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Sham Al Nassim the Spring Holiday

Held every year in April is the popular Spring Holiday, which takes place the very first Monday after the Christian Easter holiday. The reason for the festival is yet to be determined but that does not deter locals and travelers alike from having a swell of a time. The day is characterized by displays of music, dance, and all-round festiveness.

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Sufi Holiya Festival

Also in October is the traditional Sufi music and dance festival. The Holiya festival is a mass display of cultural brotherhood and kinship. Held in honor of Sudanese saints and sheiks, the festival is characterized by the gathering of people of all ethnicities and social rankings, who dance and hug in the street. This part of the festival is called Hadra. The festival-goers sing along to traditional hymns and songs – called qasaids - and hold a large parade that passes through many culturally significant landmarks. For travelers, this really is one of the most spiritually uplifting and most inspiring traditions to witness in the region.

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It combines the four pan-Arab colours found in the Arab Revolt Flag and the Arab Liberation Flag, but in The Sudan there are other explanations of the symbolism. Black is associated with al-Mahdī and with the name of the country itself (sudan in Arabic means “black”). White refers to the revolutionary flag of 1924 and suggests peace and optimism. Red recalls the martyrs in the independence struggle as well as socialism and progress. Green is a symbol of prosperity as well as of the Islamic religion, to which a majority of the inhabitants adhere. The flag was designed by Abd al-Raḥman Aḥmad al-Jali.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hgZytPIjKo

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Sudan National Anthem with music, vocal and lyrics Arabic w/English Translation

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1. Kuindiong (sweetened semolina)
2. Moukhbaza (paste of mashed bananas)
3. Kisra (flat bread made from sorghum flour)
4. Dura (cooked maize and millet eaten with various vegetables)
5. Asseeda (Sudanese porridge)
6. Elmaraara and Umfitit
7. Gourrassa (wheat-based flat bread)

8. Kawal (fermented Cassia obtusifolia leaves)
9. Kajaik (fish stew)

10. Ful medames (fava beans dish)

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-The rich and varied music of Sudan has traditional, rural, Northeast African roots,[1] and also shows Arabic, Western or other African influences, especially on the popular urban music from the early 20th century onwards. Since the establishment of big cities like Khartoum as melting pots for people of diverse backgrounds, their cultural heritage and tastes have shaped numerous forms of modern popular music.[2] In the globalized world of today, the creation and consumption of music through satellite TV or on the Internet is a driving force for cultural change in Sudan, popular with local audiences as well as with Sudanese living abroad.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBRVv8kqAec
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qtx81-9ipE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Mmtb_5hjtc

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Men's traditional attire. It consists of a long, loose-fitting white or pastel-colored robe (called "jalabiya"), a headdress (a skullcap or a turban), and shoes. Jalabiya is ankle-length collarless robe with long sleeves. Mostly it is light-colored, but sometimes it can be brown as well. Light colors help to reduce heat from the sun; long sleeves and hem protect skin from sun and sand; loose-fitting design helps skin to breath and reduces sweating.

Women's traditional attire. The national costume of Sudanese women is called "toob" ("thobe", "thawb", "toub" etc.). It is a long wrap-around cloth worn on top of a shirt and skirt/trousers. It covers the body entirely. It can be made from cotton, satin, polyester, jersey, denim and other fabrics. A thawb can be of any color, can have various patterns on fabric. A thawb can be very colorful and beautiful. Though, elder women prefer white thawbs, and youth mostly wears multicolor toobs, often with accessories. Expensive thawbs often are embellished with embroidery, stitch-work, rhinestones and other decorative elements.

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-There are radio and television broadcasting stations in Omdurman; both are state-owned and controlled. Between 1986 and 1989 Sudan had one of the freest presses in Africa, with more than 40 independent newspapers, but civilian newspapers were banned after the June 1989 military takeover, and there were then only a few state-controlled papers. The number has since increased and includes some that are privately owned.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GT9DM5mWksQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujnkjtVnzCY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hux42E4k4So

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-Southeastern Sudan. The park lies in the clayish floodplain of the Dinder and Rahad rivers, at an elevation of 2,300 to 2,600 feet (700 to 800 metres). Established in 1935, it covers an area of 2,750 square mi (7,123 square km). Vegetation in the park consists of thornbush savanna in the north and woodland in the south; along the riverbanks there are palm or gallery forests and swampy areas. Wildlife includes giraffe, hartebeest, reedbuck, roan antelope, bushbuck, oribi, waterbuck, greater kudu, gazelle, dik-dik, buffalo, lion, and ostrich. Black rhinoceros, leopard, cheetah, elephant, hyena, and jackal are also occasionally found. The park can be reached by road from Khartoum, a distance of 290 miles (470 km). Its headquarters are at Khartoum.

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-Sudan has long been passionate about football (soccer) and was one of Africa’s first football powers. In 1957 Sudan was a founding member of the African Football Confederation (CAF). Along with Egypt, Sudan dominated international competition on the continent in the 1950s and ’60s. The national team won the coveted African Cup of Nations in 1970. Club soccer remains popular in Sudan, and a number of clubs exist all over the country.

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-Sudan is one of the richest African countries in terms of archaeological sites. Ruins of the ancient kingdom of Kush are found at Gebel Barkal and associated sites in the Nile valley; they were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2003. The archaeological sites at Meroe, an ancient Kushitic city, were collectively designated a World Heritage site in 2011.

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-One of the most important forms of cultural expression among nonliterate groups is oral tradition. The linguistic diversity of the country provides the basis for a richly varied written and oral literature. The major language with a written literature in traditional Sudanese society is Arabic. The most widely known Sudanese literary works in this language are associated with Islam and its scholarship and include a large body of literature describing the lives and virtue of holy men. These works are best known through recitations on special anniversaries associated with pious persons.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IYA0qiF218

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NETK45Dc_zc

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Modesty

Dignity (karama)

Honour (sharaf)

Duty (al-wajib)

Hospitality

Generosity (karim)

Humility (tawadae)

Stoicism/Fatalism

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Political and territorial organization
-Broadly speaking, the traditional societies of Sudan exhibited two types of political organization: the hierarchical system of the Fur and the segmentary systems of the Humr Baqqārah and Otoro.

Family and kinship patterns
-In all the societies descent was reckoned in the male line, but the significance of such agnatic ties among kin groups differed from one society to another. The Fur reckoned descent patrilineally, but residence was customarily with or near the wife’s parents.
-Among the Humr Baqqārah the main distinction was between persons of Arab descent (who held the positions of power) and non-Arabs.

Socialization and education
-In all societies under comparison, there were ritual and ceremonial practices marking the stages in the life cycle of the individual—birth, circumcision, puberty, marriage, and death.

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Settlement patterns
-The societies exhibited three different patterns of settlement. The Otoro lived in scattered groups. Otoro homesteads were scattered irregularly over hilltops and valleys, a number of homesteads constituting a village, villages combining to form hill communities, a number of which made up the tribe.

Production and technology
-The economy of most of the peoples of Sudan was and still is dependent on cultivation, with animal husbandry, and sometimes hunting and fishing, providing an important supplement to agriculture.

Property and exchange systems
-Land among the Otoro and Fur was the principal economic asset. Among the Otoro, land could be acquired through inheritance, purchase, and lease and by clearing and cultivating new areas.

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-The Humr Baqqārah and Fur peoples adhere to Islamic beliefs and practices, which came to them through Arab influence, and traditional local practices coexist with Islamic beliefs. Among the Fur, for example, the splashing of sanctuaries with a flour-and-water paste is carried out to ensure fertility. There are also rain cults thought to have been introduced from farther west. Sacrifices are made at shrines and at ancestral tombs when the rains are likely to fall. The office of rainmaker is hereditary.

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LANGUAGE IN SUDAN - YouTube

www.youtube.com
DANCE IN SUDAN - YouTube

www.youtube.com
MUSIC IN SUDAN - YouTube

www.youtube.com
Dinder National Park | national park, Sudan | Britannica
www.britannica.com
10 Traditional Food In Sudan - Updated 2021 | Trip101

trip101.com
National dress of Sudan. Men prefer loose-fitting robes and women use wrap-around cloths - Nationalclothing.org
nationalclothing.org

Sudan - Cultural institutions | Britannica

www.britannica.com
Sudan - Economic organization | Britannica

www.britannica.com
Sudan - Cultural life | Britannica

www.britannica.com

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As an Islamic country, Sudan holidays and festivals are centered on the Islamic calendar. Important days like the birthday of the Prophet Mohammed, celebrated on Mawlid an-Nabi, and Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of a month of fasting, are big occasions across the entire country. There are, however, also a few non-Islamic events which tend to celebrate common cultures and the joys of life.

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Mawlid an-Nabi

Kicking off the Sudanese festival calendar in February is Mawlid an-Nabi, which celebrates the day the Prophet Mohammed was born. This is one of the few Islamic celebrations in which travelers can partake as the festivities are taken out of the home and into the streets. Stalls with food and sweets line the streets and locals dance and sing until late into the night. The atmosphere is electric and the day is undoubtedly enjoyed by all.