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Class Period:

Company Details (Company Name and what do they do?):

Why is the organization considered Socially Responsible:

How do these actions affect society:

How has this company been recognized by their actions:

Links to works cited:

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Thato Meko - Family and Medical Leave Act

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Thato Meko - Family and Medical Leave Act

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Year established:

The Family and Medical Leave act was passed and established in 1993.

What led up to the creation:

Before FMLA, women routinely lost their jobs when they took four weeks or more off to have a child. The result was limited career prospects for women. Some mothers even endangered their health by returning to work too soon, in an effort to protect their jobs. The law made no provision for employees to take time off to care for a seriously ill relative.

What is the purpose:

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the Family Leave Act (FMLA) provides a means for employees to balance their work and family responsibilities by taking unpaid leave for certain reasons.

How it affects businesses:

Individually, businesses tend to struggle with this act because they lose employees but is necessary because it keeps the employees happy. Overall Businesses lose around 21 billion dollars every year due to the FMLA.

How it affects employees:

FMLA is designed to help employees balance their work and family responsibilities by allowing them to take reasonable unpaid leave for certain family and medical reasons. It also seeks to accommodate the legitimate interests of employers and promote equal employment opportunity for men and women.

How it affects consumers:

N/A

Revisions:

The FMLA has had multiple revisions, 4 exactly about additional leave entitlements, new FMLA-qualifying uses of the existing leave entitlement,  Broader application of existing FMLA-qualifying uses of leave and  Less-restrictive eligibility requirements, generally, and separate requirements for certain worker groups.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:

1. https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/employer-makes-million-dollar-fmla-mistake.aspx

2.
https://www.fandpnet.com/insight/recent-case-law-gives-insight-on-employer-rights-and-responsibilities-under-the-fmla/

3.
https://www.businessmanagementdaily.com/63014/3-recent-fmla-lawsuits-that-employers-need-to-be-familiar-with/

Sources (links):

https://employersresource.com/business-compliance/what-is-fmla/

https://www.laborlawcenter.com/education-center/history-of-fmla/

https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/workhours/fmla

https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R44693.pdf

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Occupational Health and Safety administration(OSHA) ByZt

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Occupational Health and Safety administration(OSHA) ByZt

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Year established:

Occupational safety and health administration was established in april of 1971

What led up to the creation:

A large amount of work related injury and death people demanded some sort of solution to these constant and serious problems. Almost like that time at work you hit your funny bone at work but just like ten times more serious

What is the purpose:

To set a standard to have the requirements met on necessary safety precautions alon with correct;ly utilizing the tools given to you in your particular work field.

How it affects businesses:

This may vary depending on the severity of the situation meaning it could make or break your business depending on what your mess up is like if you were to have a lot of work related deaths in your company it would most likely result in that business being closed down,

How it affects employees:

It does not affect public employees however it does affect the privat employee workers.

How it affects consumers:

This would affect a consumer be by developing a uniformed safety standard for consumer products like food.

LINKS https://www.osha.goworldpopulationhistory.orgv/aboutosha/30-years

https://www.osha.gov/safety-management/case-studies

https://www.osha.gov/young-workers/real-stories

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Year Established:
The Federal Trade Commission was created on September 26, 1914, when President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Trade Commission Act into law.

What led up to the creation:
When the FTC was created in 1914, it was created to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce as part of the battle to “bust the trusts.”

What is the purpose:
The bipartisan federal agency was purposed with the unique dual mission to protect consumers and promote competition.

How it affects businesses:
The FTC develops rules that keep companies and businesses in check. This means that the agency will sue any businesses and companies that violate laws so that they protect consumers from fraud, deception and unfair business practices. The FTC can also benefit businesses by helping and teaching them the rules of business so that they can stay in the game.

How it affects employees:
The FTC can sue companies and their employees that violate the law to ensure a vibrant marketplace they can also educate employees about their rights and responsibilities.

How it affects consumers:
The FTC's main priority is to protect consumers and educate them about their rights and responsibilities. That means that when you are shopping and buying things, it is the FTC that is protecting you from scams and other things that can affect you the consumer in negative ways.

Revisions:
The FTC themselves are responsible for many revisions to other acts like approving final revisions that would bring several rules that implement parts of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) in line with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act). Overall, the FTC itself hasn't changed much or its motives and purpose.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:

Corporate compliance services - Operators of a scheme that targeted businesses across the country with bogus threats of government fines will pay $1.2 million and be banned from sending unsolicited direct mail under a settlement with the Federal Trade Commission and the State of Florida.

https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/182-3007/corporate-compliance-services

A new Federal Trade Commission data spotlight shows that in the first nine months of 2021, consumers reported losing $148 million in scams where gift cards were used as the form of payment. That amount is more than was reported in all of 2020.

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2021/12/ftc-data-show-major-increase-gift-cards-scam-payment-method

The FTC’s brief argues that the Franchise Rule requires franchisors to make specified disclosures to franchisees but does not address whether a franchisee is an employee or an independent contractor under Massachusetts law and does not preempt state law. 7-Eleven therefore may not rely on the Rule to govern its status as an employer under state law.

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2021/12/ftc-files-amicus-brief-patel-v-7-eleven-inc

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Federal Equal Employment Opportunity

Year established:
The Federal Equal Employment Opportunity was established on July 2, 1965.

What led up to the creation:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson and included a section (referred to as Title VII) that prohibited employment discrimination. This Act applied to private employers, labor unions, and employment agencies and created the EEOC to enforce the Act.

What is the purpose: The Policy states that there is freedom from discrimination on the basis of protected classes such as race, color, sex, national origin, religion, age, disability, or genetic information.

How it affects businesses:
This commission affects the businesses by helping them stay safe and productive. Instead of fearing getting fired because of something one cannot control, they can now freely work anywhere they want without worrying about harassment. And even if they do face these things, the EEOC is there to protect them.

How it affects employees:
Employees are now safer and are given more freedom to do what they want. Even if there is discrimination on classes, they are now protected and given compensation by the EEOC

How it affects consumers:
Consumers are not affected as much as the businesses themselves, but it does give them the certification that the company is free from discrimination and harassment. They will also know if a company has gotten sued by the EEOC if there has been an instance of harassment.

Revisions:
5 years after EEOC opens its doors for business, Congress gives EEOC the authority to file lawsuits against private companies in 1968.
In 1990, President George H.W. Bush signs into law the Americans with Disabilities Act.
In 2009, President Barack H. Obama signs into law the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act.
President Biden may make changes to this commission, but is still not confirmed.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1. Chipotle v EEOC https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/sixteen-year-old-claims-she-was-harassed-pennsylvania-mexican-restaurant
2. Teen girls sexually harassed. https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/teenage-girls-report-sexual-harassment-california-bagel-shop
3. Discrimination against disabled people https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/two-claim-arizona-store-refused-hire-them-because-they-were-deaf

Sources (links):
https://www.dallasnews.com/business/local-companies/2021/09/24/eeoc-sues-north-texas-companies-for-violating-sexual-harassment-and-disability-laws/

https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/teenagers-report-sexual-harassment-california-golf-club

https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/eeoc-files-disability-lawsuits-el-paso-and-ft-worth-based-covid-related-discrimination

https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/facts-about-racecolor-discrimination

https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/eeoc-priorities-may-change-under-a-biden-administration.aspx

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EEOC sues North Texas companies for violating sexual harassment and disability laws

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The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission sued three North Texas companies this week for allegedly violating federal harassment and discrimination...

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Madison Curry- Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) 

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Madison Curry- Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) 

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Year established:

The Fair Labor Standards Act was established June 25, 1938 after being signed by President Franklin Roosevelt.

What led up to the creation:

Before the Act was passed, adults and often young children had to work extremely long hours for very little pay. Things worsened during the Great Depression, with employers making exponential wage cuts and requiring longer hours. Thousands of children were denied an education because of work. As President Roosevelt was campaigning for a second term, he publicly committed to eliminating child labor and improving labor standards for all working Americans.

What is the purpose:

The FLSA establishes a minimum wage, overtime pay, age requirements, and record keeping requirements for employers. The overall purpose of the Act was to improve job quality and create fair working environments. It abolished child labor and made sure work was compensated fairly.

How it affects businesses:

The Act affects businesses because it sets the base-line of what they have to pay their employees, as well as the age limit of their employees. It also ensures employers remain compliant with the Act in order to avoid possible civil or criminal violations. Overall it regulates how businesses treat their employees and ensures a fair work environment for them. The Act made it unlawful for businesses/employers to take advantage of their employees.

How it affects employees:

The FLSA act affects employees by protecting them. It ensures that they are going to be paid fairly for their work and gives employees a voice against employers. It also protects children from having to work at young ages and makes sure children are receiving an education.

How it affects consumers:

Since the Act regulates employment processes, it indirectly affects consumers by keeping the cost of employment low. This in-turn affects the businesses products prices.

Revisions:
The previous threshold set minimum salary a worker must be paid in order to be overtime-exempt as $23,660. The new rule increases the threshold to $35,568/annually, or $684 per week. This change is effective January 1, 2020. The new rule also raises the total annual compensation level for “highly compensated employees” from $100,000 to $107,432 per year, effective January 1, 2020. They were no changes made to the duties test. The department of labor say they plan to update the salary threshold more regularly going forward, but did not include any mechanism to automatically update the threshold.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:

1.Native Oilfield Services required truck drivers to be at work early each morning to haul sand to fracking sites in the Eagle Ford and Permian Basin. Many times, no trucks would be available and the drivers would wait hours without pay for one to arrive. In August, a federal jury in Dallas ruled that the Fort Worth-based company violated the Fair Labor Standards Act when it refused to pay 108 truckers millions of dollars in overtime.
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150512006366/en/Judge-Rules-for-Plaintiffs-in-Overtime-Wage-Violation-Case-Against-Native-Oilfield-Services-Baron-Budd-Reports

2.

May 7, 2020 Evans, et al. v. Dart, et al. (Northern District of Illinois)Plaintiffs, correctional officers working for Cook County, Illinois. Plaintiffs allege that the county failed to pay them regular or overtime wages for the time they spent at the beginning and end of their shifts sanitizing themselves, their uniforms, and their personal protective equipment, all of which was required in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Plaintiffs allege that these activities, which were uncompensated, took approximately 20-30 minutes each shift.
https://www.natlawreview.com/article/covid-19-related-workplace-litigation-tracker-june-19-2020

3.
After an investigation by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division (WHD), Rami Transportation Inc. – based in San Marcos, Texas – has paid $173,426 in back wages to 66 employees to resolve overtime violation. The general freight trucking company incorrectly classified some of its drivers as independent contractors and paid them based on a percentage of their weekly hauling revenue regardless of the number of hours they worked. The company violated federal law when it failed to pay overtime when employees worked more than 40 hours in a workweek. WHD also cited the employer for recordkeeping violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).
https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/whd/whd20200115-0

Sources (links):

https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/flsa

https://www.minimum-wage.org/articles/what-is-overtime

https://www.natlawreview.com/article/covid-19-related-workplace-litigation-tracker-june-19-2020

http://www.firefighterovertime.org/2018/03/30/paramedic-files-flsa-suit/

https://www.legalconsumer.com/wage-and-hour-law/?FIPS=48085&ST=TX

https://www.epi.org/blog/celebrating-75-years-fair-labor-standards/#:~:text=A%20special%20study%20conducted%20by,children%20aged%2010%20to%2015.

https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1966&context=lcp

https://www.nelp.org/commentary/fair-labor-standards-act-at-80-its-more-important-than-ever/

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Affordable Care Act

Year established:
The Affordable Care Act was passed on March 23, 2010

What led up to the creation:
Barack Obama signed the act into action March 23, 2010 after the percentage of people in the United States that did not have health insurance was very high so he wanted to take action and provide health insurance to as many people as possible.

What is the purpose:
The purpose of the Affordable Care Act was to provide affordable health care for everyone in the United States while also improving quality of the insurance.

How it affects businesses:
The Affordable Care Act also allows small businesses who can't afford their own health insurance to have coverage. As of 2015 if a large employer doesn't offer health insurance to their employees the business will be fined $2,000 for every full-time employee if any obtain tax credits for purchasing health coverage.

How it affects employees:
Under the Affordable Care Act large employers are required to to offer affordable health insurance to their employees. The Affordable Care Act also creates incentives to promote employer wellness programs and other activities that support healthier workplaces. The maximum reward to employers using a wellness program that's contingent on employee health has increased from 20% to 30% of the cost of health coverage.

How it affects consumers:
Consumers with the lowest incomes will see the most dramatic reductions in risk of catastrophic medical costs. For example, the 11.5 million individuals who become newly insured by Medicaid will see their risk of spending at least 10 percent of income on medical costs decrease from 45 percent to 5 percent.

Revisions:
The ACA permitted states to expand their Medicaid programs. Specifically, states could expand Medicaid to include all low-income adults. In addition, through the ACA Medicaid expansion, the income threshold was increased, increasing the number of people eligible for Medicaid via the ACA. Also, The ACA requires every individual to enroll in health insurance beginning in 2014. If a person is uninsured for three consecutive months in a year, he or she will be assessed a penalty.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1.
https://ballotpedia.org/Zubik_v._Burwell
2.
https://ballotpedia.org/Burwell_v._Hobby_Lobby_Stores,_Inc.
3.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/affordable-care-act-survives-third-supreme-court-challenge-as-case-from-trump-administration-and-gop-led-states-is-rejected/2021/06/17/1d800dce-cf6f-11eb-8cd2-4e95230cfac2_story.html

Sources (links):
https://www.ehealthinsurance.com/resources/affordable-care-act/history-timeline-affordable-care-act-aca

https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/06/05/new-hhs-data-show-more-americans-than-ever-have-health-coverage-through-affordable-care-act.html

https://www.geisinger.org/patient-care/specialty/trusted-advisor/what-does-aca-mean-for-my-business-or-employer

https://www.geisinger.org/patient-care/specialty/trusted-advisor/what-does-aca-mean-for-my-business-or-employer#:~:text=The%20Affordable%20Care%20Act%20(ACA,health%20insurance%20to%20their%20employees.

https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR383/RAND_RR383.sum.pdf

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Zubik v. Burwell was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the religious exemption from the Affordable Care Act's contraception mandate. At issue was whether the exemption process for religious employers to opt out of the requirement that health plans cover contraception for women at no cost imposed a substantial burden on such employers and violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993.

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Fair Packaging & Labeling Act - Charvi Vinod

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Fair Packaging & Labeling Act - Charvi Vinod

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Year established:
The Fair Packaging & Labeling Act was established in 1967.

What led up to the creation:
The Fair Packaging & Labeling Act was enacted to direct the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration to issue regulations requiring that all "consumer commodities" be labeled to disclose net contents, identity of commodity, and name and place of business of the product's manufacturer, packer, or distributor. The act directs product manufacturers to disclose information truthfully and completely through packages and labels.

What is the purpose:
The FPLA was enacted to ensure that consumers were given enough information to make the right choice between competing products, and aimed to put an end to unfair or deceptive packaging of household consumer commodities.

How it affects businesses:
The FPLA directs businesses to disclose necessary information truthfully, requiring them to abide by the laws within packaging and labeling their services.

How it affects employees:
Employees must abide by this regulation within their place of work at all times, contributing to their respective               business/company overall.

How it affects consumers:
The Fair Packaging & Labeling Act acts as a consumer protection legislation that directs the FDA and FTC to issue regulations for the packaging and labeling of products. The act directs product manufacturers to disclose information truthfully and completely through packages and labels, since it is easy to mislead consumers through these two factors of production.

Revisions:
In February 2015, the FTC amended its rules under the Fair Packaging & Labeling Act, which included modernizing the place-of-business listing requirement to incorporate online resources, eliminating obsolete references to commodities advertised using the terms “cents off,” “introductory offer” and “economy size,”  and incorporating a more comprehensive metric chart.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1. EBNER V. FRESH, INC.

2. JONES V. RATH PACKING CO.
3. BIMONT v. UNILEVER UNITED STATES, INC

Sources (links):
https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914f414add7b049349847da

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/430/519.html

https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2016/03/17/13

-56644.pdf

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2001/108-orig

https://nationalaglawcenter.org/aglaw-reporter/case-law-index/food-labeling/

https://nationalaglawcenter.org/aglaw-reporter/case-law-index/food-labeling/

https://www.complianceonline.com/fair-packaging-and-labeling-act-fpla-background-summary-of-provisions-and-recent-amendments-12390-prdad

https://books.google.com/books?id=9-7nKkzVbPsC&pg=RA7-PA35&lpg=RA7-PA35&dq=fair+packaging+and+labeling+act+court+cases+texas&source=bl&ots=n2QAlFY94s&sig=ACfU3U2Ny8xqTsoDd7amU9ED5xYUJlDlyQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlxLrr1c_0AhWVlWoFHWMACbYQ6AF6BAgSEAM#v=onepage&q=fair%20packaging%20and%20labeling%20act%20court%20cases%20texas&f=false

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2015/09/ftc-amends-fair-packaging-labeling-act-rules

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Year established:
1952

What led up to the creation:

The Uniform Commercial Code was enacted because it was becoming more difficult for companies to transact business across state lines given the various state laws.

What is the purpose:
The UCC was created to make businesses more predictable and efficient by making business laws highly consistent.

How it affects businesses:
The UCC helps promote uniformity among state laws. It helps make businesses more efficient due to the consistency of the laws among states.

How it affects employees:
It protects employees such as Garcia. It resulted in a breach of the UCC warranty.

How it affects consumers:
The UCC protects the transactions of goods making it a safer environment. Having a safer environment may lower the price of goods.

Revisions:
The UCC was revised in 1990 and was made more relevant to the US than it was in 1950

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:

Garcia vs. TX instruments-  Garcia was moving cartons of acid from one location to another. The cartons, constructed of fiberboard, each contained four one-gallon glass containers. While carrying one of the cartons, Garcia tripped and fell, breaking a container, suffering severe acid burns. This is a products liability case involving personal injuries resulting from an alleged breach of implied warranty under the Uniform Commercial Code.

Sources (links):

https://www.nisarlaw.com/blog/2015/october/how-does-the-uniform-commercial-code-apply-to-bu/#:~:text=Business%20contracts%20dealing%20with%20the,and%20shipped%20across%20state%20lines.

https://banksouthern.com/blog/how-the-1970-fair-credit-reporting-act-benefits-the-consumer/#:~:text=The%20Fair%20Credit%20Reporting%20Act,assembled%20by%20credit%20reporting%20agencies.

https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/supreme-court/1980/b-9484-0.html

http://jec.unm.edu/education/online-training/contract-law-tutorial/the-uniform-commercial-code-ucc

https://www.uniformlaws.org/acts/ucc

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Business contracts dealing with the sales of goods are generally governed by the New York Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). The UCC helps promote uniformity among state laws, which is often useful in commercial sales as goods are frequently purchased and shipped across state lines. The UCC often comes into play when addressing breach of contract and related civil litigation rising from the sale of goods.
A Disputed Machinery Sale
Here is an example from an ongoing case here in New York. The plaintiff in this case, a New York company, signed a contract to purchase an automatic packaging machine from the defendant, an Illinois company. The machine was refurbished, so the defendant hired a third party, located in Wisconsin, to test the equipment before shipping it to the plaintiff. Under the sales contract, the defendant agreed to witness the final testing in Wisconsin before the completed machine was shipped. At that point, the plaintiff would also make final payment.

But the plaintiff never sent anyone to Wisconsin. Instead, several months after the machine's completion, the plaintiff merely sent payment and made shipping arrangements. The third party told the plaintiff the machine was operating as promised.

The machine itself arrived in several parts at the plaintiff's facility. For some reason, the plaintiff did not assemble the machine right away. Five months later, the plaintiff informed the defendant that the machine was not working properly. The defendant referred the plaintiff to a mechanical expert, who later testified in court he could not make the machine work due to improper setup and minor damage.

Separately, the sales contract also required the defendant to ship a number of "bucket elevators" used to feed the packaging machine. The defendant never sent these items. The parties dispute who is responsible for the shipping costs.

Ultimately, the plaintiff sued the defendant for breach of contract and breach of warranty. The case is currently before a federal judge in Brooklyn. On September 22, the court ruled on both parties' motions for summary judgment.

The defendant argued it was entitled to summary judgment because the plaintiff failed to reject the goods within a "reasonable amount of time," as required by the UCC. The plaintiff waited about five months after it actually received the packaging machine to complain it did not work. While this may seem like an unreasonable delay, the court declined to grant summary judgment on this issue. The judge noted the goods here were not perishable and the alleged defects in the machine "could have gone unnoticed" by the plaintiff for several months.

The defendant also claimed the plaintiff violated the UCC by failing to inspect the machinery at the third party's facility. But as the court explained, this provision of the UCC "only applies to situations in which the buyer inspected goods before it entered into the contract." That is inapplicable in this case, as the parties' written agreement specified inspection would take place afterwards. Furthermore, the UCC requires a seller actually demand the buyer inspect the equipment, which did not happen here.

Finally, the court addressed the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment on the defendant's failure to deliver the bucket elevators. The judge noted the parties' contract was "ambiguous" regarding who was responsible for delivery. In such cases, the UCC favors "shipment contracts," meaning it is the seller's responsibility "to send goods to the buyer and the contract does not require him to deliver them at a particular destination." Since it is undisputed the defendant did not deliver the bucket elevators to the plaintiff, the court granted summary judgment on this issue.
Need Help With a Contract Dispute?
As this case illustrates, breach of contract and UCC cases often involve complex legal issues. That is why if your business is involved in any type of contract dispute, it is important you seek advice from an experienced New York business attorney. Contact the offices of Nisar & Mason, P.C., today if you would like to speak with an attorney today.

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How Does the Uniform Commercial Code Apply to Business Contracts?

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As this case illustrates, breach of contract and UCC cases often involve complex legal issues. That is why if your business is involved in any type of contract dispute, it is important you seek advice from an experienced New York business attorney.

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Workers Compensation

Year established: The first actual workers compensation laws were enacted in Texas in 1913.

What led up to the creation:
In 1884 something called workers’ accident insurance was created, and formed the first modern system of what we know now as workers’ compensation. Then in 1871 there was the Employers Liability Law, and the Workers Accident Insurance in 1844. All of these different acts and laws paved the way for new regulations of the modern understanding of workers compensation.

What is the purpose:
Workers compensation provides medical and wage benefits to those who are sick or injured in a workspace. This type of Insurance is mandatory in all states. Wages and medical benefits vary from state to state as well. It is considered social insurance because it is based on a social contract between management and the employee.

How it affects businesses: Although workers compensation is a must for any job, there's a bunch of ways a business can be affected. If a business does not have workers compensation for their employees, they can face bad charges if an employee gets injured. They can increase in premiums and additional wages, suffer overtime costs, and also damage fees. However if workers are insured, it can help prevent the business from being sued.

How it affects employees:
Workers compensation affects employees in a positive way. When a worker is injured at work, it helps cover medical, disability, and rehab costs.

How it affects consumers:
while workers compensation prices go up, as well as the fees that come with it, consumers might possibly be paying more money every year in taxes.

Revisions:
There have been tons of changes to the laws because of Covid-19. For example, they started processing requests for designated doctor examinations and required medical examinations for all issues ,including return to work or disability as a direct result of the compensable injury. Also, there's been changes to apply for a claim for benefits in a workplace.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1.
https://www.ncci.com/Articles/Pages/Insights_CourtCase-Update-Countrywide-Nov2021.aspx

Ingino-Cacchioli v. Infinity Consulting Sols. This case is about an employee who contracted Covid at work, and is controversial under the Workers Compensation Act.
2.
http://wcc.dli.mt.gov/sccases/Hensley_2020MT317.pdf

Susan Henley v. WCC. This case is about a paramedic hurt on the job, and not collecting any workers comp or wages.
3. http://wcc.dli.mt.gov/sccases/Miller_S.Ct.%20Decision%202021%20MT%20187N%20(2021%20MTWCC%203%20Affirmed).pdf

McKinnon v. Montana Supreme Court Internal Operations.
This case discusses the abuse of the workers compensation system by an individual seeking money.

Sources (links):
https://www.nationwide.com/
https://www.insureon.com/
https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v65n4/v65n4p7.html

https://www.thehartford.com/workers-compensation/history

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Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 - Morgan Ross

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Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 - Morgan Ross

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Year Established: The Sherman Antitrust Act was developed in 1890, July 2.
The Clayton Antitrust Act was developed in 1914, June 5.

What led up to the creation: The Sherman Antitrust Act was based on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
The Clayton Antitrust Act sought to enhance and address weaknesses in the Sherman Act by preventing such unfair or anti-competitive business practices in their infancy.

What is the purpose: The Sherman Act was implemented at a time when there was growing hostility against companies that were seen to be monopolizing specific markets.
The Clayton Act was implemented in a bid to curb the power of trusts and monopolies and maintain market competition.

How it affects businesses/employees: In response to the Sherman Act, a large public outcry to check the price-fixing abuses of these monopolies, this act banned trusts and monopolistic combinations that placed "unreasonable" restrictions on interstate and international trade.
The Clayton Act intended to strengthen earlier antitrust registration, the act prohibits anticompetitive mergers, predatory and discriminatory pricing, and other forms of unethical corporate behavior.

How it affects consumers: The Sherman Act affects the economy by curtailing combinations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition.
The Clayton Act affects the economy by making sure that companies behave themselves and that there is fair competition in the marketplace, which according to Economic Theory, should lead to lower prices, better quality, greater innovation, and wider choice.

Revisions: The Sherman Act was revised by the Clayton Act and there hasn't been any revisions to the Clayton Act since its creation in 1914.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1. (In a civil proceeding brought by the United States against several Chicago dairies, the complaint charged a conspiracy to restrain and monopolize the sale of fluid milk in the Chicago area, in violation of the Sherman Act, and price discrimination in violation of the Clayton Act.) https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/347/514/

2. (United States v. E.C. Knight Company, byname Sugar Trust Case, (1895), legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court first interpreted the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. The case began when the E.C. Knight Company gained control of the American Sugar Refining Company. By 1892 American Sugar enjoyed a virtual monopoly of sugar refining in the United States, controlling 98 percent of the industry.) https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-v-E-C-Knight-Company

3. (The purchase by the Union Pacific Railroad Company of forty-six percent of the stock of the Southern Pacific Company, with the resulting control of the latter's railway system by the former, is an illegal combination in restraint of interstate trade within the purview of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 and must be dissolved.) https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/226/61/

Sources (links):
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1989/88-1668

http://www.yettercoleman.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Texas-Business-Litigation-_2015-EditionChapter_Chapter-2-Antitrust_Paul-Yetter.pdf

https://www.thoughtco.com/the-clayton-antitrust-act-4136271#:~:text=The%20Clayton%20Antitrust%20Act%20of%201914%2C%20was%20enacted%20on%20October

https://www.investopedia.com/insights/history-of-us-monopolies/#:~:text=Of%20U.S.%20Monopolies-

https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/111714/whats-more-important-cash-flow-or-profits.asp#:~:text=Positive%20cash%20flow%20indicates%20that

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/380/592.html

https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/infamous-antitrust-cases-6025

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-reaches-settlement-texas-hospital-prohibiting-anticompetitive-contracts

https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/shows/briefcase/2020/02/25/361716/sherman-antitrust-act-apple-inc-v-pepper/

https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=51

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/clayton-antitrust-act.asp#:~:text=The%20Clayton%20Act%2C%20in%20conjunction

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/sherman-antitrust-act/#:~:text=The%20Sherman%20Antitrust%20Act%20was

https://www.britannica.com/event/Sherman-Antitrust-Act

https://www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2019/07/texas-court-dismisses-antitrust-claims

https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/451/630

https://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/15032424979#:~:text=Aside%20from%20banning%20the%20practices

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Year established:

The CAN-SPAM Act was established in 2003

What led up to the creation:

The CAN-SPAM Act was created to address the influx of spam being sent to individuals’ phones, emails, and computers. The spam that was sent to millions of people in the US included commercial e-mail messages or transactional messages that contained materially false or misleading header information.

What is the purpose:

The purpose of the CAN-SPAM Act was to address the issue of unsolicited commercial electronic mail communications. The Federal Communications Commission creates regulations governing commercial e-mail and some text messages transmitted to wireless devices such as cell phones.

How it affects businesses:

The CAN-SPAM Act affects businesses by regulating what they are allowed to send to their customers and future customers. The act makes sure that companies are sending the proper information to their customers without any malicious intent to gain unauthorized access and not have an unfair advantage over their competitors.

How it affects employees:

The CAN-SPAM Act affects the employees in the same way. Employees are not allowed to assist their companies in any way that affects consumers or legality. When an employee sends an email that contains spam or any other type of misleading information they could be reported to the FTC and face fines of up to $16,000 for each separate email sent.

How it affects consumers:

The Can-Spam act affects consumers by protecting them from dangerous and unregulated spam content. It also affects consumers as they do not have the right to initiate a private lawsuit for damages if they receive unsolicited junk e-mail under the CAN-SPAM Act. Instead, it allows the FTC or state attorneys general to sue spammers on their behalf in order to recover damages, levy civil penalties, and halt the emails.

Revisions:

As the Can-Spam is relatively new to governmental legislation it has not yet been revised. The Act was made law in 2003 and although spam has definitely increased in the past few years in terms of users receiving it, the act has covered it and made sure there are no loopholes.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:

1. https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-gordon-v-virtumundo-inc

2. https://www.networkworld.com/article/2332646/two-companies-face-can-spam--other-charges.html

3. https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/042-3086/global-web-promotions-pty-ltd-et-al

Sources (links):

1. https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/can-spam-act-compliance-guide-business

2.https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/rules/rulemaking-regulatory-reform-proceedings/can-spam-rule

3. https://www.fcc.gov/general/can-spam

4.https://www.mojomedialabs.com/blog/breaking-down-the-can-spam-law

5. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/inbox/state_anti-spam_laws

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Fair Labor Standards Act- Kendall Sproat

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Fair Labor Standards Act- Kendall Sproat

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Year established:
The Fair Labor Standards Act was established on June 25th, 1938. It was signed into law by Franklin Roosevelt.

What led up to the creation:
The Fair Labor Standards Act was established because during the 30s people were not being treated fairly in the work environment. Wages were too low for people to live off of, there was a lot of theft, children were working long hours, and citizens were working heavy overtime hours and not receiving any extra payment.

What is the purpose:
The Fair Labor Standards Act was created to give employees a minimum wage, pay people for overtime, preform recordkeeping, and prohibit child labor.

How it affects businesses:
The Fair Labor Standards Act makes businesses pay their employees a certain amount and also requires them to pay their workers overtime. This Act affects them by having to pay their employees more than they might want to.

How it affects employees:
The Fair Labor Standards Act heavily benefits employees, this is because they are ensured that they are paid fairly. This Act also affects employees, because it requires workers to be a certain age and prohibits child labor.

How it affects consumers:
The Fair Labor Standards Act affects consumers, because since the employees are well taken care of it makes the employees put more effort into whatever they are providing to the consumer.

Revisions:
There has been no revisions to the Fair Labor Standards Act.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1. Christopher vs SmithKline- Christopher was a pharmaceutical employee who wasn't paid overtime https://www.oyez.org/cases/2011/11-204
2. IBP, Inc. vs Alvarez- Employees Sued Barber Foods, because they were not paid for the time they spent walking to the worksite
https://www.oyez.org/cases/2005/03-1238
3. Auer vs Robbins- Auer a police officer wasn't paid overtime and sued the police department
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1996/95-897

Sources (links):
https://www.britannica.com/event/Fair-Labor-Standards-Act

https://www.nelp.org/commentary/fair-labor-standards-act-at-80-its-more-important-than-ever/

https://nclnet.org/flsa_blog/

https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/flsa

https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-72

https://www.twc.texas.gov/news/efte/flsa_does_and_doesnt_do.html

https://www.employmentlawhandbook.com/employment-and-labor-laws/federal/flsa/

https://ofm.wa.gov/state-human-resources/compensation-job-classes/compensation-administration/fair-labor-standards-act-flsa-washington-minimum-wage-act-wmwa/fair-labor-standards-act-flsa

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Ashton Nelson - Environmental Protection Act 

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Ashton Nelson - Environmental Protection Act 

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Year established:

the Environmental Protection Act was developed in December of 1970

What led up to the creation:

As a result of heightened public concerns about deteriorating city air, natural areas littered with debris, and urban water supplies contaminated with dangerous impurities, President Richard Nixon presented the House and Senate with a 37-point message on the environment

What is the purpose:

to preserve the natural environment, wildlife animals, and the air quality of the United States

How it affects businesses:

it affects businesses that choose natural exporting of waste, which was made illegal by the environmental protection act. this affected many factories and plants on their method of discarding waste

How it affects employees:

most employees are positively affected by the act, as it provided cleaner air quality and workspace.

How it affects consumers:

consumers are provided with cleaner products, cleaner air, and cleaner environments. the whole act is mainly beneficial for 90% of people.

Revisions:

The laws remain in place today, though the EPA still bickers with various industries over their scope.  no specific changes have been made to the acts.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:

1. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2003/02-658
Alaska department of environmental health VS Epa. it's about an Alaskan company wrongfully emitting waste
2.https://www.oyez.org/cases/2010/10-174
American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut. 4 companies files suit against American electric power accusing them of being the largest source of greenhouse gasses.

3. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1974/73-1966
4. https://www.rightsofnaturetribunal.org/cases/british-petroleum-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-case/

Sources (links):

http://www.ntxe-news.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=84&num=122870

http://www.ntxe-news.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=84&num=122870

https://www.epa.gov/

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National Labor Relations Board - Harita Vaddadi

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National Labor Relations Board - Harita Vaddadi

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Year established:

The National Relations Labor Board was created on July 5, 1935.

What led up to the creation:

The NLRB was created due to the violent confrontations occurred between workers trying to form unions and the police and private security forces defending the interests of anti-union employers.

What is the purpose:

The National Labor Relations Board was created to protect the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail some private sector labor and management practices which could have harmed the general welfare of the U.S. economy.

How it affects businesses:

The National Labor Relations Board help the business grow and develop more so it can become more successful in the future.

How it affects employees:

The National Labor Relations Board protects employees and employers to improve their wages and working conditions with or without an union.

How it affects consumers:

The National Labor Relations Board makes sure that the consumers are protected so that they don't get tricked or scammed.

Revisions:

The National Labor Relations Board had no revisions made.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1.https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/20-429
2.https://casetext.com/case/gomez-v-hm-intl-transp-inc-2
3.https://www.nlrb.gov/guidance/key-reference-materials/national-labor-relations-act

Sources (links):
https://www.nlrb.gov/about-nlrb/rights-we-protect

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/839/146/83762/

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-08-07-0208070341-story.html

https://casetext.com/case/gomez-v-hm-intl-transp-inc-2

https://www.nlrb.gov/case/15-CB-286840

https://www.nlrb.gov/guidance/key-reference-materials/national-labor-relations-act

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/20-429

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/20-1114

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/20-1088

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/20-601

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/20-1374

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/20-804

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Year established:
The Healthcare Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed on August 21st of 1996.

What led up to the creation:

HIPAA was created because in the early 1990’s , people were realizing that a more efficient way to manage medical records  and protect employees' privacy was necessary.

What is the purpose:
HIPAA was developed in order to protect the privacy of healthcare employees between jobs by ensuring that any health information be kept confidential (employee or patient), as well as improving efficiency in the healthcare industry, and improving the portability of health insurance.

How it affects businesses:
There are many HIPAA violations nationwide, resulting in many businesses in the U.S being sued or receiving settlement agreements for copious amounts of money. Although this is hurting the economy, I believe patients and employees alike deserve the right to privacy in health related situations, as they can be very serious topics, or employers may abuse the information that they receive.

How it affects employees:
HIPPA affects employees by protecting them for being treated any differently for any type of health concern they may have, if they have chosen not to share it with their employer. It gives them the right to choose whether they would like to confide in their employer about their health conditions, knowing that there might be adjustments.

How it affects consumers:
HIPAA protects consumers rights to their medical records, and patient-doctor (or employer) confidentiality.

Revisions:
Revisions to HIPAA since its foundation include:

Allowing patients to inspect their PHI in person and take notes or photographs of their PHI.

Changing the maximum time to provide access to PHI from 30 days to 15 days.

Requests by individuals to transfer ePHI to a third party will be limited to the ePHI maintained in an EHR.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1.https://www.hipaajournal.com/ocr-continues-hipaa-right-of-access-crackdown-with-200000-fine/

2.https://www.hipaajournal.com/ocr-imposes-2nd-largest-ever-hipaa-penalty-of-6-85-million-on-premera-blue-cross/

3.https://www.hipaajournal.com/ocr-announces-19th-hipaa-penalty-of-2020/

Sources (links):
https://www.hipaajournal.com/hipaa-history/#:~:text=HIPAA%20was%20created%20to%20%E2%80%9Cimprove,coverage%E2%80%9D%20for%20employees%20between%20jobs.&text=The%20procedures%20for%20simplifying%20the,computerize%20patients%C2%B4%20medical%20records.

https://www.collincountytx.gov/district_courts/Pages/default.aspx

https://www.hipaajournal.com/hipaa-violation-cases/

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The HHS' Office for Civil Rights (OCR) is continuing to crackdown on healthcare providers that are not providing patients with timely access to their medical records. Yesterday, OCR announced a settlement had been agreed with Banner Health to resolve a HIPAA Right of Access investigation. Banner Health agreed to pay $200,000 to settle the case.

The HIPAA Privacy Rule gives individuals the right to access, inspect, and obtain a copy of their own protected health information. When a request is received, HIPAA-covered entities are required to provide a copy of the requested records within 30 days.

In late 2019, OCR announced it was cracking down on noncompliance with this important provision of HIPAA. Since then, 14 financial penalties have been imposed on covered entities that have failed to provide patients with timely access to their medical records.

Phoenix, AZ-based Banner Health is one of the largest health care systems in the United States. The non-profit health system operates 30 hospitals and many primary care, urgent care, and specialty care facilities.

OCR received two complaints from patients of Banner Health affiliated covered entities alleging long delays receiving copies of medical records. The first patient submitted a request to Banner Estrella Medical Center in December 2017 and was not provided with the requested records until May 2018. A second complaint was received alleging another patient had to wait 5 months for an electronic copy of his records. The request was submitted to Banner Gateway Medical Center in September 2019 and he did not receive the records until February 2020.

The $200,000 financial penalty is the largest HIPAA fine imposed on a HIPAA-covered entity by OCR under its HIPAA Right of Access enforcement initiative. In addition to paying the financial penalty, Banner Health has agreed to adopt a corrective action plan that includes reviewing and revising written policies on health record access, implementing those policies, and providing training to staff on the new policies. OCR will monitor Banner Health for 2 years to ensure compliance.

"This first resolution of the year signals that our Right of Access Initiative is still going strong and that providers of all sizes need to respect the right of patients to have timely access to their medical records," said OCR Director Roger Severino.

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OCR Continues HIPAA Right of Access Crackdown with $200,000 Fine

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Share this article on: The HHS' Office for Civil Rights (OCR) is continuing to crackdown on healthcare providers that are not providing patients with timely access to their medical records. Yesterday, OCR announced a settlement had been agreed with Banner Health to resolve a HIPAA Right of Access investigation.

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Federal Equal Employment Opportunity

Year established:
The Federal Equal Employment Opportunity was established on July 2, 1965.

What led up to the creation:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson and included a section (referred to as Title VII) that prohibited employment discrimination. This Act applied to private employers, labor unions, and employment agencies and created the EEOC to enforce the Act.

What is the purpose: The Policy states that there is freedom from discrimination on the basis of protected classes such as race, color, sex, national origin, religion, age, disability, or genetic information.

How it affects businesses:
This commission affects the businesses by helping them stay safe and productive. Instead of fearing getting fired because of something one cannot control, they can now freely work anywhere they want without worrying about harassment. And even if they do face these things, the EEOC is there to protect them.

How it affects employees:
Employees are now safer and are given more freedom to do what they want. Even if there is discrimination on classes, they are now protected and given compensation by the EEOC

How it affects consumers:
Consumers are not affected as much as the businesses themselves, but it does give them the certification that the company is free from discrimination and harassment. They will also know if a company has gotten sued by the EEOC if there has been an instance of harassment.

Revisions:
5 years after EEOC opens its doors for business, Congress gives EEOC the authority to file lawsuits against private companies in 1968.
In 1990, President George H.W. Bush signs into law the Americans with Disabilities Act.
In 2009, President Barack H. Obama signs into law the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act.
President Biden may make changes to this commission, but is still not confirmed.

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1. https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/sixteen-year-old-claims-she-was-harassed-pennsylvania-mexican-restaurant
2. https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/teenage-girls-report-sexual-harassment-california-bagel-shop
3. https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/two-claim-arizona-store-refused-hire-them-because-they-were-deaf

Sources (links):
https://www.dallasnews.com/business/local-companies/2021/09/24/eeoc-sues-north-texas-companies-for-violating-sexual-harassment-and-disability-laws/

https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/teenagers-report-sexual-harassment-california-golf-club

https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/eeoc-files-disability-lawsuits-el-paso-and-ft-worth-based-covid-related-discrimination

https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/facts-about-racecolor-discrimination

https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/eeoc-priorities-may-change-under-a-biden-administration.aspx

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EEOC sues North Texas companies for violating sexual harassment and disability laws

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The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission sued three North Texas companies this week for allegedly violating federal harassment and discrimination...

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Allen Navarro- U.S Consumer Production Safety Commission 

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Allen Navarro- U.S Consumer Production Safety Commission 

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Year Established:
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission was established in 1972

What led up to the creation:
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission was established to "protect the public against unreasonable risks of injuries and deaths associated with consumer products." It was created because of the lack of safety in business.

What is the purpose:
The CPSC is charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with the use of the thousands of types of consumer products under the CPSC’s Jurisdiction such as fire, electrical, or mechanical risks associated with products. Overall the CPSC’s work contributed to a decline in the rate of deaths and injuries associated with consumer products over the past 40 years.

How it affects businesses:
This affects business because they are forced to follow the rules and regulations established by the CPSC which protects consumers and allows for safe and fair practice

How it affects employees:
It affects employees because they make safe rules which employees are forced to follow. It makes sure that employees are safe when ever dealing with any hazardous product that is off the shelf and could get into consumers hands. The work that the CPSC does is highly complex and it requires them to take into account such factors as product design, the environment in which the product is used and the behaviors of consumers who use the product.

How it affects consumers:
CPSC works to reduce the risk of injuries and deaths from consumer products and protect consumers by developing standards with industry, obtaining the recall of products and arranging for their repair, replacement or a refund on potential product hazards.

Revisions: No changes in the policy or leadership since its creation in 1972

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:

Forester V CPSC
1. https://casetext.com/case/forester-v-consumer-product-safety-comn

Amazon V CPSC
2. https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2021/07/15/cpsc-sues-amazon-over-potentially-hazardous-products-sold-on-its-site/

Lisa Milice V CPSC
3. https://nclalegal.org/lisa-milice-v-u-s-consumer-product-safety-commission/

Sources (links):
http://www.allgov.com/departments/independent-agencies/consumer-product-safety-commission?agencyid=7295#:~:text=The%20CPSC%20works%20to%20protect,cigarette%20lighters%20and%20household%20chemicals.

https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2007/toys-r-us-recalls-wooden-coloring-cases-due-to-violation-of-lead-paint-standard

https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2021/07/15/cpsc-sues-amazon-over-potentially-hazardous-products-sold-on-its-site/

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/22/1048188690/walmart-recalls-aromatherapy-spray-dangerous-bacteria

https://abcnews.go.com/US/cpsc-warns-parents-fidget-spinners-young-children-swallowing/story?id=47657409

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/how-fisher-price-invented-a-popular-baby-sleeper-without-safety-tests-and-kept-it-on-the-market-even-as-babies-died/2019/05/30/78c2707a-7731-11e9-b3f5-5673edf2d127_story.html

https://www.dallasnews.com/business/2014/12/23/keurig-recalls-7-million-coffee-makers/

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EXAMPLE - Enter your Agency, Policy, Law or Reg here

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EXAMPLE - Enter your Agency, Policy, Law or Reg here

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Year established:

What led up to the creation:

What is the purpose:

How it affects businesses:

How it affects employees:

How it affects consumers:

Revisions:

Links to three (3) court cases that have involved this agency, policy, law, or regulation:
1.
2.
3.

Sources (links):