, where she and her twin sister sought refuge after witnessing mass killings in South Sudan. She would like to become a teacher one day, to help people live good lives.

"I want to have money to buy clothes, so that people will see me looking nice. I miss my black-and-white skirt most. I used to wear it to church and sometimes to school, and I would feel so happy. One day at school, I heard the war, the guns that sounded like 'tow tow tow'. The soldiers came and fought the pupils and I hid there for three days. My parents came and collected me and we went home for two days. It was so nice and quiet and we didn't think it would get noisy again. When it did, there was no time to think about clothes."
Koang's laptop
Koang, 21, was a medical student in South Sudan, but had to run with just the clothes on his back when the brutal conflict came to his city, Malakal. He cannot continue his university education in Ethiopia's Kule refugee camp, so he stays busy tending a vegetable garden and helping to build a school so that he and others can get a proper education.

"I miss my laptop the most. Everything that I need is in that computer. I use it for communicating with people, emailing, and it meant a lot to me. I had all my documents in there, all my private things, my secrets and my communication with friends."
Nyaruot's bread
Nyaruot, 13, remembers a time when food was plentiful back home in South Sudan. Now she takes her one-year-old sister, Susanna, to a feeding centre for malnourished children in Ethiopia's Leitchuor refugee camp, where over 45,000 South Sudanese refugees are living on a floodplain. Among children below the age of five, almost one in 10 is malnourished - often after spending days or weeks without food or shelter while fleeing violence at home. While the girls are at the feeding centre, their mother is busy trying to find some onions or stock to make their daily meal of wheat more palatable - but Nyaruot dreams of eating tasty bread from back home.

"The baby can't eat what big people eat, so she cries from hunger. When I see Susanna crying, I feel so lost and remember our home in South Sudan, where we could give her anything she wanted. We were much bigger there. I was massive. I don't want to be thin or fat, I just want to be in the middle. It was so hard coming here. Dad wasn't there and there was no food, so we just drank puddle water. The colour was horrible. We drained it through our skirts to get some of the dirt out. It tasted horrid, but there was nothing else, and it made my mother cry seeing us drink it. We'd feel dizzy afterwards, but that might be because of the hunger. My heart longs for bread, and going to school every day, because when Susanna is sick I have to care for her."

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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

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Most fled fighting, and some witnessed terrible atrocities. Tanks flattening houses. Trucks running people over. Parents or siblings being shot. Neighbours cut down as they ran. There was seldom time to grab anything, as people scattered in all directions, some never to be seen again.

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Unicef.org. 2022. Migrant and displaced children. [online] Available at: <https://www.unicef.org/migrant-refugee-internally-displaced-children> [Accessed 18 May 2022].

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Children should be safe from violence and be able to grow up with their families. They shouldn't have to miss school or be scared to visit the doctor. They shouldn't be discriminated against because of where they come from. They should be able to feel at home - wherever they find themselves and wherever home is.

Children around the world, regardless of where they are from and why they have left their homes, should be treated the same

UNICEF works around the world to help protect the rights of migrant and displaced children. We provide life-saving humanitarian supplies in refugee camps. We run child-friendly spaces - safe places where children on the move can play, where mothers can rest and feed their babies in private, where separated families can reunite. We support national and local governments to put in place laws, policies, systems and services that are inclusive of all children and address the specific needs of migrant and displaced children, helping them thrive.

UNICEF also collects, analyses and disseminates data and gathers evidence about the situation and individual experiences of children and young people on the move. We help keep families together. We work to end child immigration detention by helping governments put in place alternative community- and family-based solutions. We work with governments, the private sector and civil society. We empower children and youth on the move with cutting-edge solutions, partnering with them and making their voices heard.

The solutions exist, and they're attainable. Learn more about our Agenda for Action to support children on the move.

The Global Refugee Compact

The Global Refugee Compact is an international agreement that sets the building blocks for a stronger, more predictable and more equitable international response to large refugee situations. The Compact, adopted in 2018, gives the international community and host countries a roadmap to better include refugees in national systems, societies and economies, to enable them to contribute to their new communities and to secure their own futures. The four key objectives of the Compact are: to ease pressures on host countries; increase refugee self-reliance; expand access to resettlement and other solutions; and support conditions in countries of origin for refugees to return in safety and dignity.

UNICEF is strongly committed to the Global Compact on Refugees and is working to help reach its objectives. UNICEF has developed a ' Blueprint for Joint Action' with UNHCR to renew our common commitment to the rights of refugee children and the communities that host them, and to support their inclusion and access to vital services. The blueprint documents good practices from our work around the world in support of refugee children and young people, as well as those of host communities.

The Global Compact for Migration

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration is a landmark agreement that for the first time recognizes that children are central to migration management. It shows that UNICEF's six-point Agenda for Action is doable and provides a framework to bring it to life. UNICEF actively participated in the 18 months of negotiations that led to the final document - including by facilitating the active participation of young migrants in this process. The Compact was adopted at an intergovernmental conference in Marrakech, Morocco, in December 2018. UNICEF is working to translate the commitments that governments agreed to in the Compact document into real change and positive impact in the lives of children on the move around the world, including as a member of the UN Network on Migration.

Children uprooted in a changing climate

The climate is changing everywhere, but uprooted children and young people - whether living in protracted displacement, refugee camps, urban slums or bustling mega cities - are among the most exposed to its impacts, with the least access to essential services to build resilience.

Strengthening services and systems for children and young people who move, and ensuring safe migration is an option for children and young people affected by climate change, is essential. After all, safe and productive migration can be an important strategy in helping young people adapt. It is also critical that action is taken to minimize the risk of climate-related displacement, including by reducing global emissions and including children and young people on the move in resilience building efforts.

But children should not be viewed as passive bystanders in tackling these challenges. Children and young people uprooted can also be key agents for change. They have critical skills, experiences and ideas we need to better mitigate and adapt to climate change and must be partners in shaping solutions.

Read more about the impact of climate and UNICEF's response.

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Many refugee children have mental health illnesses. While migrating, they have experienced physical and emotional traumas from witnessing violence. Not just that but they are also separated from their parents/guardians while migrating. They have been rid of basic needs and education, this messes with normal development. Those who don't get educated are likely to feel helpless and weak. This increases their vulnerability and terrorism. Their location could also have a toll on their health. Horrible living conditions, violence, and poor nutrition could also be bad for children.

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Many refugees leave because of chaos and war. They have witnessed a lot of their family and friends die. Children have had to hide and witness bloodshed. They made a difficult decision to leave their home for the safety of who they had left. Many people will never get back what they lost after leaving. Peoples hard work, food, prized possessions, and more. People gave it a lot up and fled. They didn't have a choice.

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Refugee Children: The Challenges They Face and the Efforts to Overcome Them

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Refugee Children: The Challenges They Face and the Efforts to Overcome Them

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Djilp.org. 2022. Refugee Children: The Challenges They Face and the Efforts to Overcome Them – Denver Journal of International Law & Policy. [online] Available at: <http://djilp.org/refugee-children-the-challenges-they-face-and-the-efforts-to-overcome-them/#post-9726-footnote-31> [Accessed 18 May 2022].

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In 2018, there were 25.9 million refugees globally- the highest number ever seen. Over half of these refuges are children. The refugee crisis is a global issue that affects more than any one country or region. However, two countries account for nearly half of the child refugees in the world: Syria and Afghanistan. The refugee crisis in Syria began in 2011 and has increasingly become more violent, causing refugees to flee in large numbers. This violence and resulting migration affects all migrants but is particularly detrimental to migrant children. This paper discusses the main challenges that refugee children face during their experience as refugees. These consist of neurological challenges, mental health challenges, and legal challenges. This paper also looks at efforts to help children overcome these challenges. These challenges have serious implications not only for the foreseeable future, but also well into future decades. It is important to increase efforts to rehabilitate these children and reintegrate them into their new communities so the effects of the violence and conflict that these children face are mitigated. These efforts must be pursued by more than just a single government or organization. If there is to be real improvement, the entire international community will need to work together to improve the lives of refugee children, which will benefit society for many generations to come.
Neurological Challenges i. Stress Response Regulation
Stress has a dramatic effect on the development of a young brain. The body produces cortisol, among other hormones as a response to stress. Cortisol helps the body regulate its response to stress and cope effectively with adverse situations. Cortisol is meant to be released in short bursts, but sustained stress causes cortisol to be released frequently. High, sustained levels of cortisol result in damage to the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain that is critical to both learning and memory. Therefore, sustained activation of the stress response system can lead to impairments in learning, memory, and stress response regulation.

Some recent research on animals has indicated that the neurological effects of stress are not limited to the generation experiencing the trauma. The results indicate that parent-caused stress affects the brains of the offspring, but also that these traits are trans-generationally inheritable. This means that the neurological effects of stress that refugee children develop can eventually be passed down to their children, and even their children's children. These findings implicate the refugee population in significant ways. Millions of children are born into an unstable world, witnessing violence firsthand every day. In addition, there are many other circumstances that act as stressors such as lack of safety, inconsistent or nonexistent schooling, and unstable community and family support systems. Perhaps the most significant and lasting stressor is uncertainty about the future. To ameliorate the effects of stress, it is important to provide a nurturing and stable environment to these children.
ii. Poor Access to Education
There are several circumstances contributing to the lack of enrollment and the risk of additional students dropping out. For refugees that are located in rural areas outside of refugee camps, access to schools can be extremely limited. Since 2014, the United Nations has verified over 385 attacks on education facilities and military use of over 50 schools. Many refugees located in rural areas do not have a school located near them, therefore the children cannot make the journey because they do not have reliable means of transportation. In addition, when refugee children migrate to neighboring countries, they must learn a new curriculum. Oftentimes, the new curriculum is in a new language, so the refugees must learn this new language before they can continue their education. Many children also face discrimination and harassment from other students when enrolled in school.

Even within refugee camps, access to meaningful education still has its challenges. The deterioration of Syria's education system means that many children arrive at refugee camps already at a disadvantage. If there has been a disruption in their schooling, refugee children will have to catch up in their subjects while simultaneously adjusting to an entirely new cultural and social environment. In addition, the emotional trauma from their migration and the previous violence many children have witnessed affects their cognitive, emotional, and social development which will increase their academic challenges.
Mental Health Challenges i. Risks
Mental health problems not only affect the individual experiencing these challenges, but they affect society as a whole. Persisting mental health issues require more resources in school and during the transition to work and can hamper a society's recovery when conflict is at an end.
ii. Rehabilitation and Reintegration
Finally, there are individual-based interventions. These programs target individual children and their specific needs. These types of programs include school-based services and counseling programs that address learning and language needs. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), with its emphasis on mastering negative emotions, thoughts, and actions by addressing dysfunctional cognitions and behaviors, can be well suited to address fear, helplessness, and anxiety. As discussed above, many schools struggle to handle the capacity of adding more refugee programs. Supplying individual counseling is not feasible in most schools that accommodate refugees.
iii. Welcome Sesame Legal Challenges
providing international protection, under the auspices of the United Nations, to refugees who fall within the scope of the present Statute and of seeking permanent solutions for the problem of refugees by assisting governments and, subject to the approval of the governments concerned, private organizations to facilitate the voluntary repatriation of such refugees, or their assimilation within new national communities.

The UNHCR was initially launched with a budget of $300,000 budget in 1950, but now has an annual budget exceeding $7 billion, and operations in 134 countries.
Looking Ahead
There are several approaches that could alleviate the challenges experienced by refugee children. Better data collection could improve what we know about refugee children and the experiences they face. It is difficult to gather data in regions of conflict and instability, but improved collection and analysis would help to identify the areas most in need of extra resource allocation, and a better overall understanding of the issues facing refugee families and children. Organizations who collect data should focus on identifying who these children are, where they are travelling to and from, how old they are, and their overall well-being. In addition, there should be more consistent efforts to adopt techniques for determining the ages and origins of children who arrive without documentation. Technology can help with some of these challenges. Data can come from all types of sources, including cell phones, social media, and other relatively new technological developments. These sources can provide geo-spatial and temporal information about population movements in real time, facilitating timely and more relevant responses for people on the move.

The access to education in regions of conflict needs to be improved. Increased spending on education will have significant effects in the long run. One idea would be to increase the number of Syrian teachers in temporary education centers in their host country. Many host countries do not allow Syrian teachers to work, thus taking away a job from a professional and limiting a child's access to an educational environment that they are comfortable with. Another suggestion would be to introduce Syrian curriculum to schools in host countries. Many host countries implement their own curriculum in their own languages which drastically hinders the refugee children's ability to learn at the pace that they should be.

Non-formal education programs like the partnership between Sesame Workshop and the International Rescue Committee are effective ways to educate refugee children in more aspects than just traditional schooling. More resources should be allocated to initiatives that provide hybrid programs to educate and rehabilitate refugee children. Like with education, improving mental health programs will have significant effects in the long run. Improving the mental health of refugee children will allow them to remain in school and eventually retain jobs when they start to work, which in turn will speed up the region's recovery period when the conflict finally comes to an end.
Conclusion
The neurological, mental health, and legal barriers facing refugee children are detrimental not only to the individual children, but to present-day society and future societies. In addition, the well-being of refugee children affects more than just the regions affected by conflict; it has implications on a global scale. Many of these children will eventually settle permanently in a region and will have to work to support themselves and families of their own. Providing durable solutions to help rehabilitate and reintegrate these children are necessary to improving the chances of them living a better lifestyle and contributing to society in the long run. Improving the well-being of refugee children will take concerted efforts from governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and local communities. Developed countries have the ability to significantly contribute to various aspects of humanitarian aid, whether it be monetary contributions, conducting research and data analysis, or providing physical aid.

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Refugee Children: The Challenges They Face and the Efforts to Overcome Them

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In 2018, there were 25.9 million refugees globally- the highest number ever seen. Over half of these refuges are children. The refugee crisis is a global issue that affects more than any one country or region. However, two countries account for nearly half of the child refugees in the world: Syria and Afghanistan.