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Compromise of 1850

Parts of the Compromise

California enters the union as a free state

A set border between New Mexico and Texas would be made with Texas being given $10 million in compensation for the lost territory.

Popular sovereignty would be used in New Mexico and arizona.

Fugitive Slave Law changes (1793-1850)

The fugative slave law was a law tating that a run away slave who fleed from a slave state to a free state would be sent back to their master in the south and that the northern states must comply and help with the capturing of the fugitive slave.

The Triumvirate Death

The death of the Triumvirate when Clay, Calhoun, and Webster died in close succession causing the west, south, and north losing their best representatives in congress leading to their being less of a compromiser like Clay and nobody to pull the reins on the South’s secessionist tendencies.

Enforcement (North & South Reactions)

The north opposed the compromise of 1850 because they had believed that if they were to stop the expansion of slavery it would eventually die out.

The south had resorted to cessation from the United States because of the fact they were not allowed to expand slavery to all of the newly found states

Long Terms Effects

With the death of the triumvirate the relations between the 3 regions began to deteriorate as the great compromiser Henry Clay died leading in addition to there being no large figure who wished to negotiate albeit foolishly with the south when the threatened treason for the last time

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Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Author/Synopsis of book

Author: Harriet Beacher Stowe

Summary: Uncle Tom’s cabin tells the tale of uncle tom (a slave), very religious and serious. He was very loyal to his beliefs. He was transported to a slave auction in new orleans by boat. squished and fed slop- he was suffering. Tom saves the life of little Eva (the southern slave owner’s daughter), and befriends her. Eva’s health declines, and asks her father to free all the slaves he owns. When Eva’s father agrees to do so, he is then killed by Tom’s new owner. Tom was than whipped to death by his new owner when he refuses to confess where the escaped slaves were.

Global impact on the Civil War

Uncle Tom’s cabin Strengthened the northern abolition movement and made Great Britain like the southerners cause even less. The south thought that the book was too harsh and the north thought the book wasn’t harsh enough. The south didn't like the moral standpoint of the book.

North & South Reactions

North: It brought slavery to life for many Northerners. In other words, Uncle Tom’s Cabin convinced Northerners that slavery was harmful and wrong.

White southerners were scared that the slaves would rebel. The southerners were outraged which put an even bigger divide between the north and the south.

Long Terms Effects

Uncle Tom's Cabin had different varieties  between the North and the South. It has strongly strengthened Northern abolitionism, and weakened British sympathy for the Southern cause.

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Bleeding Kansas happened on the border of Kansas-Missouri, Kansas territory. Because of political ideas over what to do with slavery in the state of Kansas.

Massacres
-Pottawatomie Massacre (May 24-25, 1856) was a radical abolitionist John Brown, 5 of his sons, and three other associates murdered five men at three different cabins along the banks of Pottawatomie Creek.
-A battle between the Free Staters of Lawrence and the supporters of slavery living in Missouri.
-An armed engagement that occurred on August 30, 1856, led by John W. Reid, attacked the town of Osawatomie, Kansas

Constitutions
-Topeka Constitution - U.S. resolution that established an antislavery territorial government in opposition to the existing proslavery territorial government in Kansas.
-Le Compton Constitution  - a document framed in Lecompton, in 1857 by Southern pro-slavery advocates of Kansas statehood
- Buchanan's reaction is after he saw the issues made Kansas a state as soon as possible.

North and south Reactions
-North was very mad
-South was very happy

Long terms effects
Kansas was made a state

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Massacres (Lawrence, Pottawatomie, Osawatomie)

Pottawatomie Massacre, (May 24–25, 1856) radical abolitionist John Brown, 5 of his sons, and three other associates murdered five men at three different cabins along the banks of Pottawatomie Creek

A battle between the Free Staters of Lawrence and the supporters of slavery living in Missouri.

an armed engagement that occurred on August 30, 1856, led by John W. Reid, attacked the town of Osawatomie, Kansas

Constitutions

Topeka Constitution - U.S. resolution that established an antislavery territorial government in opposition to the existing proslavery territorial government in Kansas.

Le Compton Constitution  - a document framed in Lecompton, in 1857 by Southern pro-slavery advocates of Kansas statehood

Buchanan's reaction -

North & South Reactions

North was outraged

South was overjoyed

Long Terms Effects

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- Mexico sold 30 million acres to what is now Arizona and New Mexico
- Popular sovereignty=a controversial political doctrine according to which the people of federal territories should decide for themselves whether their territories would enter the Union as free or slave states
- Northern Democrats supported Popular Sovereignty, while the South did not
- The North was really mad because it permitted Kansas and Nebraska to be open to slavery
- Nebraska Act resulted in the creation of the Republican Party

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- colonists were able to get around the decision by failing to establish local police regulations, i.e. a slave code, which protected a master's property. Without such protection, no one would bring slaves into a territory.
- Lincoln emphasized the moral iniquity of slavery and attacked popular sovereignty for the bloody results it had produced in Kansas.
- they propelled Lincoln's political career into the national spotlight, while stifling Douglas's career and heralding the election of 1860.

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Dred Scott v. Sanford

Important people

Dred Scott - Petitioner (on trial)

John F. A. Sanford - Respondent (against)

Advocates

Montgomery Blair and George Ticknor Curtis (for Scott)

Henry S. Geyer (for Sanford)

Break down of the questions & rationale of the decision

Was Dred Scott free or a slave?

Claimed that Scott was free due to his temporary residents in Illinois (a free state)

Ruled that salves were property under the 5th amendment and that any law that would take away salves from their owner was unconstitutional

Moving to a free state does not render a person’s status

Political Impact

North -  They saw that this was proof for the north to show that the south wanted to extend slavery

South - they saw this as a crucial precedent showing that they will not move their slaves because they have the right to own them and the government says that your property cant be moved if you don't want it to

Western Territories -  As Dred Scott was considered someone's property he was not able to sue in federal court.

Long Terms Effects

Constricted the freedom of slaves throughout all states

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1858 Freeport, Illinois

Stephen’s Douglas Doctrine, stated that slavery has to be eliminated in the USA by local legislation

Popular sovereignty - American doctrine

Federal territories that each state should decide for themselves, whether they want to be free or slavery states

Free Soil Party - A political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery

North and South reactions

they debated slavery and they came to one conclusion that did not satisfy one of the regions.

-long term effects
Douglas's bill in effect repealed the Missouri Compromise by lifting the ban against slavery in territories

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John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1850-1859)

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John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1850-1859)

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John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1850-1859)

Influences of J. Brown – Kansas

John Brown went to Kansas with 5 of his sons in order to fight against slavery in the South. However, the abolitionist territories were raided and attacked by proslavery forces, causing Brown to get revenge against the proslavery forces.

Details of the Event (RR station, Federal troops, etc.)

About five men were killed with swords and guerilla weapons during the battle between the antislavery force

So many cabins and houses were raided by John Brown and his sons such as when they attacked three cabins in Pottawatomie Creek on May 25.

Hanging of John Brown – Reactions, murderer or martyr?

John Brown was caught by the soldiers in the southern states of October 16 1859 where John was tried for treason and murder for his raid in the Harper’s Ferry that failed when he and his abolitionist army were overrunned by southern troops.

North & South Reactions

The death of John Brown caused a shockwave to the whole state of the U.S.

Many angry southerners thought Brown was a murderer of causing violence to the southern states while the northern state’s reaction varied among the white individuals as most of them were disinterested in what Brown did to the states.

Long Terms Effects

The event of John Brown caused an increase of tensions and raised stakes in the presidential election of 1860 and how this event also led to the civil war between two regions of the U.S.