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The act of killing and consuming a conspecific in part or as a whole

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How is cannibalism beneficial in nature?

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How is cannibalism beneficial in nature?

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How has cannibalism impacted human history?

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How has cannibalism impacted human history?

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Cannibalism of offspring

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.068

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Eating of siblings

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.068

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Eating of sexual mates

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.068

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Killing of offspring; Useful for mothers in situations of partial or complete habitat destruction to eat their own offspring

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If resources are limited, nematodes have been known to come out of their eggs in the womb and eat their mothers from the inside out.

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In the mother's womb, sand tiger sharks cannibalize each other to determine who is born.

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Some tadpoles undergo morphological transformations after consuming conspecific tissue, exchanging their filter-feeding mouth parts for a keratinized beak and a modified digestive system

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Parents may feed the younger sibling(s) of their offspring to the older ones in times of limited resource

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Male praying mantis brains have been speculated to inhibit sexual arousal and therefore release of sperm, so in order to increase sperm yield females eat the heads of the male mantis.

Schutt, Bill. Cannibalism : A Perfectly Natural History.

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In some anisogamous species, they invest mass amounts of energy into the production of the gametes, so in times of limited resources, the female eats their sexual partner to ensure the survival of both herself and the offspring

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In the 16th and 17th centuries, cannibalism was prescribed medicinally as a form of treatment
https://exchanges.warwick.ac.uk/index.php/exchanges/article/view/456/498

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To compensate for the high demand for body parts to be used medicinally, execution rates increased to provide criminal body parts.

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The popularization of medicinal cannibalism may have increased organ trafficking occurrences as it is used for cannibalistic reasons besides the typical transplant reasons

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Diseased commonly caused by the consumption of cannibalized meats that deteriorates the brain, akin to Mad-Cow disease

https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease#:~:text=Creutzfeldt-Jakob%20disease%20(CJD),Severe%20mental%20deterioration%20and%20dementia

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Termite workers will eat diseased termites to prevent spread of said disease

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Although normally herbivores, they cannibalize each other if it is detected that one of them is infected with a parasite

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Cultural differences throughout history can alter the view of cannibalism, however for most cultures, cannibalism is condemned and depicted as "evil".

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In Greek mythology, Kronos was known to eat his children which resulted in him being killed by Zeus, negatively depicting cannibalism

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1993

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Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures

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Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures

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There are numerous stories of sacred ancestor beings that practiced cannibalism and invariably suffered for the practice, either by death or by being excluded from humanity.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1993

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"Therefore fathers shall eat their sons in your midst, and sons shall eat their fathers. And I will execute judgments on you, and any of you who survive I will scatter to all the winds."

King James, Ezekiel 5:10

This passage of the Bible directly outlines that God will punish you if cannibalism is committed.

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What are the human appeals to cannibalism today?

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What are the human appeals to cannibalism today?

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Tribes from Papa New Guinea and the Korowai Tribe notoriously have been known to cannibalize as a social and cultural ritual

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It has been theorized that eating placenta has beneficial effects for mothers due to its role in acquired passive immunity from mother to offspring. However, studies would suggest that it is not the case.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765311/

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Mathematical models have been made to represent how cannibalism can actually be used to limit disease spread
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/692734

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Although it is the common consensus that cannibalism can limit disease spread, there have been some studies done that contrast it with the addendum that populations that have more complex modes of spread can result in cannibalism increasing disease spread. The topic is very heavily debated on.
https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1890/15-0884.1

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A single replacement mutation on the M19V gene and heterozygous individuals for methionine/valine in codon 129 on the PNRP gene have been shown to have partial to full immunity to Kuru disease, a neurodegenerative disease that is associated with cannibalism.

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Cannibalism can be associated with the same addictive euphoria as drugs. It can begin as a fetish or fantasy until they have it for the first time which creates an immediate dopamine boost which creates addiction for the act.

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Romanticization of Cannibal Serial Killers

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Romanticization of Cannibal Serial Killers

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Fictional cannibals like Hannibal Lecter as well as real cannibals like Jeffery Dahmer are popularized and romanticized in the media which creates appeal for cannibalism in audiences.

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Cronus eating kid

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During high political tensions, ISIS decreed that organ harvesting and cannibalization was allowed for Muslims in need under Fatwa 68
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nancy-Scheper-Hughes/publication/314405563_Neo-Cannibalism_and_ISIS_Organs_and_Tissue_Trafficking_During_Times_of_Political_Conflict_and_War/links/599703e8458515df2a258423/Neo-Cannibalism-and-ISIS-Organs-and-Tissue-Trafficking-During-Times-of-Political-Conflict-and-War.pdf

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Chickens (albeit more often within domestic chickens in an industrial setting for eggs) are known to be omnivorous and resort to cannibalism if provoked

https://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/html/g1670/build/g1670.htm