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This case study is on the connection between allergies and asthma. It also talks about the triggers, where it is most and least prevalent, advancements, and inventions.

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There are many triggers for asthma and asthma attacks. The CDC website shows these as other triggers:” Sinus infections, allergies, pollen, breathing in some chemicals, and acid reflux can also trigger; some medicines; bad weather, such as thunderstorms or high humidity; breathing in cold, dry air; and some foods, food additives, and fragrances, strong emotions can lead to very fast breathing, called hyperventilation, that can also cause an asthma attack.” {CDC,2020) Asthma is also triggered by lots of common allergens.

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About 20% of the U.S. population is plagued by an allergic disorder, such as allergic asthma or hay fever. A predisposition toward these disorders appears to be inherited. In allergic reactions hypersensitivity results in the manufacture of antibodies against mild antigens, called allergens, which normally do not stimulate an immune response. Common environmental agents, such as pollen, house-dust mites, roach feces, and pet dander, can trigger allergic reactions in some individuals. In many kinds of allergic reactions, distinctive IgE immunoglobulins are produced."(Martin,Solomon,Martin,&Berg,2019)

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In the beginning of the 1900’s there was not as much smog and pollution. In the early part of the century vehicles were a rarity. Without all the gas and emissions polluting the air. No additives or pesticides were used on food to contaminate our bodies. So, a lot less allergens were in our bodies making us sick, causing asthma and allergy triggers.

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“Physicians started to prescribe aminophylline suppositories and tablets, and adrenaline injections for asthma in the 1940s and 1950s.” (Patel, Pharm., Thomas,2019)

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.  Peak flow meters were invented in the 1960’s and 70’s. Which is an affordable way to measure the flow of air from your lungs. Before these doctors had a much harder time knowing how much air flow of air coming from your lungs.

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” In countries with a high prevalence of allergic disease, up to 40% of the population are sensitized to common environmental allergens such as grass and tree pollen, dust mite excreta and animal materials, the highest prevalence of sensitization being found in those countries with the greatest incidence of allergic disease.” (J R Soc Med,2004)

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Asthma is least prevalent in China, Vietnam, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. I hypothesis that this is so because there is not as much obesity, pollution, and lifestyle. “The lowest rates were observed in Vietnam (1.0%), Bosnia-Herzegovina (1.4%), and China (1.4%).” (BMC Public Health,2012)

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New findings is that it is wildly prevalent in English speaking countries

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Epidemiology is the method for finding the why and the result in a certain population. “, Epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global).” (Principles of Epidemiology,2006)

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Researchers use epidemiology to study disease like asthma to find out regions most impacted, the ages hit the hardest, and to the type of asthma the person has. They can see from this research that certain types like allergy induced asthma is more prevalent in areas with a lot of food allergies and seasonal allergy areas.

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They can determine that England, Finland, Australia, and Sweden are particularly hit the hardest with asthma. There are also many people with asthma in the United Stated. The 2016 numbers showed 8.4% in the United States as opposed to 4.3% of people worldwide. That is a huge increase in asthma than worldwide. They believe children have much higher numbers than the adult population. It is also higher in certain ethnic groups than others. People with ear, nose, throat illnesses tend to have it more and the obese have a higher chance of asthma. Lower income groups and poverty-stricken group it is particularly high in, sometimes due to inadequate health care. With epidemiologist leading the charger to help find the cause and cure for this problem.

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The CDC website on asthma has many great resources to help everyone in need such as the following:

State, Territorial and City Asthma Contacts and Programs

CCARE: Controlling Childhood Asthma and Reducing Emergencies

EXHALE technical package: strategies to improve asthma control and reduce health care costs.

Moving the Needle on Asthma Control: Examining Content, Promising Practices, and Innovation

CDC’s National Asthma Control Program: Twenty Years of America Breathing Easier

An Investment in America’s Health: CDC’s National Asthma Control Program

Just to name a few ways they help.  It has helped with making things better for asthma control and care. They want to do following things:” The program’s goals include reducing the number of deaths, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, school days or workdays missed, and limitations on activity due to asthma.” (CDC,2020) With their programs they can save countless lives and improve day quality of lives for asthma suffers I will continue to check but at the time of this paper the CDC website was not letting me see the information for my state. . I hope this report helped with the better understand of asthma.

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The relationship between Asthma and Allergies are few but a lot of times the two things get confused. Dr. Wendy McConnell said that: “There is a unified airway theory that our upper airway (nose, sinuses and larynx) and lower airway (trachea and lungs) are connected.” (Integris Health,2019)          Which means often when people get allergies it often leads to asthmatic problems. Because it goes from our sinus passages to our lungs. There is also the connection with food allergies and asthmatic reactions. Allergies such as cockroaches, pollen, molds, pet dander, dust mites, and rodents can all cause an asthmatic reaction. Allergic Asthma is normally brought on by inhaling allergens such as pollen or dust.  Common symptoms are wheezing, coughing, and trouble breathing. Treatment such as cortisone inhalers, immunotherapy, oral cortisone, and long-acting inhalers can all help but there is no cure. Asthma and Allergies have a very close relationship but asthma effects the lower passages (lungs and bronchial) and allergies effect the upper (nose and sinus).

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I learned a lot on this case study. My daughter and I have serve allergies and my son has asthma. I was able to learn more about triggers and ways to help. I was also able to learn more resources to help through the CDC website. Hope you enjoy my presentation.

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Integris; McConnell, W. (2019, April 15). The Relationship Between Allergies and Asthma. Integris. https://integrisok.com/resources/on-your-health/2019/april/the-relationship-between-allergies-and-asthma.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, August 21). Common Asthma Triggers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/triggers.html#.

Patel, H. H., &amp; Pharm., M. (2019, February 26). Asthma History. News. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Asthma-History.aspx.

Holgate, S. T. (2004, March). The epidemic of asthma and allergy. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079317/.

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2012, March 19). Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC public health. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22429515/.

Dicker, R. C. (2012, May 18). Principles of Epidemiology: Home Self-Study Course SS1978|CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/index.html.

Sources:

http://www.pitt.edu/~lrest3/asthma.html#Epidemiology

http://www.pitt.edu/~lrest3/asthma.html#Epidemiology
Solomon, E. P., Martin, C. E., Martin, D. W., & Berg, L. R. (2019). Biology (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, Inc