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a. You are concerned about your students' attitudes toward English and toward language learning. You try to promote positive attitudes toward learning English. You wish to find out what your students' attitudes are and whether they change throughout the duration of a language course.

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a. Which of the procedures discussed in that activity would be most appropriate for gathering information about the situation selected: teaching journal, lesson reports, surveys and questionnaires, audio and video recording, or observation? 

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a. Which of the procedures discussed in that activity would be most appropriate for gathering information about the situation selected: teaching journal, lesson reports, surveys and questionnaires, audio and video recording, or observation? 

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Taking as a reference the aforementioned situation, it is understood that it is of great importance to carry out the appropriate procedure to measure the attitudes of students towards English, through carrying out a survey or administering a questionnaire. This procedure makes it possible to collect, in a fairly acceptable way, pertinent information on how to analyze students' attitudes towards English, both from the point of view of reliability and from the point of view of validity, and enable a teacher to collect a large amount of information relatively quickly. It is considered that the instrument developed will be useful to know the attitudinal profile of the students both at the beginning of their training and at different strategic moments of it. This makes it easier for the teacher to design strategies aimed at improving and promoting positive attitudes in students towards English.

Likewise, with the questionnaire, it is possible to know the initial profile of the students in the class and will allow the teacher to identify the attitudes acquired through learning as the basis of their training in those that require further analysis to take it into account in the planning of the class, since, if the student's attitudes towards learning a language are positive, they are also towards the culture of the language they wish to learn. This questionnaire procedure includes some steps, first the identification of the dimensions to be assessed and the elaboration of the questionnaire indicators; the second refers to the validation of the instrument through the judgment of experts and the pilot test, and the third consists of the application of the already validated questionnaire, the corresponding statistical analysis and the definition of the profiles. Surveys and questionnaires are useful ways of gathering information about affective dimensions of teaching and learning.

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b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected? 

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b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected? 

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These are the advantages of questionnaires and surveys:

Ease of application.

Reliable results.

Short-term interpretation.

These are projective. The analysis and interpretation of the data serve to define strategies to apply.

These are practices.

These are the disadvantages of questionnaires and surveys

The disposition.

Honesty.

Difficulty understanding a question.

Any important question that may provide relevant information can be omitted or excepted.

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c. You are concerned about one of your students who always avoids sitting near the front of the class. This student seems to be paying attention, but rarely participates actively in lessons. You are not sure why. Since you have a large class, it is difficult for you to monitor individual students. You want to find out what this student's attitude is toward the class.

Bearing in mind that in this situation we seek to know the reason for the student's attitude and his real perception about what it means for him to be in this class. The teacher can make use of different tools that act flexibly to better reach the student. One of them may be the implementation of a diary. The teacher can stipulate within his class that each student has a field diary, class or whatever he wishes to call it, he can do it in a very creative way to attract more the attention of his students and motivate them to write their experiences within the class, the way you feel and even make evaluations related to activities that significantly mark your experience in class.
Although reading refers to this diary as a help mechanism for the teacher, I think it can be very helpful to know the opinion of the students so that they are not pressured, but rather that they feel free to express themselves about it. Their perceptions of the class. So affirms it Richards & Lockhart(1994).

The writing process itself helps build knowledge about teaching. Writing in this sense serves as a process of discovery. Many different topics from classroom experiences can be explored through journal writing, for example:

Personal reactions to things that happen in the classroom or at school.
The teacher can help the student directing their reflection with questions and can review the diaries at the end of each week to know the progress they are making. Therefore, if we refer to the situation, it is important to highlight that the teacher will have greater ease in knowing the tastes and feelings of the student in question and it is very likely that he will find the causes related to his attitude with the help of the same, already having this opportunity to interacting with the student indirectly, the teacher will be able to make use of the pertinent resources to address the problem presented.

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When referring to the behavioral schemes of a student towards the reception of new knowledge, the various elements that may be implicit within this knowledge and the way in which they are transmitted must be taken into account. Important aspects such as didactic strategies, innovations, the type of material used, dynamism, among others, are essential to successfully reach the interest of students, but above all to reach the goal that is required in terms of acquisition of new learnings.

Students can adopt different positions within a class, depending on this the teacher will be able to know the level of acceptance that this for them achieving so that on many occasions the teacher questions about their work in class, but at the same time turning it into a Strategic researcher who will seek the tools to respond in a pertinent way to these attitudes and thus achieve the realization of changes that allow him to improve his teaching practice and reach those students who in one way or another show apathy towards their classes. This will be able to make use of infinities of resources such as observation, journal writing, etc. And implement the one that is most convenient according to the needs of each student. It should be noted that the student must work in a subtle and ingenious way to achieve a sincere response from the student and achieve improvements.

But ... in what way can the teacher find out what his opinion of the student of the work done within the class? What mechanism can he use to get the opinion of his students without them feeling scared or threatened to do so? This section will allow you to know a little about this mechanism and how it can be used to achieve the desired objective and thus provide a solution to the problem presented.

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d. You have been teaching English to elementary students for several years, and colleagues point out that you have developed a special kind of "teacher's English." You want to investigate whether this is true, what these features are, and whether it helps or hinders your teaching.

2. Answer the questions:

a. Which of the procedures discussed in that activity would be most appropriate for gathering information about the situation selected: teaching journal, lesson reports, surveys and questionnaires, audio and video recording, or observation?

R: Since my colleagues point out to a certain type of teaching which I have developed even though, I may not be aware of it, I think that it would be suitable to record in audio and video some on my lessons in the classroom. Other procedures would not be very exact to confirm if what they say is true or not. Like the article says, the fullest account of a lesson is obtained from an actual recording of it, in video and audio.
b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected? Which of the issues in question 1 would be suitable for action research?

R/Advantages:

-          It Allows choice of focus, it could be the teacher or a particular group of students. A mic. Or a camera could be installed in a strategic place in the classroom to record all the information needed to be analyzed.

-          The recording can be replayed and examined as many times as we wish, and so we can capture many details of the lesson and information which would not be easily observed by other means.

-          Audiovisual recordings are useful in the development of a lecturer’s self-reflective competence. All this information can be used in time, after many years.

Disadvantages:

-          The presence of a recording device may be disruptive, and some have limitations in range.

-          Reviewing a recording is time consuming.

-          This action requires a lot of time, because of that can never become an activity continued a day-to-day basis. (Schratz, 1992:89)

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Which of the issues in question 1 would be suitable for action research?

R/ Issue (e) would be suitable for action research because it would allow the teacher to identify a problem, in this case it is the difficulty students may have in developing their writing skills. Action research allows the teacher to observe and analyze, later he acts. So teachers can develop a deeper understanding of many issues inside their classrooms.

task 3
Introduction:
Issue: Students usually come unprepared to the class, most of them do not do the prereading of the topic, or text they were supposed to do. This makes the class a little difficult and takes a lot time. Because of that the teacher have decided to look for practical solutions to this situation, so he can help other teachers that go through a similar situation.

Is it for the teacher’s own interest?

Initially it is an individual interest in the teacher, but also it becomes a collective situation because the teacher wants to work out something that is happening in his or her class. it should be also for the students’ interest because this activity at home or out of class will help them advance before coming to the classroom and so they would take advantage of time to learn more and not to invest the time trying to understand the texts the had to read at home.

It is a common problem at school because students focused in other interests, like video games, cell phones that capture their attention and make them oblivious of their school duties.

It would be interesting to write an article about to help other students that go through this solve the problem in the right way, because some teachers do not know how to work this out.

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TASK 1.
b. You are very conscientious about planning your lessons, but somehow they never seem to go according to plan. You rarely have time to get through all the material that you had planned. You want to find out why this is happening.

TASK 2.
a. Which of the procedures discussed in that activity would be most appropriate for gathering information about the situation selected: teaching journal, lesson reports, surveys and questionnaires, audio and video recording, or observation?
For a meticulous teacher, it can be really frustrating to fail applying and covering their lesson planning. There are many reasons why a planning can go wrong or at least, not as expected. These experiences can be seen as an opportunity for critical reflection to take place.
Sadly, teachers rarely have time to double check and analyze their classes outcome, which can help to develop a deeper understanding of teaching. Therefore, there is a constant need to make the best out of that disposed reduced time.
It is imperative to classify the different approaches to classroom investigation in teaching, due to the possibilities that it can give us to collect both self and peer feedbacks.

Self-assessment.
Teaching Journal,
Written or recorded accounts of teaching experiences.
Lesson Reports,
Written accounts of lessons which describe the main features of the lessons.

Peer-assessment.
Surveys and Questionnaires,
Activities such as administering a questionnaire or completing a survey, designed to collect information on a particular aspect of teaching or learning.
Observation,
Tasks completed by a student teacher observing a cooperating teacher's class, or peer observation (i.e., tasks completed by a teacher visiting a colleague's class).

Self-assessment and Peer-assessment.
Audio and Video Recording,
Recordings of a lesson, or part of a lesson.

Even though all of these options invite us to review what went wrong and why this is happening, depending on the needs, time is always an element that is going to be required to successfully reflect and develop strategies for planning intervention or change.
For the faced scenario, and having had the need to maneuver online teaching, both a recorded Teaching Journal for self-assessment and a Video Recording for peer-assessment would be my way to go. I would be able to access both my summarized findings and a coworker’s perspective.
I believe that through implementing planning and teaching systematization, this issue can be addressed and effectively improved.
Imagine that as a requirement, all teachers are asked to collect evidences of their students’ performances. While doing this, they would have a space to discuss and exchange points of view based on their experiences in class, by applying a lesson. Both self and peer feedbacks would be given and this exchange could result in replacing ineffective planning or boosting the fruitful ones.

b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected? Which of the issues in question 1 would be suitable for action research?
Teaching Journal for self-assessment and a Video Recording for peer-assessment.

Advantages:

By listening to myself, I can reflect on the overview of my teaching goals and the vehicle that I’m using to reach them. The data that I would be able to collect could be influenced by the questions: Should I teach differently? Would I do anything differently if I taught the lesson again? By doing so, I feel it can help me what was effective and why.

By listening to a peer’s perspective, 2 things could happen:
1. I could realize that there are other effective ways to carry out the lesson.
2. I could restate that what I have done is meaningful and more ways to boost it.
When you find common ground on what the most and least effective parts of the lesson were, our perception on how to approach these lesson will have a positive impact in learners input and output. It would be a difference maker.

Disadvantages:

If teacher workshops are not a part of the school’s tasks, then it would take some of the teacher’s available time to meet up with their peers and exchange thoughts.

Regarding action research, it would tick all the boxes.
Even though the time issues remain, by following and adapting a: planning, action, observation and reflection sequence can be achieved through the application of the past mentioned approaches.
A couple of teachers can agree on a project. Voice record their summarized findings. Share a video recorded lesson seeking to get peer feedback and exchange points of view for closure.

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A good teacher cares about his students. Therefore, given the conditions we are currently facing due to the coronavirus, many of the teachers are concerned that students are not learning enough English from home. This is an issue that is within the teacher's own interests and although teachers' concerns about English can sometimes represent stereotypical impressions, this concern expresses reality. This problem is not exactly to be solved in school so it is also not a common theme that was suggested earlier to redirect. It is an ideal topic to stay in tune with the challenges facing education and surely to be presented and discussed by leaders in a seminar or on a blog, so a great teacher makes sure those concerns are well focused.

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b1. Which of the issues in questions 1 would be suitable for action research? 

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b1. Which of the issues in questions 1 would be suitable for action research? 

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The situation of the letter (d) is appropriate to use a classroom investigation by the teacher to increase understanding of a topic linked to classroom teaching and learning, and thus achieve changes in teacher practice if it requires it. In this procedure, the researcher (teacher) essentially acts as an organizer of the discussions, as a facilitator of the process, as a catalyst for problems and conflicts, and, in general, as a technician and resource available to be consulted. Finally, with this procedure, theoretical advances and social changes, practical and theoretical knowledge can be achieved simultaneously.