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Clothing
Shopping

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Demonstrative adjectives

The future tense

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The future tense is different! Don't drop the -ar, -er or -ir.

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FUTURE TENSE: How to conjugate verbs in Spanish

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Future Tense: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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"this" & "these" have "t" (este, esta, estos, estas)
"that" & "those" don't (ese, esa, esos, esas)
& for "far away" use an "a" (aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas)

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Spanish Lesson 53 - DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES in Spanish Este Esta Ese Aquel This That These Those

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Adverbs - examples:
a menudo: often

a veces: sometimes
antes: before
bastante: quite
cada día: each day
cada noche: every night

Furniture vocabulary

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The present perfect (regular & irregular)

Informal commands

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle.

I have studied.
He has written a letter to María.
We have been stranded for six days.

Because the present perfect is a compound tense, two verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb.

I have studied.
(main verb: studied ; auxiliary verb: have)

He has written a letter to María.
(main verb: written ; auxiliary verb: has)

We have been stranded for six days.
(main verb: been ; auxiliary verb: have)

In Spanish, the present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows:

You have already learned in a previous lesson that the past participle is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding either -ado or -ido. Remember, some past participles are irregular. The following examples all use the past participle for the verb "comer."
For a review of the formation of the past participle [click here].
When you studied the past participle, you practiced using it as an adjective. When used as an adjective, the past participle changes to agree with the noun it modifies. However, when used in the perfect tenses, the past participle never changes.

Past participle used as an adjective:
La cuenta está pagada.
The bill is paid.

Past participle used in the present perfect tense:
He pagado la cuenta.
I have paid the bill.

Here's a couple of more examples:

Past participle used as an adjective:
Las cuentas están pagadas.
The bills are paid.

Past participle used in the present perfect tense:
Juan ha pagado las cuentas.
Juan has paid the bills.

Note that when used to form the present perfect tense, only the base form (pagado) is used.

Let's look more carefully at the last example:

Notice that we use "ha" to agree with "Juan". We do NOT use "han" to agree with "cuentas." The auxiliary verb is conjugated for the subject of the sentence, not the object. Compare these two examples:

In the first example, we use "ha" because the subject of the sentence is "Juan." In the second example, we use "han" because the subject of the sentence is "Juan y María."

The present perfect tense is frequently used for past actions that continue into the present, or continue to affect the present.

He estado dos semanas en Madrid.
I have been in Madrid for two weeks.

Diego ha sido mi amigo por veinte años.
Diego has been my friend for 20 years.

The present perfect tense is often used with the adverb "ya".

Ya han comido.
They have already eaten.

La empleada ya ha limpiado la casa.
The maid has already cleaned the house.

The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber.

Again, the auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb.

To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the indirect object pronoun (le).

With reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is placed immediatedly before the auxiliary verb. Compare how the present perfect differs from the simple present, when a reflexive verb is used.

To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the reflexive pronoun (me).

For a review of reflexive verbs click [here] and [here].
Questions are formed as follows. Note how the word order is different than the English equivalent.

¿Han salido ya las mujeres?
Have the women left yet?

¿Has probado el chocolate alguna vez?
Have you ever tried chocolate?

Here are the same sentences in negative form. Notice how the auxiliary verb and the past participle are not separated.

Let's add another verb flashcard for the present perfect tense:

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle. I have studied. He has written a letter to María. We have been stranded for six days.

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Present Perfect: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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pg. 2 places in town & home vocabulary

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Formal Commands

Ud. (Usted)

Uds. (Ustedes)

Impersonal and Passive "se"

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.

By now, you are well acquainted with the fact that Spanish has both a formal and an informal style of speech (tú / Ud.). This distinction applies to commands.

Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, relatives, or when addressing a child. Formal speech is generally used to be polite or to express respect. For that reason, the formal commands are often referred to as polite commands.

The formal commands are formed the same way as the present subjunctive:

1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative.

2. Then drop the -o ending.

3. Finally, add the following endings:

-ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)

-er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

The following examples of formal commands use three regular verbs: hablar, comer, and escribir.

Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form is irregular, that irregularity is carried over into the formation of the formal command.

Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo)

Have a good trip.

Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo)

Bring the money.

Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo)

Come with me.

This also applies to stem-changing verbs.

Cuente Ud. sus beneficios. (yo cuento)

Count your blessings.

Vuelvan Uds. pronto. (yo vuelvo)

Return quickly.

Pida dinero. (yo pido)

Ask for money.

As with the present subjunctive, the following verbs are irregular:

Note that affirmative and negative commands use the same verb forms.

Also note that the subject pronouns Ud. and Uds. may or may not be used. Using them adds a degree of formality or politeness to the command.

Let's add two flashcards for the formal commands:

Irregular Formal Commands (Imperative)
Same irregulars as the present subjunctive forms

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb. By now, you are well acquainted with the fact that Spanish has both a formal and an informal style of speech (tú / Ud.).

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Formal Commands: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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Key terms
Reflexive Verbs List
Expressions to talk about illnesses

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Reflexive verbs

Possessive adjectives

"de" to show possession

Definite article review

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Written review:

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same.

Another way to think of it is when the subject is doing something to itself, it is reflexive. When the subject is doing something to someone or something else, it is not reflexive.

In English we make verbs reflexive by adding the word "himself", "myself", "yourself" and so on to the sentence. In Spanish, it's done by using what is called a reflexive verb.

When a reflexive verb is used in Spanish, it is already understood that the action of the verb is being performed on the subject.

Let's look at some examples of reflexive verbs in English to understand the concept, then we'll start working with Spanish.

Since the subject and object are the same, the verb is reflexive. Since the subject and object are different, the verb is not reflexive.

Here's another example of how a verb can be either reflexive or non-reflexive.

I scratch myself.
subject: I
verb: scratch
object: myself
Since the subject and object are the same, the verb is reflexive.
I scratch the dog.
subject: I
verb: scratch
object: dog
Since the subject and object are different, the verb is not reflexive.

When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."

There is one reflexive verb you have been using since you began studying Spanish.

llamarse - to call oneself

¿Cómo se llama usted?
What do you call yourself?

Me llamo Juan.
I call myself Juan.

Note: A more "natural" translation would be "What is your name?" and "My name is Juan."

When you learned to conjugate regular verbs, you needed to learn a set of pronouns called "subject pronouns."

To learn to conjugate reflexive verbs, you need to learn a different set of pronouns called "reflexive pronouns." These pronouns are positioned before the verb, while the ending "se" is dropped and the verb is conjugated normally.

lavarse
tú te lavas
you wash (yourself) (informal)

él se lava
he washes (himself)

ella se lava
she washes (herself)

usted se lava
you wash (yourself) (formal)

nosotros nos lavamos
we wash (ourselves)

nosotras nos lavamos
we wash (ourselves) (feminine)

vosotros os laváis
you-all wash (yourselves) (informal)

vosotras os laváis
you-all wash (yourselves) (informal, feminine)

ustedes se lavan
you-all wash (yourselves)(formal)

ellos se lavan
they wash (themselves)

ellas se lavan
they wash (themselves) (feminine)

The reflexive pronouns are not subject pronouns; rather they are object pronouns.

The purpose of the reflexive object pronouns is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject.

Juan se lava la cara.
Juan washes his face. (reflexive)

Juan lava su carro. (non-reflexive)
Juan washes his car.

Note: When referring to body parts, use the definite article, thus "la cara" not "su cara."

Note that many, many verbs can be made reflexive. All it means when a verb is reflexive is that the action remains with the subject.

wash the dog (non-reflexive)
wash your face (reflexive)

raise the book (non-reflexive)
raise yourself (reflexive)

put the baby to bed (non-reflexive)
go to bed (reflexive)

wake up your son (non-reflexive)
wake up yourself (reflexive)

...and so on

Some Common Reflexive Verbs

Examples of some common reflexive Spanish verbs are below. Click on them to view their correct conjugation using our verb conjugation tool.

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same. Another way to think of it is when the subject is doing something to itself, it is reflexive.

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Reflexive Verbs Part I: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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Sports
Body parts

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Leisure, Modes of transportation, Instruments, colors
Expressions with "tener"

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Buen, Bien, Bueno

Grande/Largo

Telling Time/

Expressing needs

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These two words are often confused in Spanish, as their equivalents are in English. "Bueno" (and its forms) = good - an adjective, and "bien"* = well- an adverb. Bueno will describe nouns, and bien modifies verbs, adverbs or adjectives. Be careful to use them correctly. This activity should help you master the difference, and incorporate what you practice in what you produce. For this activity, write the correct form of "bueno" or "bien" that correctly completes the sentence. Remember that "bueno" shorttens to "buen" before (and only before) a masculine singular noun.

*BIEN can also translate to "pretty" before an adjective, as in my house is "pretty" old.

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These two words are often confused in Spanish, as their equivalents are in English. "Bueno" (and its forms) = good - an adjective, and "bien"* = well- an adverb. Bueno will describe nouns, and bien modifies verbs, adverbs or adjectives. Be careful to use them correctly.

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Telling Time: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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The verbs necesitar and querer

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Practica con los formas de los verbos querer & necesitar

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You an type reflexive verb conjugations

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Present Tense (reflexive verbs) || Conjuguemos

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Practice your Spanish verb conjugations for the Present Tense (reflexive verbs) with graded drill activities and fun multi-player games.

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Possessive Adjectives: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Free quiz to test yourself on the use of the possessive adjectives in Spanish, choosing the correct translation to given phrases.

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Review

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Which noun? That one!

A definite article is a part of speech which shows whether the noun being described is a defined, specific object or a non-specific (arbitrary/random) one (a.k.a. its definiteness). In English "the" is the definite article, which is used to refer to a specific noun, while "a/an" is the indefinite article, used when referring to an unspecified noun.

Can you hand me the shirt I picked out yesterday? ( the specific shirt)

Can you hand me a shirt? (any one will do)

In Spanish, the definite article needs to be adjusted depending on the gender and number of the noun. All Spanish nouns have an arbitrary gender of masculine or feminine. Therefore, there are masculine articles in both definite and indefinite, and feminine articles for both definite and indefinite cases.

Note: Careful not to confuse the definite article el with the pronoun él (he).

When to use the definite article

The definite article is used more often in Spanish than in English. For example, the definite article is required when talking about:

1. Days of the week

2. Generalized categories and abstract nouns

3. With people's titles (such as professions)

4. When naming languages

5. With parts of the body

6. With articles of clothing

7. When telling time

1. Days of the week

All of the days of the week are masculine, meaning you'll use el when talking about a specific day, or the plural article los when talking about what generally happens on that day of the week. Articles are not required when talking about the months of the year ( Voy a Perú en febrero).

Use the plural article to talk about habitual actions.

2. Generalized categories and abstract nouns

When discussing groups or categories of nouns, such as your likes and dislikes, you should use a definite article.

Me gusta la cerveza, pero odio el vino.
I like beer, but I hate wine.

This is also the case for general concepts or ideas (related to the abstract nouns above).

3. With people's titles (such as professions)

When talking about someone in the third person (not addressing them directly), use the definite article before their title.

4. When naming languages

Use a definite article when discussing languages as abstract entities, such as discussing "the English language" or "the role of Chinese" as a language in general, but not when it's the object of a verb (like hablar or aprender) or when it's preceded by en. Articles are not required when referring to the name of a country ( Vivo en Mexico / Vivo en el Mexico). Also note that the name of the language shouldn't be capitalized.

5. With parts of the body

In Spanish, rather than using the possessive pronoun (" my leg"), you refer to body parts with the definite article (" the leg").

6. With articles of clothing

Just like parts of the body, use the definite article when you would use a possessive pronoun in English for articles of clothing.

7. When telling time

Use the feminine definite article before the hour you're referring to. For all hours except "one" (because it's singular), use the plural article las. Note that you'll also need to change the verb to be singular (for example, from son to es).

A few other tips...

You're almost ready to start using definite articles to correctly specify a noun, but there are a few more situations you'll encounter that may leave you scratching your head. Notice anything funny about the articles in the following examples?

Derramé el agua sucia.
I poured out the dirty water.

Lo interesante de eso es que ni siquiera leyó el libro.
The interesting thing about it is that he never even read the book.

No voy al concierto.
I'm not going to the concert.

Before (some) nouns that start with "A"

Certain nouns that begin with "A" are pronounced with a "tonic" or stressed "A" sound. When these nouns are feminine, it's too difficult to pronounce two of these "A" sounds in a row. In these cases, el is used for the singular, but las is used for the plural.

As the noun remains feminine, adjectives, etc. still need to be adjusted to match, as sucio ("dirty") has been changed to sucia in the example from above.

I poured out the dirty water.

Note that even if another word occurs in between the two "A" sounds, the singular version still uses the masculine article, just to keep things consistent.

Lo: Neuter Article for non-specific nouns

When using an adjective (such as "important" or "interesting") to form an abstract noun without a specified gender ("the important thing" or "that which is interesting"), the "neuter" article is used because it also doesn't specify a certain gender.

fácil es encontrar los ingredientes, lo difícil es cocinar la receta.
The easy thing is finding the ingredients; the hard thing is cooking the recipe.

Combining el and la with prepositions

When the definite article el occurs after the preposition a ("to") or de ("of"), it is transformed to enable easier pronunciation.

de + el parque = del parque
Está regresando del parque.
He is returning from the park.

Since pronunciation is not affected by the combination of la or the plural los and las with these prepositions, they remain as two separate words.

Now that you've learned a few new versions (masculine, feminine, plural) of the definite article and a few new situations which require the use of the definite article, you're ready to specify when you're referring to a specific noun (rather than a random one with the indefinite article).

Getting used to including the definite article in the situations mentioned above will take lots of practice, an important part of which is being exposed to lots of examples in the Spanish language, allowing your brain to soak up all of the appropriate usages. Check out Lingvist's Spanish course to see definite articles in action and quiz yourself on which articles go where!

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"The" Definite Articles of Spanish | Lingvist

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Which noun? That one! A definite article is a part of speech which shows whether the noun being described is a defined, specific object or a non-specific (arbitrary/random) one (a.k.a. its definiteness). In English "the" is the definite article, which is used to refer to a specific noun, while "a/an" is the indefinite article, used when referring to an unspecified noun.

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

In the previous lesson, you learned that commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.

Compra (tú) el anillo.
(You) Buy the ring.

Escribe (tú) la tarea.
(You) Do the homework.

Compra (tú) los libros.
(You) Buy the books.

Come (tú) la patata.
(You) Eat the potato.

Remember that Spanish has both a formal and an informal style of speech (tú/Ud.). This distinction applies to commands.

Compre Ud. el anillo.
Buy the ring. (formal)

Compra (tú) los dulces.
Buy the candy. (familiar)

Remember, formal speech is generally used to be polite or to express respect. Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, relatives, or when addressing a child.

The affirmative informal (tú) commands are formed the same way as the present indicative Ud. form:

Be sure to note that the "tú" commands use the usted form, not the tú form!

The following examples of commands use three regular verbs: hablar, comer, and escribir.

Habla (tú) más lentamente.
(You) Speak more slowly.

Come (tú) la cena.
(You) Eat the dinner.

Escribe (tú) la carta.
(You) Write the letter.

Note that the negative informal commands use the tú form of the present subjunctive.

No cuentes tus beneficios.
Don't count your blessings.

No hables más lentamente.
Don't speak more slowly.

Be sure to note that this is the tú form!

Compare the affirmative informal (tú) commands with the negative informal (tú) commands:

Cuenta tus beneficios.

Count your blessings.

No cuentes tus beneficios.

Don't count your blessings.

Habla más lentamente.

Speak more slowly.

No hables más lentamente.

Don't speak more slowly.

Also note that the subject pronoun tú is not normally used with imperative form.

Habla más lentamente.
(You) Speak more slowly.

Come la cena.
(You) Eat the dinner.

Escribe la carta.
(You) Write the letter.

Let's add a flashcard for the informal tú commands:

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Informal Commands ("tú") - StudySpanish.com

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. In the previous lesson, you learned that commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb. Compra (tú) el anillo. (You) Buy the ring.

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Quiz yourself: Demonstrative adjectives 

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Quiz yourself: Demonstrative adjectives 

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Demonstrative Adjectives in Spanish Practice Quiz | SpanishDict

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Learn about demonstrative adjectives in Spanish with fun practice quizzes.

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

The following eight verbs have irregular familiar commands in the affirmative:

Note that these irregularities only occur with affirmative tú commands. As with all other verbs, to form negative informal commands with these verbs, use the "tú" form of the present subjunctive.

Let's add another flashcard for the irregular tú commands:

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Irregular Commands ("tú") - StudySpanish.com

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. The following eight verbs have irregular familiar commands in the affirmative: Note that these irregularities only occur with affirmative tú commands. As with all other verbs, to form negative informal commands with these verbs, use the "tú" form of the present subjunctive.

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Definite Articles in Spanish Practice Quiz | SpanishDict

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Learn about definite articles in Spanish with fun practice quizzes.

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Chile & Argentina

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Informal Commands (tú): Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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Paraguay & Uruguay

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Perú & Bolivia

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Venezuela & Ecuador

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Hacer+ que expressions

Hace+ amt. time+ que+ (no) verb present tense.

Example: Hace 3 días que no veo a mi amiga.

Direct Object Pronouns

Indirect Object Pronouns

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This is a great quiz!

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Time Expressions with Hacer: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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Direct Object Pronouns Part I: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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Quiz yourself: Direct Object pronouns # 2

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Quiz yourself: Direct Object pronouns # 2

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Direct Object Pronouns Part I: Test #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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Review:

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

Let's begin with a review of the previous lesson.

The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going.

The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed.

Sentences that have an indirect object usually have a direct object. Remember, the IO tells us where the DO is going. Notice how the sentences below just wouldn't work without a direct object.

He gives María . . .
the book, the pen, the diamond, etc.

He buys me . . .
flowers, candy, an ironing board, etc.

Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather it is implied, or understood.

My mother writes me every week.
DO=letter (understood)
IO=me
(My mother writes me a letter every week.)

She told him.
DO=it (understood)
IO=him
(She told it to him.)

To identify the indirect object use our two guidelines:

1. The IO tells us where the DO is going.

2. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed.

When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns:

In a negative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes between the negative word and the conjugated verb.

Compare the affirmative statements with their negative counterparts.

Remember, don't translate word-for-word. Instead, think in terms of phrases, or concepts. "Ellos no nos compran ningún regalo" contains 3 concepts:

1. ellos nos compran (they buy us)

2. regalo (gift)

3. no, ningún (make the sentence negative)

The key to learning to use the indirect object pronouns is the same as the key for direct object pronouns. You must learn to think in phrases, not words. The phrases consist of a pronoun and a conjugated verb. In the following examples, note that the IO remains the same, while the subject of the phrase changes.

Remember, the IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. That is, they can stand for different things.

The following sentences, while grammatically correct, are ambiguous:

Ella no le escribe una carta.
Ella no les escribe una carta.

Out of context, there is no way we can know the meaning.

Ella no le escribe una carta.
She doesn't write him a letter.
She doesn't write her a letter.
She doesn't write you (formal) a letter.

Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity.

Ella no le escribe a Juan una carta.
Ella no le escribe a su hermana una carta.
Ella no le escribe a usted una carta.

Ella no les escribe a sus padres una carta.
Ella no les escribe a ustedes una carta.

Sometimes a prepositional phrase is added not for clarity, but rather for emphasis.

Juan no me da a mí el dinero.
John doesn't give me the money.
(emphasizing that the money is not given to me but rather to someone else)

There is no ambiguity in the following sentence. It can only mean one thing.

Juan no me da el dinero.
John doesn't give me the money.

The addition of a prepositional phrase merely adds emphasis.

Remember:

The IO tells us where the DO is going.

The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for whom."

In order for a sentence to have a IO, it must also have a DO.

Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is implied, or understood.

The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les.

In a negative sentence, place the pronoun between the negative word and the conjugated verb.

Think in phrases, do not translate word-for-word.

Le and les are ambiguous.

Prepositional phrases are often used for clarity and for emphasis.

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Indirect Object Pronouns: Part II - StudySpanish.com

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. Let's begin with a review of the previous lesson. The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going. The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?"

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Indirect Object Pronouns Part II: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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Colombia

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Panamá & Costa Rica

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60 Questions (multiple choice and fill in the blank)

90 Minutes

Must be taken in one sitting.

Only click "start" when you are ready to take it. .

You cannot retake the final exam.