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Health to me means having a strong and positive mindset, especially when I am challenged with stress or anxiety. Additionally, making sure my body systems are functioning normally and they are free from illness. I feel heathy when I set myself goals and I reach them, when I am kind to my family and friends, and when I am performing frequent exercise so my body remains healthy.

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Zillman, S. (2018). Specialist on-country healthcare improving outcomes  in remote Aboriginal communities. [Aboriginal women at a clinic]. https://www.abc.net.a

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The Australian language spoken is english. However, before the English settled in Australia in 1788, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander's were the original custodians of the land and spoke their own native language. Today, 3.8% of the Australian population identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Profile of first nations people, 2023). When Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders visit the healthcare system they should be provided with an interpreter to ensure they have an understanding about their own health and so they can make informed decisions on such.

Australian institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Profile of first nations people. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/profile-of-indigenous-australians

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2021 AFL Grand Final. (2021). [photo of crowd at AFL game]. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_AFL_Grand_Final

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Australian Rules Football (AFL) is a popular, nation-wide celebrated sport where in Melbourne it evolved by popularity in the 19th century (National Museum of Australia, 2023). This sport was originally inspired by the game marngrook which means 'game of ball', played by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, as well as inspired from football games played in England by school students (National Museum of Australia, 2023). AFL effectively promotes health as there are many juniors and adult football clubs available to join, and this causes members of the Australian community to come together to not only improve their physical health, but playing a sport can relieve people from stress and anxiety, and gives the opportunity to create healthy and positive relationships with others improving their individual wellbeing.

Crescent, L. (2023). National Museum of Australia. Australian rules football. National Museum of Australia. https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/australian-rules-football

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Clarke, R. (2023). Services Australia introduces new Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artworks. [Photo of Indigenous art]. NIT. https://nit.com.au/30-06-20

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Australia is typically known for dot, arc and circle paintings that originate from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. These paintings symbolise dreamtime stories which is a collection of stories that are based on the spiritual beliefs of Aboriginal people. Indigenous Art can strengthen communties and improve individual wellbeing as it is an expression of creativity, their feelings between their land and culture and this can create a strong sense of belonging in individuals and communties.

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Delicious Team. (2016). Americans have finally discovered fairy bread, and their reaction is hilarious. [photo of fairy bread]. https://www.delicious.com.au/foo

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One of the foods that I grew up with was fairy bread, and it is an iconic Australian food that is usually served at children's birthday parties. Although it does not fit into the Australian dietary guidelines, studies show that cooking can be a therapeutic tool that can improve one's mindset. Additionally, making this with children can educate them early on what is considered healthy and junk food.

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Smith, W. (2013). flag of Syria. [photo of Syria's flag]. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Syria

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The principle health issues that refugees may face

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The principle health issues that refugees may face

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I have chosen to focus on Syria as it has the largest refugee crisis recorded with 6.8 million Syrians trying to flee their country from an ongoing civil war (Syria refugee crisis explained, 2023). Syria now faces economic inequality, food insecurity, homelessness, infrastructure damage which are leaving millions of Syrians without homes (Syria refugee crisis explained, 2023). Between 2021 and 2022, Australia granted 5,947 refugees with humanitarian visas, and a portion of these people came from Syria (Refugee and asylum seeker facts, 2023). However, there are many health concerns that these people will encounter when they are trying to come into Australia, and these include mental health issues, sexually transmitted infections (STI's), and iron deficiency.

Refugees can suffer from severe mental health issues depending on what they have seen in their experiences in their own country and whilst trying to enter Australia, the trauma they have faced especially through family separation and conflict (Mental health, 2023). Mental health issues can be treated in many ways depending on the person and the severity of their problems but it is useful to educate refugees on mental health symptoms, if they have a better understanding and these symptoms are normalised, they may seek help on their own or be less reluctant to ask for help (Mental health, 2023).

STI's are transmissible infections that are passed on from one person to another through sexual contact via oral, vaginal or anal. To treat STI's, refugees should be educated on contraceptive alternatives to limit the spread (Sexually transmissible infections (STIs), 2023).

Iron deficiency is where the body lacks the sufficient amount of iron required in the body and this can cause exhaustion and dizziness. To treat this, dietary advice should be given such as to eat meat on a regular basis (Anaemia, iron deficiency, and other blood conditions, 2023).

Refugee and asylum Seeker facts. Australian Red Cross. (2023). https://www.redcross.org.au/act/help-refugees/refugee-facts/

Syria refugee crisis explained. (2023). The Un Refugee Agency. https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/#WheredoSyrianrefugeeslive?DoallSyrianrefugeesliveinrefugeecamps?

Quick navigation. Australian Refugee Health Quick Navigation Comments. (2023). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

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ANCAZ day. (2009). [photo of a dawn service at kings park]. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzac_Day

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ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and it is a tradition that all Australians follow to commemorate all the Australian soldiers that died fighting in military operations (Anzac day, n.d.). Anzac day falls on the 25th of April and every year, a dawn service ceremony is held at war memorials at 4:30am, as this was the time where the ANZAC soldiers arrived on Gallipoli beach (Anzac day, n.d.).

This significant Australian tradition show that Australian communities are able to come together collectively as one to commemorate, share stories, learn, and feel as if they are apart of something special. This can improve individual health because ANZAC day is an emotionally sensitive day for some, so being alongside people, especially your community can improve health and wellbeing.

Anzac Day. (n.d.). Anzac Day | Australian Army. https://www.army.gov.au/about-us/history-and-research/traditions/anzac-day

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Culturally Responsive ClinicalPractice: Working with Peoplefrom Migrant and RefugeeBackgrounds. (2019). [photo of practice point 7]. https://moodleprod.murdoch.

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For me, I most resonated with practice point 7: Clinicians speak clearly, use plain English and explain complex concepts and terminology to enhance the person's understanding. I feel that I am a patient person, and I think I would not struggle to practice this point in my future nursing practices. This is because I have learned that it might be difficult for me as a future nurse to communicate with my patient from another culture, but I know it is harder for them who live in different environments and speak a different language to then leave that environment to come to an uncomfortable setting.

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Impact of social determinants on refugees in Australia

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Impact of social determinants on refugees in Australia

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Social determinants that affect refugees in Australia

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The combination of Sandpaper Fig (Ficus opposita) and the Stinking Passion Flower (Passiflora foetida) are used in communities in the northern coastal region of Australia to treat certain health conditions such as relieving itching (Top 10 aboriginal Bush medicines, 2023). Additionally, milky sap combined with sandpaper fig can be used to treat skin infections like ringworm (Top 10 aboriginal Bush medicines, 2023).

Top 10 aboriginal Bush medicines. (2023). Australian Geographic. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2011/02/top-10-aboriginal-bush-medicines/