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In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. Its
collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the
superiority of capitalism over socialism. The United States rejoiced as its formidable enemy was brought to its knees, thereby ending
the Cold War which had hovered over these two superpowers since the end of World War II.

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The Tiananmen Square Massacre was a response to a protest in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1989. Also
known as the June Fourth Incident, it occurred when several waves of protests across the course of a few months came
to a head. The PRC government debated over whether to try to defuse the situation through discussion, but eventually
decided to suppress it militarily. Estimates of how many students were killed range from hundreds to thousands.

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The Soviet War in Afghanistan, also known as the "Soviet-Afghan War", was a nine year conflict involving the Soviet
Union, supporting the Marxist government, against the Islamist Mujahedeen Resistance

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On April 17, 1961, 1400 Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast
of Cuba. Despite efforts of the government to keep the invasion plans covert, it became common
knowledge among Cuban exiles in Miami. Through Cuban intelligence, Castro learned of the
guerilla training camps in Guatemala as early as October 1960, and the press reported widely on events as they
unfolded.
The disaster at the Bay of Pigs had a lasting impact on the Kennedy administration. Determined to make up for the failed
invasion, the administration initiated Operation Mongoose—a plan to sabotage and destabilize the Cuban government
and economy.

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Shortly before midnight on Aug. 12, 1961, thousands of East German workers, guarded by troops, began to construct
concrete-block and wood barriers and barbed wire fences blocking boulevards, parks, streets, and alleys in the heart of
the city of Berlin, as well as the perimeter adjoining the surrounding Communist state of East Germany.
Over nineteen years ago, the wall had fallen overnight, just as
it had risen. The city and the world celebrated into the small hours
and beyond. Thousands of East Berliners wandered the glittering streets of the western districts that had been barred to
them for so long.

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On 27th September, a CIA agent in Cuba overheard Castro's personal pilot tell another man in a bar that Cuba now had
nuclear weapons. U-2 spy-plane photographs also showed that unusual activity was taking place at San Cristobal.
However, it was not until 15th October that photographs were taken that revealed that the Soviet Union was placing
long range missiles in Cuba.

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1959 -- April 30, 1975
The Vietnam War was the prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting
to unify the country of Vietnam under a communist government and the United States
(with the aid of the South Vietnamese) attempting to prevent the spread of
communism. Engaged in a war that many viewed as having no way to win, U.S. leaders
lost the American public's support for the war.

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Fought from June 1950 to July 1953, the Korean War saw Communist North Korea invade its southern, democratic
neighbor. Backed by the United Nations, with many of the troops furnished by the United States, South Korea resisted
and fighting ebbed and flowed up and down the peninsula until the front stabilized just north of the 38th Parallel.

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In 1959 the United States was shaken when Fidel Castro’s revolution in nearby Cuba brought
the Cold War to its own hemisphere. The US was directly affected economically since at this
time Americans owned 50% of Cuba’s public railway system, over 90% of the telephone and
power industries, the majority of key manufacturing plants, the largest chain of supermarkets,
several large retail stores, and most major tourist facilities.

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In 1947 the Marshall plan was constructed. This plan gave aid to European nations, this included food, money, and other supplies. Marshall was
convinced the key to restoration of political stability lay in the revitalization of
national economies. The Marshall plan ended in 1951.

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The Communist Revolution began with the 1946
resumption of open war between the Communist Party of
China and the Kuomintang (KMT), or Chinese Nationalists,
after the end of the Second World War. It concluded with
the effective victory of the Communists and the expulsion
of Nationalist forces to the island of Taiwan.

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On June 23-24, 1948 all rail and road links were cut off, as well as electricity supply. The isolated west Germany couldn't support itself without supplies from the outside. Stalin hoped the allies would cave in order to save Germany. The United States and the UK ushered over supplies to West Berlin through airlift in response to the blockade. In the end this "improvised" airlift became so successful that the allies didn't need to negotiate with the Soviet Union.

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Postwar Occupation and Division in Germany

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Postwar Occupation and Division in Germany

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The Soviet Union had established alliances with countries on its western border since it helped liberate these places from Germany's rule.

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The Soviet Union, using the influence it had
gained through the war, established and enforced communist rule and created
an alliance of countries on its eastern borders that stood as a buffer between
the Western world and itself -- a formation that became known as the "Eastern
Bloc."